












^V* -Jill' *W 




IfvjU "3"rU3-v\3 



The 

Master Question Book 

and 

Home Study Outlines 




The Frontier Press Company 

Buffalo, N. Y. 
1918 






Copyright, 1918 

By 

The Frontier Press Company 

All rights reserved 



APR -8 1918 



©CI.A494485 



PREFACE 

Time was when practically everybody thought getting through 
school or college meant the end of study. The idea that it was 
possible to master subjects outside of school was rejected as 
absurd. 

All that is changed. The new times demand new knowledge. 
Every person now needs to know about things not learned in 
school, — about things that were not then and are not now found 
in textbooks. As a natural result, practically everybody during 
these eventful days is studying, — high school, college, and univer- 
sity graduates not excepted. 

Further, people are beginning to realize that the present aim 
of all schooling is to teach where to look for and how to acquire 
information, — how to secure facts not found in the textbooks 
iand to study biographies not given in the histories. Consequently, 
students everywhere, including pupils in the high schools and 
in the grades, need to broaden the work they are doing in school. 

The Master Question Book is designed to give effective aid 
to all who desire to improve through self-instruction. Founded 
on the study of the greatest masters of all time, history is made 
real in the lives of those who built and overthrew nations; the 
advance of science is revealed in the lives of those who created 
the world's knowledge; tbe development of literature is made 
clear in the achievements of the world's greatest writers. Like- 
wise, the world's progress in art, music, invention, and discovery 
is brought impressively to view in the struggles and triumphs 
of its leaders. 

In brief, the inspiration of the greatest personalities has 
been combined with the fascination of the greatest facts in each 
field of knowledge. Personality is now recognized as the most 
important element in all instruction. Helmholtz, a world leader 
in science, declared: "When one comes in contact with a man 
of the first rank, his spiritual scale is changed for life. Such a 
contact is the most interesting event that life can offer." 

The Master Question Book affords the means of coming into 
inspiring contact with a hundred men of preeminent rank, as 
well as with more than four thousand other leaders of the 
world's thought and action. This gives it a unique teaching 
value, unapproached in range and effectiveness by any other 
manual of self-instruction. 

While the preparation of this question book is a task of no 
small magnitude, the publishers are confident that it will serve 
the purposes outlined in the section "How to Use." It attempts 
no impossible service and it makes no claim to completeness. 
However, it does seek to point the way to more effective 
knowledge at a time when millions in our land regard it a 
personal as well as a patriotic duty to acquire it. 



HOW TO USE 

Explanatory. The Master Question Book is based on the 
large illustrated volume entitled MASTERS OP ACHIEVEMENT. 
Throughout all sections this question book has been specially 
prepared for study, reading, and reference in connection with 
the larger work, of which it may be regarded as an extension or 
a continuation. This question book is, in reality, a part of 
MASTERS OP ACHIEVEMENT, supplementing its usefulness and 
increasing its educational value. 

Important Features. The user should appreciate first of alJL 
that this question book contains two valuable features, each of 
great helpfulness when rightly used. 

First, the Question Groups based on the lives and work of 
4300 world leaders as described and illustrated in MASTERS OP 
ACHIEVEMENT. 

Second, the Reference Lists, or bibliographies, consisting of 
classified lists of books. These lists include over a thousand of 
the world's best and most valuable works in which the subjects 
of study herein treated may be further pursued. 

Question (Groups. These comprise some nine thousand ques- 
tions arranged in over a hundred carefully classified divisions. 
Instructive answers to these questions may readily 'be found by 
means of the page references to the proper text in MASTERS OP 
ACHIEVEMENT. Many of these question groups furnish the 
essentials of a modern course of study in the subject treated. 
When supplemented by the reading and study indicated in the 
accompanying Reference Lists, the user is enabled to follow each 
subject to any desired degree of detail. 

Reference Lists. While the text of MASTERS OP ACHIEVE- 
MENT contains the titles of over ten thousand of the world's most 
noted books, these are necessarily given under the biographies 
of their authors. By means of the Reference Lists, however, the 
most useful and valuable of these, together with other desirable 
books for study, reading, or reference, are placed with the ques- 
tions under their respective groups. The user is thereby enabled 
to study each important subject through the record of the greatest 
men connected with it, and, at the same time, is referred to the 
most helpful books for obtaining further knowledge. These 
reference lists, of course, do not contain all the good books that 
have been written or are now available concerning any subject, 
but they are representative of the best and indicate where the 
learner may profitably continue further study. 

How to Obtain Books. While lack of space prevents includ- 
ing the names and addresses of the various publishers, most of 
the books named in the Reference Lists may be readily obtained 
through local bookstores or news dealers. Many valuable books 
mentioned are available in standard but inexpensive editions, such 
as Everyman's Library, the Home University Library, and similar 
series. Those who have access to a public library will find the 



classified Reference Lists in this question book an invaluable 
guide. 

How to Study. The first step in preparing for home study- 
by means of this question book is to get a clear idea of what 
MASTERS OP ACHIEVEMENT really is and what it contains. 
This is best done by reading the Preface, the instructive section 
How to Use, pages 7 to 11 inclusive, and the explanatory matter 
concerning the Suggestive Groups for Study and Reference, pages 
937 and 938. 

Suppose one wishes to study early American history. Turn- 
ing to the Index, page 248, and locating the general group, 
"American History," page 228, one finds that this subject quite 
naturally begins with the period of "Discovery and Exploration." 
The first question reads: 

"What year shows the first trace of the great design 
of COLUMBUS?" 

This is followed by two equally searching questions at the 
right of which one finds the figure 280. This refers to the page 
in MASTERS OP ACHIEVEMENT where the answers may be 
found. By means of similar questions and page references one 
may learn the essential points concerning the early period of 
American history. At the end of the question group is a list of 
the best books for the further study of this particular period. 
At the beginning of the section of American history there is a list 
of valuable works covering the whole subject. In a similar 
manner one may study any one of more than a hundred subjects 
of interest, each of which may be quickly located by using the 
cross reference index, pages 248 to 250. 

Some ten groups of questions from the beginning of American 
history, page 228, one finds: "Whose discoveries led to the French 
possession of Canada?" followed by the page reference, 534-D. In 
all cases where a capital letter follows a page reference proceed 
as follows: 

Turn first to the page indicated ; then, beginning with the left 
hand column, call the first titled sketch of biography A (in this 
case Carter, J. C), the second titled sketch B, the third C, and 
so on. By calling the fourth sketch D, one arrives at the 
biography of Jacques Cartier, which furnishes the answer. 

Note carefully, however, that mere cross-reference lines in 
the text are not counted as sketches or biographies, as, for 
example, page 594, "Dooley, Mr.," "Dora dTstria," would not be 
counted in locating a sketch on this page. 

When two page numbers joined by a hyphen follow a ques- 
tion, it indicates that the answer will be found between the pages 
so numbered, inclusive. For example, the numbers 413-415 mean 
that pages 413, 414, and 415 should be consulted. 

Throughout the question groups the names of the hundred 
greatest masters are always printed in capital letters. For 
example, in the first question on American history mentioned 
above the name COLUMBUS is in capitals, indicating his rank 
among the world's greatest masters. 

In pursuing any subject of study in this question book, bear 



in mind that the names of all characters studied are arranged in 
chronological order in the groups for study and reference, 
MASTERS OF ACHIEVEMENT, pages 937-955. Any desired 
group may be located by referring to the topical index, page 956. 

Guide to Home Study. There is practically no limit to what 
one may master by self-instruction, provided one really desires 
to learn and knows where to look. No matter how long one 
attends school or college, or even if one never attends, the greatest 
teacher, after all, is the teacher within. The Master Question 
Book presents stimulating and suggestive groups of questions for 
self-examination, self-instruction, and self-improvement, through- 
out a range of subjects embracing every important field in history, 
science, art, literature, invention, and discovery. 

Tells Where to Look. In discussing the remarkable 
efficiency of great leaders, such as Wilson or Roosevelt, for 
example, observant persons have emphasized that, in addition to 
being marvelously well informed, those men seem to know just 
where to go for needed knowledge. The reference lists or biblio- 
graphies accompanying the question groups show just where to 
find further authoritative information. 

Review Work. For the teacher who wishes to review sub- 
jects not taught for some time, the Question Groups covering the 
whole field of history, literature, art, and science will prove 
exceedingly helpful. 

For the high school or grade pupil needing to review for an 
examination or in preparation for advanced work, the Question 
Groups will be found of great service. 

For the club woman who wishes to work up on special sub- 
jects in art, literature, history, or social science, the classified 
Question Groups together with the Reference Lists will 'furnish 
a vast range of pertinent Information. 

For any person desiring to improve his knowledge in a 
general way, or to "brush up" on a special subject, the Question 
Groups and reference material will prove invaluable. 

Entertainment. An exhaustless store of suggestive material 
is provided for interesting games, such as guessing authors, 
naming discoverers, history contests, literary competitions, infor- 
mation tests, and similar forms of entertainment now so pleasing 
a feature not only of study clubs but of social gatherings as well. 
An alert hostess can continually secure new and diverting means 
of pleasing her guests. 

Four Notable Groups. The hundred great masters specially 
treated in the main volume (see pages 12 and 438), together with 
the roster of the American Hall of Fame, the members of the 
American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the winners of the 
Nobel prize awards, constitute a world's honor roll of achieve- 
ment. Materials for profitable study are found in the instructive 
biographical sketches, 332 in number, important portions of which 
have been made a part of the Question Groups. Explanatory 
matter with reference to the hundred great masters is found on 
pages 6 to 10, inclusive, and on pages 937 and 938 of the large 
work. Helpful information concerning the other three groups 
will be found on the ensuing pages, 7, 8, and 9, of this book. 



AMERICAN HALL OF FAME 

Crowning University Heights in upper New York city, and 
overlooking the valleys of the Harlem and the Hudson, there is 
a notable memorial structure known as the Hall of Fame. Within 
an imposing semicircular colonnade, 500 feet in length, space is 
provided for bronze tablets, busts, and statues. Beneath the 
colonnade is a museum for the permanent exhibition of portraits 
and other memorials. 

Of far greater significance, however, than the impressive 
dignity of its architecture or the surpassing beauty of its scenic 
setting, is the roll of noble names inscribed within this American 
Pantheon. 

According to the constitution of the Hall of Fame, a gift of 
one-quarter of a million dollars was accepted by New York 
University for the erection of a colonnade and its substructure, 
to be used perpetually as "The Hall of Fame for Great Americans." 
One hundred fifty panels will be provided for memorial bronze 
tablets. Fifty of these were to be inscribed in 1900 in case fifty 
names should then be approved by the judges designated. At 
the close of every five years thereafter, five additional panels will 
be inscribed, so that the entire number shall be completed by 
A.D. 2000. 

By the rules for election, the university first invites nomina- 
tions from the public. No name, however, can be inscribed except 
of a person who has been deceased at least ten years. These 
nominations are next passed upon by the university senate. 
Every name that is seconded by any member of the senate is 
then submitted to a board of one hundred or more electors, com- 
posed of distinguished men representative of the best scholarship 
and achievement of the nation. The members of this jury then 
cast their votes for such candidates as they judge most famous. 
No name may be inscribed unless it receives at least a majority 
of the electors voting upon it. 

The board of electors is selected from four groups of citizens: 
(1) University or college presidents; (2) professors of history, 
scientists; (3) editors, authors, men of affairs; (4) high public 
officials, justices of the highest courts. Every state or group of 
states having approximately a million inhabitants is given one 
elector. In consequence the board of electors is truly national 
and eminently fitted to make an authoritative choice. 

At the first election in 1900, only 29 out of 252 candidates 
nominated were elected. At the elections of 1905, 1910, and 1915, 
a total of 27 names was added. Of the 56 names comprising this 
great honor roll, 14 are authors, 11 statesmen, 4 soldiers and 
sailors, 4 preachers, 4 teachers, 5 scientists, 4 inventors, 4 jurists, 
2 philanthropists, 1 actress, 1 artist, 1 pioneer, and 1 reformer. 
Among these are the names of 6 distinguished women. 

In MASTERS OF ACHIEVEMENT page 955, under special 
group (98), a complete list of these great Americans will be 
found, and a sketch of each occurs in its proper place in the text. 



AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS 
AND LETTERS 

This distinguished body may be said to comprise a Hall of 
Fame for living Americans of eminence in the realm of art and 
literature. 

The academy owes its foundation to the action of the 
American Social Science Association which, at its annual meeting 
of 1898, nominated a small group of noted authors and artists to 
constitute the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Member- 
ship in this body was at first restricted to one hundred fifty, but 
later was increased to two hundred fifty. Eligibility for mem- 
bership was conditioned on distinguished attainment in literature 
or in the fine arts. In the course of six years the membership 
of the institute had grown to embrace a large proportion of the 
most eminent writers and artists in the United States. 

In 1904 the institute proceeded to organize the American 
Academy of Arts and Letters. By vote seven members of the 
institute were elected founding members of the academy and 
these were authorized to choose from the membership of the 
institute eight additional members of the academy. The fifteen 
members then proceeded to choose five more, and the twenty in 
turn selected an additional five. This method of selecting mem- 
bers of the academy from the larger membership of the institute 
was continued until the entire membership of the academy, 
limited by its constitution to fifty, had been chosen. 

The original seven members of the academy were William 
Dean Howells, the novelist, Edmund Clarence Stedman, the poet, 
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, the humorist, John Hay, the author 
and statesman, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, the sculptor, John 
LaParge, the painter, and Edward Alexander MacDowell, the 
composer. 

In 1909 the first public meeting was held, and in 1916 the 
organization received a national charter from congress. 

Broadly speaking, this American body, in spirit and in pur- 
pose, corresponds to the "immortal forty" of the French Academy 
which for generations has embraced the literary peers of France. 
The American body is doubtless mor^ truly representative and 
more widely influential than was the now famous French 
Academy at the same stage of development. 

At the beginning of 1918 the complete register of living and 
deceased members included ninety noted Americans. Of these 
thirty-one had been chosen from the field of fine arts and fifty- 
nine from the domain of literature. A list of the eighty-seven 
members elected previous to the publication of MASTERS OF 
ACHIEVEMENT is given in group (99) on page 955. During 
the intervening months Elihu Root, Brand Whitlock, and Hamlin 
Garland have been elected to membership. Biographical sketches 
of the entire ninety will be found in alphabetical order in the 
section "Masters Throughout the World." 



NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 

In compliance with the terms of a bequest by Alfred Bern- 
hard Nobel, noted Swedish inventor and manufacturer, who died 
in 1896, there was provided a fund of $9,200,000 for the establish- 
ment of prizes to be awarded to persons throughout the world 
making the most valuable contributions to science, idealistic liter- 
ature, and the promotion of peace. 

Five prizes, amounting to about $40,000 each, were designated 
to be awarded annually in recognition of distinguished work in 
(1) chemistry, (2) physics, (3) physiology or medicine, (4) liter- 
ature, and in (5) the cause of international peace. 

In chemistry and physics the awards are made by the Swedish 
royal academy of sciences; in medicine by the Caroline institute 
of Stockholm; in literature by the Swedish Academy; for peace 
by a committee appointed by the Norwegian Storthing. 

Awards were first made in 1901 and were continued without 
interruption until the close of 1913. During this period 77 persons 
in 16 different countries were made recipients of Nobel prizes. 

Following the outbreak of the world war the peace prize was 
withheld, and the distribution of other prizes was irregular, so 
that for the years 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917 only 10 awards were 
announced. 

In some instances, when it appeared impossible to decide 
upon relative merit, the prize has been divided between two or 
three noted masters of achievement, with equal honor for all. 
On two occasions the peace prize has been awarded to an 
institution. 

Of the 87 personal and 2 institutional awards, 16 were for 
notable work in chemistry, 20 for work in physics, 16 in medicine, 
18 in literature, and 19 for efforts in behalf of peace. 

Classified by country of residence, the prize winners were 
distributed as follows: Germany 20; France 17; England 9; 
Sweden 6; United States, Holland, and Switzerland 5 each; Italy 
and Denmark 4 each; Austria and Belgium 3 each; Spain 2; 
Russia, Poland, Norway, and Bengal 1 each. 

Three women have won Nobel prizes. One of these, Madame 
Curie, is the only person who has been distinguished by more 
than one Nobel award. In 1903 she shared in the prize for physics 
and in 1911 she was awarded the full prize in chemistry. Thus 
the highest honors of twentieth-century science have been 
bestowed upon a woman. 

The list of recipients of Nobel prizes may be said to constitute 
the world's honor roll of recent achievement. This impressive list, 
arranged in divisions corresponding to the five fields of effort, 
is found complete to year of publication in MASTERS OF 
ACHIEVEMENT, page 955, group (100). Biographical sketches 
of all the Nobel prize recipients, with a portrait group of 
American winners, are given in the text of the volume. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



SCIENCE 

Astronomy — Botany — Chemistry — Geography — Geol- 
ogy — Mathematics — Paleontology — Physics — Physiology 
— Psychology — Zoology 11-45 

USEFUL ARTS 

Agriculture — Aeronautics — Engineering — Invention 
— Medicine 46-60 

COMMERCE— INDUSTRY— FINANCE 

Finance — Manufacturing — Merchandising — Railway 

Development 60-65 

EXPLORATION— DISCOVERY 
Asia — Africa — Australia — America— Polar Research . 65-68 

HISTORY OF EDUCATION 

Ancient — Medieval — Modern — American 69-76 

LITERATURE 

American — English — Spanish — French — German — Rus- 
sian — Scandinavian — Italian — Hungarian — Polish — 
Drama 77-136 

ORATORY 
Ancient — Modern — American 136-140 

FINE ARTS 

Architecture — Illustration — Music — Painting — 
Sculpture — The Stage 140-183 

RELIGION 
Oriental — Ancient Judaism — Christianity 183-192 

HISTORY 

Ancient — Medieval — Modern World — American. . .192-244 

SOCIAL SCIENCE 

Philanthropy — Social Reform — Woman Suffrage. .244-247 

10 



SCIENCE 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Thomson, Introduc- 
tion to Science; Williams, History of Science; Whewell, His- 
tory of the Inductive Sciences; Libby, History of Science; 
White, Warfare of Science; Williams, Story of Nineteenth 
Century Science. 

ASTRONOMY 

Who is regarded as the founder of Greek astronomy? What 

notable astronomical prediction is ascribed to him? 894-B 

What important astronomical discovery is credited to Anaxi- 
mander? What instruments did he introduce? What did 
he imagine concerning the structure of the universe?. . . 452 

On what important astronomical subjects did Aristarchus 
write? What great modern theory is he said to have 
anticipated ? 457 

What important astronomical measurement did Eratosthenes 
make? What is said of its accuracy? What were his 
views concerning the shape of the earth? 612 

What was the rank of Hipparchus among Greek astron- 
omers? When and where did he make his observations? 
What important discoveries did he make? What noted 
determinations did he compute? 711 

Of what country was Ptolemy a native, and when did he do 
his work? What noted textbooks did he write? , How 
long did they remain in universal use? Whose teachings 
in astronomy finally superseded those of Ptolemy? 845 

Who is regarded the founder of modern astronomy? Upon 

what celebrated work does his fame rest? 285, 288 

Before COPERNICUS what was the general belief concern- 
ing the position of the earth in the universe? What does 
the Copernican system of today teach? 288 

What ten propositions were set forth in The Revolution of 
the Celestial Orbs? Which of these are considered valid 
now? 289 

What four important astronomical problems were for the 
first time explained by COPERNICUS? What knowledge 
did COPERNICUS lack to defend the correctness of his 
theories? What objection was frequently made against 
his theory of the axial motion of the earth? Why was 
COPERNICUS unable to answer it? 289 

11 



What great geographical discovery aided the acceptance of 
the Copernican theory, and why? Was COPERNICUS 
the first to maintain that the earth moves around the 
sun? What serious error did COPERNICUS make in his 
theory? Despite its other shortcomings, what great 
fundamental conception was embodied in his explanation 
of the universe? 289-290 

What factor did Tycho Brahe introduce into astronomical 
observation? To what great discoveries did his work 
contribute? 507 

When and where did KEPLER become an associate of 
Brahe? What important assistance did KEPLER receive 
from him? 300 

What was KEPLER'S great work and when was it published? 
What two n6table discoveries did it announce and prove? 
To the discovery of what other universal law did these 
lead? What celebrated law was announced by KEPLER 
in his Harmonies of the World? What famous saying 
is attributed to KEPLER in regard to publishing it?.300-301 

State the three remarkable laws on which KEPLER'S 
permanent fame rests. What was KEPLER'S conception 
of gravity? What great advance did KEPLER make over 
the explanations of COPERNICUS? To what new plane 
did he elevate astronomy? 301-302 

What important discovery was made by GALILEO at the age 
of eighteen? What novel theorem did he propose regard- 
ing falling bodies? To what great discoveries did this 
lead? 295 

What valuable instruments did GALILEO give to the scien- 
tific world? In what year did he construct his refracting 
telescope? What heavenly bodies did he immediately 
discover with it? How and when did he make these 
astronomical discoveries known? Did these discoveries 
confirm or confute the Copernican doctrine?. 296 

What practical contributions did Huygens make to astron- 
omy? What noted discovery did he make in 1659? 729 

What discovery led NEWTON to attempt to perfect a new 
type of telescope? How did this differ from GALILEO'S 
instrument? 307 

What great universal law was discovered and demonstrated 
by NEWTON? What important deduction did he make 
from KEPLER'S laws? 307 

12 



In what noted work were NEWTON'S discoveries embodied? 
What rank and importance is given to it by the scientific 
world? 308 

How did NEWTON prove that the same power which makes 
the apple fall holds the moon and planets in their 
orbits? 308, 306 

State the effect of NEWTON'S discoveries upon astronomy.308-311 

What astronomical discovery was made by Halley in 1680? 
What notable prediction did he make concerning it? 
State the results of his connection with NEWTON. 
Mention his chief contributions to astronomy 687 

What important data did Flamsteed furnish to NEWTON? 
When was the Greenwich observatory founded? To what 
did Flamsteeed's observations give rise? 628 

Mention four important determinations made by Jacques 

Cassini 535 

What notable discovery was made by Bradley in 1727? De- 
scribe his next discovery and its influence upon astron- 
omy. To what position did he rise and what did he 
accomplish? 507 

On what phenomenon did Celsius publish papers? What 

noted observatory was erected for his use? 538 

By what invention did Dollond improve the telescope? 593 

What noted astronomical problem did Clairaut solve? What 

did he demonstrate concerning the figure of the earth?. . 548 

How did William Herschel overcome his need of a telescope? 
What planet did he discover? Name his other important 
additions to our knowledge of the solar system. State 
his other valuable contributions to astronomy 707 

For whom was Caroline Herschel the life-long assistant? 
What original discoveries and observations were made 
by her? What valuable work did she publish? 707 

What important calculation did Bode make at the age of 
eighteen? What is Bode's law? On what works does 
Bode's fame rest? 496 

Mention four important tables computed by Delambre. What 

important measurement did he make? 584 

Of what noted hypothesis was Laplace the author? Mention 

his greatest work and state its relative importance 769 

What authoritative treatise was prepared by Bowditch? 

What noted work did he translate and annotate? 505 

For what discovery is Biela chiefly known? 491 

13 



What remarkable determinations were made by Bessel? State 
their effect on sidereal astronomy. Mention his chief 
works 490 

According to Encke's solution what is the distance between 
the earth and the sun? What is remarkable about 
Encke's comet? 610 

To what branch of astronomy did Sir John Herschel chiefly 
devote himself? What region of the heavens did he spe- 
cially observe and with what result? 707 

What notable discovery does Galle share with Leverrier? 

When was it made? 648 

For what discovery was Maria Mitchell honored in 1847? 
What was the nature of her observations and where did 
she become professor of astronomy? How was the value 
of her work further recognized in 1905? 807 

State the fields of inquiry covered by the work of Adams. . . 441-1 

To what astronomical problems did Huggins devote his at- 
tention? What new method of research did he introduce? 
What element did he prove to exist in comets?. 724 

What notable planetary discovery was made by Asaph Hall? 686 

What important solar observation was first made by Young? 

State his discovery concerning the sun's atmosphere. . . 931 

With what important astronomical work was Newcomb iden- 
tified? Name four of his works on astronomy 817 

To what field of astronomy were the valuable researches of 

Lockyer directed? What expeditions did he conduct?. . 779 

Mention six works on astronomy by Sir Robert Ball 469 

To what important astronomical post did Sir G. H. Darwin 

rise? On what subject did he become an authority?. .... 579 

In what capacity did E. S. Holden accomplish his most 

valuable astronomical work? 716 

Of what important American observatory was Pickering 
made director? In what field and by what means did he 
greatly extend astronomical observation? What obser- 
vatory in the southern hemisphere did he establish?. . . . 838 

For what planetary researches was Percival Lowell noted? 

Name five of his astronomical publications 784 

Name the principal discoveries made by Barnard. Mention 

three fields to which he applied celestial photography.. 472 

In what recently developed field of astronomy has Hale spe- 
cialized? Of what university observatory was he made 
director in 1905? Name his invention and discoveries 
resulting therefrom 685-C 

14 



READING AND REFERENCE: Sir John Herschel, Astronomy; 
Sir Robert Ball, Story of the Heavens; Bryant, History of 
Astronomy ; Clerke, History of Astronomy in the Nineteenth 
Century; Upton, Star Atlas; Hinks, Astronomy; Serviss, 
Round the Year with the Stars. 

TEXTBOOKS: S. Newcomb, Popular Astronomy; C. A. Young, 
General Astronomy; F. R. Moulton, Descriptive Astronomy; 
H. Jacoby, Astronomy: A Popular Handbook; R. Ball, Popu- 
lar Guide to the Heavens. 

BOTANY 

For what work on plants is Theophrastus noted? How many 
species of plants did he describe? What kind of plants 
were included ? ". 894 

How and for what purpose did Dioscorides obtain his exten- 
sive knowledge of plants? In what great work was this 
published? How long did it remain an undisputed 
authority? 591 

Of what country was Brunfels a native, and when and where 
was he horn? What was his training and his profession 
before he became a physician? For what work was he 
called the "restorer of botanical knowledge in Europe?" 516 

State how John Gerard obtained his botanical knowledge. 
How many plants did he grow in his garden? What 
noted botanical work did he publish in 1597? How did 
he attempt to classify plants? 657 

At what university was Csesalpinus professor of medicine? 
' What was the basis of his classification of plants? What 
noted botanist later made use of it? „ 525 

Where was Tournefort sent by the French government to in- 
vestigate plants? How long did his botanical system 
remain in use? State his chief service to science 899 

What system of botany did LINN^IUS first study? Where 
did he study medicine? State how LINNAEUS came to 
attract the attention of Celsius and the results of this 
friendship 311-312 

What important exploration did he undertake for the royal 

academy of science? Describe the journey and its results. 312 

Give the results of LINNAEUS' residence in Amsterdam. In 

what work was the sexual system of plants described?. . 310 

What was Boerhaave's dying injunction to LINNAEUS? 313 

State the results of LINNAEUS' labors as professor of botany. 

From what countries did he attract students? 313-314 

15 



What famous work contains the foundation of the Linnsean 
system of botany? Upon what single character in plants 
was this epoch-making work based? State the value of 
this artificial system to science 314 

What is said of the capacity of LINNAEUS for classification 
and arrangement? Describe the effects of his work on 
the progress of botany and natural history as a whole. 
State the importance of his definitions of genera and 
species, and his uniform use of trivial or specific names 315 

State the rank of Bartram among American botanists. Men- 
tion his services to science. What did LINNZEUS style 
him? 475 

As Bonnet was the first to employ the term "evolution," 

state whether he used it in its modern sense 500 

In contradistinction to the prevailing Linnsean system, what 

new system was established by Jussieu? 752 

What profession did Muhlenberg give up for botany? Name 

his contributions to the knowledge of American plants. . 813 

In what investigations was Saussure a pioneer? What were 

his views concerning the formation of plant structures?. 866 

During what period did Robert Brown study the plants of 
Australia? How many new plants did he secure? What 
was the effect of his adoption of the natural system of 
Jussieu? What did Brown make the basis of plant 
classification? 514 

When did De Candolle become professor of botany at 
Geneva? State the importance of his chief work. By 
whom was it completed? * 583 

For what profession was John Torrey educated? To what 
sciences did he devote his attention? With what emi- 
nent American botanist was he associated? Name their 
chief work and state its importance 899 

At what date did Bentham give up law to study botany? 

Name his important botanical works 485 

Where did A. W. Chapman establish himself in medical prac- 
tice? In what division of botany did he specialize? 
Name his chief work and state its importance 541 

What theory concerning the structure of organisms was 

established by Schwann in 1839? Discuss its importance. 869 

State how DARWIN came to be appointed naturalist on the 
voyage of the Beagle. How many years were spent in 
this expedition? What countries were visited? What 
kind of knowledge did DARWIN gain? 343 

16 






Under the influence of what botanist did DARWIN become 

interested in natural science? 342 

When and in what work was the theory of evolution by nat- 
ural selection first published? Discuss briefly the effect 
of this theory on the advance of botanical science. Name 
five important works on plants written by DARWIN.. 344-345 

For what profession was Asa Gray educated? State his con- 
nection with Harvard university. What work by Gray 
became a classic in American botany? Describe its 
characteristics 673 

State the influence and importance of Gray's work upon 
American botany. What was his attitude toward 
DARWIN'S theory of evolution? What is Gray's rank 
among botanists? In what manner was his name hon- 
ored in 1900? G73 

Of what noted exploring expedition was J. D. Hooker made 
botanist in 1839? State the results of his four years' 
cruise. Mention other important botanical explorations. 
What interesting plant region did Hooker visit with Asa 
Gray? State his connection with the publication of 
DARWIN'S theory. Give his rank among botanists 718 

W 7 hat experiments did Mendel conduct upon garden peas? 
What important discovery was made by him in 1865? 
How long did this discovery remain unrecognized by the 
scientific world? By whom was it first given promi- 
nence? By whom has it been repeated and verified? Of 
what investigations has Mendel's law become the work- 
ing basis? 803 

Of what division of botany is Sachs considered the founder? 

Mention some of his experiments 863 

In what American university did Goodale teach plant physi- 
ology? Name some of his valuable contributions to botany. 667 

Of what noted botanist was Bessey a pupil? In what uni- 
versity did he become professor, and for how long? 
State the character of his botanical works 490 

In what field of plant knowledge did Pfeffer rise to foremost 
rank? State the influence of his work on osmotic pres- 
sure on chemical progress. What is the importance of 
his treatise on plant physiology? 836 

Mention the chief facts concerning the scientific and educa- 
tional career of Coulter. What important botanical peri- 
odical did he found and edit? On what regions did Coul- 
ter write plant manuals? Name his other botanical works. 565 

17 



In what university did De Vries become professor of botany? 
Name his contribution to the theory of organic evolution. 
How has he changed the method of studying evolution? 587 

From what professorship did Britton retire in 1896? What 
important directorship did he then assume? State the 
importance of his Illustrated Flora. Name other lead- 
ing works ' 512 

To what noted botanical chair was Robinson appointed? 
Mention his contributions to American botany. What 
valuable manual did he collaborate in editing? 856-C 

READING AND REFERENCE: Sachs, History of Botany; Ker- 
ner and Oliver, Natural History of Plants; Schimper, Plant 
Geography; Pfeffer, Physiology of Plants; Darwin, Origin of 
Species; De Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants; Scott, 
Evolution of Plants; Farmer, Plant Life. 

TEXTBOOKS: Bergen, Foundations of Botany; Coulter, Ele- 
mentary Studies in Botany ; Bessey, Botany for High Schools 
and Colleges; Coulter, Barnes, and Cowles, Text-Book of 
Botany; Ganong, The Living Plant; Sargent, Plants and 
Their Uses. 

NATURE STUDY: Comstock, Handbook of Nature Study; Bailey, 
The Nature Study Idea; Standish, Country Life and Agricul- 
tural Education; Hall, The Open Book of Nature; Coulter, 
Practical Nature Study. 

POPULAR HANDBOOKS: Reed, Flower Guide; Mathews, Fa- 
miliar Flowers of Field and Garden; Lounsberry, Guide to 
the Wild Flowers; Keeler, Our Early Wild Flowers; Mathews, 
Field Book of American Wild Flowers; Rogers, Tree Guide; 
Mathews, Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs; Keeler, 
Our Native Trees; Rogers, Tree Book; Parsons, How to Know 
the Ferns; Huntington, Study of Trees in Winter; Mathews, 
Familiar Trees and Their Leaves; Lounsberry, Guide to 
Trees; Weed, Wild Flower Families; Doubleday, Nature's 
Garden; Rogers, Trees That Every Child Should Know. 

FLORAS: Gray's New Manual of Botany, 7th edition; Britton 
and Brown, Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and 
Canada; Chapman, Flora of the Southern United States; 
Small, Flora of the Southeastern United States; Coulter and 
Nelson, New Manual of Rocky Mountain Botany; Coulter, 
Manual of Texan Botany; Jepson, Flora of Middle Western 
California; Sargent, Trees of North America; Sud worth, For- 
est Trees of the Pacific Slope. 



18 



CHEMISTRY 

Name the four material elements recognized by Empedocles. 
Are any of these elements in the modern chemical sense? 
To what primal causes did Empedocles ascribe all ma- 
terial change? 610 

What did Democritus assume to be the original character- 
istics of matter? By what name was his system of 
philosophy known? 586 

Previous to Paracelsus and Van Helmont, with what pseudo- 
science had chemistry been long identified? Following 
its separation from alchemy, with what was chemistry 
for a time chiefly connected? (Under Lavoisier) 324 

State how Paracelsus contributed to the advance of chem- 
istry 828 

To the study of what substances did the physician Van Hel- 
mont devote his attention? State the results of his in- 
vestigations 701 

State the nature of Boyle's Sceptical Chemist and the effect 
of this work upon chemical science. Who formulated the 
phlogiston theory? State its essential points 325, 506 

What noted theory was advanced by Joseph Black? To what 
valuable invention did it lead? What did Black prove 
concerning the composition of air? 493 

What did Cavendish discover concerning the composition of 

water? Discuss his experiments on the composition of air. 538 

What notable discovery was made by Priestley, and at what 

date? 844 

Mention important chemical discoveries made by Scheele. . . . 867 

Describe how LAVOISIER began his scientific career. State 
how he overthrew the phlogiston theory. What did 
LAVOISIER prove concerning the nature of combustion? 
State the importance of his researches in this field.. .324-325 

What was LAVOISIER'S theory on the composition of acids? 
In what important exception did Sir Humphry Davy 
later prove LAVOISIER'S acid theory wrong? With this 
exception noted, what was the importance of the 
theory? 326, 582 

What notable contribution did LAVOISIER make to chem- 
ical science in 1787? How did LAVOISIER test most of 
his discoveries before publishing them? In what noted 
work was his system of chemistry published? 327 

Mention three other noted scientists who, with LAVOISIER, 

are regarded as the founders of chemistry 327 

19 



With what eminent chemist was Berthollet associated ? What 

important idea did he introduce into chemical theory?. . 489 

For what notable theory is Dalton famous? State when pub- 
lished and its ultimate effects upon physical science 576 

State the celebrated law first formulated by Avogadro in 

1811. Discuss briefly its value and use 464 

What great contribution to chemistry was made by Humphry 
Davy in 1806? What new metals did he obtain by elec- 
trolysis? What valuable practical invention was made 
by Davy? 582 

State the important law concerning the combination of gases 
discovered by Gay-Lussac, also its value in chemistry. 
Mention other notable discoveries 654 

What eminent chemist devised the system of symbols now 

in use? 489-H 

Name the chemical elements discovered or first isolated by 
Berzelius. How did he establish Dal ton's atomic theory? 
Of what valuable theory was Berzelius the author? State 
his influence on chemical science 489 

By whom was chloroform discovered? Mention other discov- 
eries by this early American chemist 682-E 

Mention important discoveries by Chevreul. To what did 
his researches on saponification lead? What notable 
honor was awarded him on his hundredth birthday?... 545 

What researches led to the discovery of paraffin and creosote?. 850- J 

What distinguished scientist discovered benzol, the basis of 

anilin dyes? 619-A 

What eminent German chemist is considered the founder of 
organic chemistry? What organic compound was first 
produced artificially? Name an important industry 
which resulted from his inventions. When did he first 
produce calcium carbide? 926-C 

By whom and how was bromine discovered? Mention its uses. .468-G 

What noted French chemist specialized in agricultural chem- 
istry? Name his most valuable publication 505-G 

What eminent German chemist specialized in the chemistry 
of food? Name other fields in which he became distin- 
guished 775-F 

Who formulated the law of the molecular diffusion of gases? 

State the law 672-B 

Name Bunsen's greatest discovery. To what valuable prac- 
tical use has the principle of the Bunsen gas-burner been 
applied? 520 

20 



What early American chemist became a noted investigator in 

spectrum analysis and photography? 596-G 

What Scotch chemist made notable investigations on petro- 
leum? State the importance of his discoveries 932-B 

Of what noted chemist was Gerhardt a pupil? With what 
chemist was he later associated? Name two of their most 
valuable contributions to chemistry 657 

What valuable contribution to chemical science was made by 

Wurtz? 929 

In what department of chemistry did Fresenius become cele- 
brated? 642 

What German chemist first obtained anilin? What art did 

his discoveries revolutionize? 715-A 

When and from what did Kolbe artificially produce salicylic 

acid? Of what importance was this discovery? 762 

In what university was Oliver Wolcott Gibbs professor of 

chemistry? What noted laboratory is named in his honor? 660 

In what noted university was Pasteur professor of chemistry? 

What important researches did he make during 1854-57? 830 

How did Cannizzaro contribute to the establishment of Avo- 

gadro's law? Name two of his discoveries 529 

State the influence of Josiah Parsons Cooke as a teacher of 

chemistry. Name one of his distinguished pupils 560 

What French chemist first liquefied oxygen and nitrogen? 
What did Pictet do almost simultaneously by another 
method? 526-A, 838 

Name valuable discoveries and inventions by Crookes. 
Which of his inventions is used in producing the 
Rontgen or X-rays? State its connection with commer- 
cial electric lighting 570 

What noted Russian chemist formulated the periodic law? 

What did it enable him to foretell? 803-C 

What eminent chemist was Liebig's successor at Munich? 
Mention some of his valuable discoveries and contribu- 
tions. What noted prize was awarded him? 466-G 

What kind of dye is Perkin's purple? Of what industry did 

its discoverer thereby become the founder? 834 

What was remarkable about the discovery of germanium by 

Winkler? 924 

By what work did Pfeffer, the botanist, lay the foundation of 

modern physical chemistry? 836 

What important substance was discovered by Remsen? What 

valuable journal did he found? 851 

21 



What researches by Wallach gave rise to the industry of pro- 
ducing artificial gums, perfumes, and essential oils? For 
what was Wallach awarded a Nobel prize? 910 

To what department of chemistry were Fischer's researches 
devoted? What is regarded as his most eminent achieve- 
ment? What honor was bestowed upon him in 1902?. . . 625 

How did Moissan obtain fluorin in the free state? What did 
he accomplish with the electric furnace? State the re- 
sults of his attempt to produce diamonds. When was 
he awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry? 808 

What branch of chemistry was founded by Van't Hoff ? What 

notable honor was given him in recognition of his work? 905 

In what fields were the researches of Ostwald conducted? 
What are his most valuable contributions to chemistry? 
When was the Nobel prize for chemistry awarded him?. 825 

For what investigations was Sabatier awarded (with Gri- 

gnard) the Nobel prize of 1912? 863 

Name important contributions by Chittenden 545 

With what subjects do the researches of Frankland deal?. . . 637 

State the value of the researches by Arrhenius in the theory 
of solutions. What distinguished scientific honors has 
he received? 460 

What investigations were begun by Pierre Curie and Madame 
Curie in 1896? To what momentous discovery did these 
researches lead? In what scientific honors did they 
jointly share? 572 

What new element did Madame Curie discover? By what 
monumental labor was she enabled to determine the 
atomic weight of radium? 572 

To what professorship did Madame Curie succeed upon the 
death of her husband? What new honor was conferred 
upon her in 1911? What was remarkable about this 
award? 572 

What notable discovery was made by Buchner? How have 

his contributions to chemistry been recognized? 518 

What English chemist prepared artificial rubber in 1912?. ..834-G 

At what university did Richards gain his degree of Ph.D.? 
Under what eminent chemists did he later study? In 
what fields of investigation did he become distinguished? 
What special scientific honor did he receive in 1914?. . . .853-G 

What new compounds were discovered by Grignard? How 
have these been valuable? How has Grignard been 
honored? 678 

22 



What chemical elements were discovered by Baskerville?. . . 476 

What eminent British physicist received the Nobel prize for 
chemistry in 1908? For what researches is he distin- 
guished? 862-E 

In what field has Willstatter done authoritative work? What 

recognition did his researches receive in 1915? 923 

READING AND REFERENCE: Meyer, History of Chemistry; 
Bauer, History of Chemistry ; Schorlemmer, The Rise and 
Development of Organic Chemistry ; Duncan, The Chemistry 
of Commerce; Meldola, Chemistry; Watts, Dictionary of 
Chemistry ; Thorp, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry. 

TEXTBOOKS: Remsen, Introduction to Chemistry; Ostwald, 
Introduction to Chemistry; Norris, Principles of Organic 
Chemistry ; Roscoe and Schorlemmer, Treatise on Chemistry ; 
McPherson and Henderson, First Course in Chemistry ; Thorp, 
Industrial Chemistry. 

GEOGRAPHY 

What geographical invention is credited to Anaximander?. . 452 

Name an important geographical fact known to Eratosthenes. 

How did he measure the earth's circumference? 612 

State the extent of Strabo's work on geography. What coun- 
tries does it describe? 885 

Of what country was Ptolemy a native? Tell something of 
the regard in which early scientific men held him. To 
what class of books did Ptolemy's Geography belong? 
What was the extent of its influence? 845 

Where was Marco Polo born? What great overland journey 
did he make? State the value of The Booh of Marco 
Polo to the study of geography 842 

What did COLUMBUS believe concerning the shape of the 

earth? By what discovery did he prove it? 279-285 

What important route did Vasco da Grama attempt to find? 

Give the results of his expedition 649 

Sketch briefly Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe. 
Name his two important discoveries in the western hemi- 
sphere 792 

In what way did Mercator influence the study of geography? 803 

Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe? 

How was he honored for this achievement? 596-B 

Who first taught the use of globes? Where? Under what 

title did he publish the results of his voyages? 684-E 

Outline briefly the discoveries made by Laperouse 769 

23 



How many voyages did Capt. Cook make? What present pos- 
session of the United States was first visited by him?. . . 560 

What was the most important work done by Jedediah Morse? 
Upon what subject were his textbooks the first pub- 
lished? When were courses in geography first intro- 
duced at Harvard? 812 

Who is considered the founder of modern physical geog- 
raphy? 725-E 

Who was the founder of comparative geography? Of what 

importance was his work? 855-P 

What important discovery did Sir J. C. Ross make on his last 
arctic voyage? State his "farthest south" record. What 
body of land did he reach in his antarctic journeying?. . 859 

What branch of geography was taught by Guyot? 682 

For what purpose did Livingstone first visit Africa? State 

the scientific value of his work 777 

Where did Kiepert conduct his first explorations? Speak 

briefly of the value and extent of his work in cartography. 758 

What geographical divisions of Africa were for the first time 

thoroughly studied by Barth? 475 

What important African lake did Burton discover with Speke? 523 

State Speke's belief concerning Lake Victoria Nyanza. Did 

his later discoveries confirm or confute his ideas? 881 

Mention the subjects of Reclus's geographical works 850 

Where did Przhevalski make important discoveries? What 
famous traveler had previously visited this region? 
When? 845, 842-A 

Give an outline of Stanley's journeys in Africa. What books 

did he write on the subject? 882 

State the contributions of Gannett to American geography. . 650 

In what department of geography has Davis gained distinc- 
tion? To what important chair did he rise? What ex- 
ploring expedition did he accompany? Name three of 
his works 581-E 

Who discovered the north pole? When did he make his first 
•attempt to reach it? How long after was the discovery 
made? 832-F 

Where and for 'how long was Tarr professor of physical geog- 
raphy? With whom did he collaborate in the prepara- 
tion of geographical textbooks? 891, 791-B 

What Asiatic expedition was headed by Younghusband?. . . 932 

Where did Hedin begin his explorations? Name three of his 

works on Asia 700 

24 



Who discovered the south pole? State the important facts 

concerning this achievement. How was he rewarded?. . 451-1 

What important geographical determination was made by 
Mawson? What two antarctic lands did he discover? 
State an interesting fact regarding each discovery. 
What is the scientific value of Mawson's work? 800 

READING AND REFERENCE: Tozer, History of Ancient Ge- 
ography; Jacobs, Story of Geographical Discovery ; Beazley, 
The Dawn of Modern Geography ; Keltie and Howarth, His- 
tory of Geography ; Humboldt, Cosmos; Newbigin, Modern 
Geography; Murray, The Ocean. 

TEXTBOOKS: Mill, International Geography; Salisbury, Bar- 
rows, and Tower, Modern Geography ; Stanford, Descriptive 
Geography; Tarr and McMurry, Common School Geography ; 
Davis, Physical Geography ; Salisbury, Physiography ; Chis- 
fholm, Handbook of Commercial Geography'; Robinson, Com- 
mercial Geography ; J. R. Smith, Industrial and Commercial 
Geography. 

GEOLOGY 

What distinguished British scientist is called the father of 
modern geology? Why? What important theory was he 
instrumental an establishing? 785-G 

When was Ly ell's Principles of Geology published? What 
•does the theory of uniformitarianism assume? State 
Lyell's attitude toward DARWIN'S theory of evolution.. 785 

In what noted works were Humboldt's contributions to ge- 
ology published? 725 

What early American geologist published The Geology of the 
Connecticut Valley? Of what eastern states did he make 
thorough geological surveys? 712-E 

How did Hugh Miller obtain his education? Name some of 

ihis contributions to geology 806 

On what noted voyage did DARWIN study geology? Name 
the titles of six of his contributions to geological knowl- 
edge. Discuss Geikie's estimate of their value 343-344 

On what important exploring expedition did Dana study 
geology? What university chair did he occupy for thirty- 
five years? Discuss the range and value of his work. 
What is his rank among scientists? 576-H 

In what department of geology was Whitney distinguished? 
To what important development did he contribute? 
What mountain is named in his honor? 918 

25 



What eminent scientist became an authority on Canadian 
geology? What was his attitude toward DARWIN'S 
theory of the origin of life forms? Mention some of 
his works 582-C 

Under what noted scientist did Le Conte study geology? 
Where did Le Conte become professor of geology? State 
the value of his contributions to science 772 

Briefly iSketch the scientific career of Winch ell. For what 

Object were his lectures and writings prepared? 924 

Where and with what object did Hay den begin scientific ex- 
ploration? What regions did he later explore geolog- 
ically, and with what results? 698 

What notable geological exploration brought Powell into 
prominence? What scientific bureau did the government 
establish through his recommendation? 844 

Of what important geological surveys was Sir A. Gelkie di- 
rector? Name some of his works on geology 654 

Of what early American geologist was Hitchcock the son? 
In what college was he professor of geology for forty 
years? State his contributions to science 712-D 

What noted university chair of geology did James Gelkie 
occupy? Whom did he succeed? To what department of 
geology did he chiefly contribute? 655 

What American geologist specialized on the geology of- 

Yellowstone national park? Mention his works 684-A 

What geologist made surveys in Canada for more than fifty 
years? To what position did he rise? Describe briefly 
the extent of his explorations 482-F 

What American geologist made in 1870 a scientific explora- 
tion of Mt. Ranier? Name some of his publications 610-F 

What university professorships did Shaler hold? What scien- 
tific service for the United States government did he 
perform? Name some of his books on geology 873 

What noted American geologist discovered Mt. Whitney and 
Mt. Tyndall? Who first surveyed the Yosemite valley? 
What important survey did he originate in 1866? State 
the nature, scope, and results of this survey. 758-G 

What prominent American geologist accompanied the Peary 
relief expedition of 1894? In what capacity did he serve 
the United States government? For what hypothesis 
is he noted?. 540-A 

In what noted geological surveys did Gilbert assist? State 

his contributions to science 661 

26 



What regions did G. M. Dawson explore? Name some oi his 

important contributions to geology 582 

What geological expedition did Branner conduct? Of what 
university did he become president? On what regions 
has he published geological works? 508 

In what department of American geology did Van Hise be- 
come an authority? Of what university was he made 
president? Name some of his important works. , 904 

On what important geological survey was Ami engaged?. . . . 451. 

READING AND REFERENCE: Geikie, The Founders of Geology; 
Zittel, History of Geology and Paleontology ; Shaler, Aspects 
of the Earth; Geikie, Earth Sculpture; Reade, Origin of 
Mountains; Darwin, Coral Reefs; Russell, Volcanoes of North 
America; Wright, The Ice Age in North America. 

TEXTBOOKS: Dana, Manual of Geology; Chamberlin and Salis- 
bury, Geology; Tarr, Elementary Geology; Ries, Economic 
Geology of the United States. 

MATHEMATICS 

Upon what does the claim that Thales is the founder of 

Greek mathematics rest? 894 

What calculations is Anaximander said to have made? 452 

What noted Greek philosopher proved the proposition of the 

square upon the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle?. .846-H 

What were the most noted mathematical works of 

Archimedes? 457 

What important branch of mathematics was founded by 

Hipparchus? 711 

What work has immortalized Euclid's name in science? Of 

what is it the basis ? 614 

Why is Apollonius regarded a founder of mathematics? 456 

Who actually discovered and who first published the solution 

of the cubic equation? Speak of its importance 530-B 

For what contribution to science is Napier noted? 816 

Who invented the decimal or common system of logarithms?. 511-C 

What branch of mathematics was originated by DES- 
CARTES? Discuss its value to science. Mention three 
other valuable contributions to mathematics made by 
DESCARTES 246 

What important contribution to mathematics was made by 

NEWTON at the age of twenty-one? 306 

When did NEWTON begin to write on fluxions or. the cal- 
culus? 306, 308 

27 



In what monumental work did NEWTON publish his appli- 
cations of the calculus? State its scientific rank 308, 310 

In what year did LEIBNITZ discover his differential cal- 
culus? When and in what work did he publish it? 255 

Mention three mathematical triumphs achieved by Bernoulli.488-G 

To what divisions of mathematics were the valuable con- 
tributions of Euler made? 615 

State proofs of the remarkable mathematical precocity of 
Clairaut. What celebrated problem in astronomy did he 
solve? What famous computation did he make? 548 

At what age did Lagrange "become professor of mathematics? 
What eminent mathematician did he succeed as director 
at Berlin? Name Lagrange's most valuable work 767 

In what mathematical fields was Fourier distinguished? 634 

What noted early American mathematician was largely self- 
educated? What authoritative work did he produce?. . . 505-1 

With what essay did Ampere begin his mathematical career? 451 

What remarkable discovery did Gauss make at the age of 
nineteen? When did he announce his method of least 
squares? Discuss the extent and quality of his mathe- 
matical work. Of What theory is he the founder? State 
his rank among mathematicians 653-A 

Of what theory was Cauchy the founder? What theory of 

light did he help establish? State the extent of his work. 537 

For what mathematical work is Abel celebrated? 439 

What German mathematician was noted for his discoveries 

in elliptic functions? 737-F 

Who was the inventor of quaternions? Mention his other 

important mathematical works 688-E 

In what university was Benjamin Peirce professor of mathe- 
matics for forty-seven years? To what does he owe his 
high rank among American mathematicians? 833 

In what universities did Loomis hold professorships? What 

were his other contributions to mathematical instruction? 781 

To the development of what division of physics did Stokes 

devote his mathematical powers? 885 

What mathematical paper was published by KELVIN at the 
age of sixteen? Under what title were his mathematical 
contributions chiefly issued? Discuss some of the prac- 
tical objects to which he devoted his mathematical 
genius 353-356 

In what university was Baker made professor? On what 

subjects has he published contributions? 467 

28 



In what American university was Woodward made professor 
of mathematical physics? To what eminent scientific 
position did he later rise? 927 

READING AND REFERENCE: Cajori, History of Mathematics; 
Fink, History of Mathematics; D. E. Smith, History of Mod- 
ern Mathematics ; Whitehead, Introduction to Mathematics. 

PALEONTOLOGY 

What was the title of CUVIER'S first paper on fossils? 
When was it published? In what later work did CUVIER 
found the science of vertebrate paleontology? What two 
important laws developed by CUVIER enabled him to 
reconstruct extinct animals from fossil fragments of 
bones? 329-332 

What noted French naturalist collaborated with CUVIER in 

classifying fossils? , 512-H 

What French botanist won fame by his work on fossil plants ? 512-G 

What noted English scientist became CUVIER'S logical suc- 
cessor in paleontology? Name one of his important works. 825-H 

What was the effect of DARWIN'S theory of evolution on the 

development of paleontology? 342-347 

What noted chair of paleontology did Marsh fill with distinc- 
tion? Sketch briefly the extent of his contributions to * 
science. What new types of animals did he discover and 
describe? Of what importance was his discovery of the 
fossil ancestors of the horse? Name some of his works. . 796 

Where was Hyatt made professor of paleontology? In what 
group of scientists was he prominent? Mention one of 
his works 729 

What was Cope's connection with the Wheeler and Hayden 
surveys? What formations did he explore? How many 
species of extinct animals did he name and describe? To 
what important chair did he succeed? In what field of 
theoretical science was he distinguished? 561 

To what is Zittel's international reputation due? What ex- 
ploring expedition did he accompany? Name noted works. 935 

In what capacity did White serve on United States govern- 
ment surveys? For what period did he have charge of 
the fossils of the national museum? What do his writ- 
ings include? 917 

Of what great museum was Lucas made director? On what 
fossil animals did he make researches? Name two of 
his works on extinct animals 784 

29 



For what noted scientist did Williston conduct fossil-hunting 
expeditions? For what profession was he educated? To 
what university chair did he rise? By what researches 
and discoveries has he won international reputation? 
What is his rank as a scientist? Name two of his au- 
thoritative works 922 

In what university was Osborn professor of zoology? In 
what museum was he curator of vertebrate paleontology? 
Where did he make explorations, and with what results? 
For what purpose did he conduct expeditions in Africa? 
Name two of his works on ancient mammals 824 

READING AND REFERENCE: Zittel, History of Geology and 
Paleontology ; Lankester, Extinct Animals; Lucas, Animals 
of the Past; Osborn, Age of Mammals. 

TEXTBOOKS: Zittel and Eastman, Textbook of Paleontology; 
Woodward, Outlines of Vertebrate Paleontology ; Woods, 
Paleontology: Invertebrates. 

PHYSICS 

Who wrote the earliest great work on physical science, in 
England? What subject did he investigate chiefly? 
What terms now in use did he originate? 661-C 

What three fundamental laws of physics were discovered by 
GALILEO? What theorem did he propound concerning 
falling bodies? What did he prove concerning the law 
of velocity? 295, 298 

What did GALILEO prove concerning the path of a projec- 
tile? What science did GALILEO found? 298 

State GALILEO'S discoveries with reference to the pendu- 
lum, to air and suction, and to the theory of sound 298 

What valuable instruments did GALILEO invent? Of what 

use was his hydrostatic balance? 296, 295 

In what work did KEPLER lay the foundation of optics? 

What did he contribute concerning the telescope?. . 300 

What instrument was invented by Guericke? What was 
demonstrated by the experiment of the "Magdeburg 
hemispheres ?" 680 

Of what great scientist was Torricelli a pupil? Besides his 
invention of the barometer, what contributions did he 
make to science? 899 

What theory of light was developed by Huygens? What 

property of light was first demonstrated by him? 729 

30 



State the important law of physics known as Boyle's law. 
Why is this called Mariotte's law in many countries? 
When did Mariotte publish his discovery? How long 
after Boyle? 506, 795 

What great law of physics was discovered by NEWTON? 
What important deduction did he make concerning the 
decrease of the power of gravity with distance? What 
notable discovery did he make concerning the composi- 
tion of light? In what celebrated work were these dis- 
coveries embodied? 307-308 

What instrument was invented by Reaumur? 850 

What notable improvement in the thermometer was made 
by Fahrenheit? In what countries is his thermometric 
scale used? 617 

What notable discovery in electricity was made by FRANK- 
LIN? What practical application did he make of it?. . . 393 

Who first developed the kinetic theory of gases? 488-F 

What important determination was made by Cavendish con- 
cerning the density of the earth? 538 

What valuable instrument was invented by Coulomb? What 

electric unit was named in his honor? 564 

After what scientist was galvanism named ? How did he make 

his discoveries? What doctrine did they establish?. . . .649-D 

Mention important instruments and experiments made by 

Volta. What was his most valuable discovery? 908 

What did Rumford recognize concerning the nature of heat? 
To what practical fields did he devote his scientific 
knowledge? 861 

Who invented the camera lucida? What other contributions 
did he make to optics ? What did he first observe in the 
solar spectrum? 926-G 

To what subject did Fourier make valuable contributions?. . . 634 

Who was the founder of saccharimetry? What instrument 
formed the basis of his method? For what researches 
was he noted ? 492-D 

What valuable instrument was invented by Ampere? What 

electrical unit is named in his honor? , 451 

What type of pendulum was devised by Kater? Describe 

its use 753 

What did Oersted show concerning the nature of magnetism, 

electricity, and galvanism? 822 

What early American physicist was professor at Yale for fifty 

years? What important journal was founded by him?. .877-B 

31 



What eminent French scientist discovered the law of vol- 
umes? Name other important discoveries in physics 
made by him 654-B 

What eminent Scotch physicist invented the kaleidoscope? 
With whom does he share the honor of inventing the 
stereoscope? In what field did he make important dis- 
coveries? , 510-E 

What important discovery was made by Fraunhofer? 638 

In honor of what physicist was the measure of electrical 
resistance named? Name an important result of his 
researches 822-1 

In what department of physics was Fresnel distinguished? 
What earlier theory of light did he disprove? State 
Fresnel's theory of light. Mention one of his valuable 
inventions 642 

What brilliant English physicist was largely self-educated? 
In what fields did he make experiments? State some of 
the important results. What now universally used elec- 
trical terms were originated by him? 619-A 

Who discovered "Haidinger's brush?" What does this enable 

the physicist to detect? 684 C 

Who was the founder of thermodynamics? How did he show 
that he appreciated the great law later kpown as the 
conservation of energy? What recent physicist extended 
his work? 531-G 

What valuable contribution was made by Henry toward the 
invention of the electric telegraph? What was his most 
important electrical discovery? In what way did he 
anticipate modern wireless telegraphy? Of what scien- 
tific institution was Henry director? How was his 
memory honored in 1915 ? 704 

Describe the nature of the researches in electricity made by 

De la Rive. For what discovery was he awarded a prize? 585 

Who invented electrotyping? Mention other contributions 

to science made by him 737-G 

What great contribution to electrical science was made by 
Weber? When and by whom were the values of the 
volt, ampere, coulomb, and farad defined?.. 913-G 

Mention three valuable scientific inventions made by Jolly. . 748 

In what fields was Grove distinguished? By what invention 

is he known? What theory of forces did he propound?. . 679 

For what was Stokes preeminent in his century? By what 

discovery is he best known? 885 

32 



What physicist is entitled to the credit of first conceiving the 
great doctrine of the conservation of energy? "What ex- 
periments led him to this view? 801-D' 

What researches and discoveries were made by Joule? How 

did he confirm the doctrine of the conservation of energy? 750' 

When and by whom was the gyroscope invented? 634C 

In what departments of physics did A. E. Beequerel make 

researches? What instrument did he invent? 479 

In what way did Tyndall advance physical science? 902. 

By what famous essay did HELMHOLTZ first attract scien- 
tific attention? What fundamental principle did it enun- 
ciate? To what chemical principle enunciated by 
LAVOISIER does it correspond? 348. 

To what inventions did HELMHOLTZ'S investigations in 
physiological optics lead? Of what value is the ophthal- 
moscope? Discuss its constructive principle 348-349 

To what great work did his investigations in physiological 
acoustics lead? Discuss briefly some of the points ad- 
vanced in his Sensations of Tone 349-350' 

To what distinguished chair was HELMHOLTZ called in 
1871? To what department of physics were HELM- 
HOLTZ'S remaining years devoted? Of what importance 
were his researches in electrodynamics? Under what 
six heads may his contributions to science be summed 
up? State the number of scientific publications by 
HELMHOLTZ. In what three realms of science was he 
a commanding figure? 35L 

What is the second law of thermodynamics? When and by 
whom was it first stated? What was his theory of 
electrolysis? 550-F 

Discuss how Hittorf anticipated Crookes's discovery of radi- 
ant matter. In what field did Hittorf make valuable re- 
searches ? 712 

Sketch briefly the early life and education of KELVIN. At 

what age did he publish his first scientific paper? 353" 

At what age was he appointed professor in Glasgow univer- 
sity? With what noted scientist was he there associated? 353 

Discuss KELVIN'S views, based on the facts of physical 

science, as to the age of the earth 354 

State KELVIN'S part in securing the acceptance of the inter- 
national centimeter-gram-second system of electrical 
standards 355 

Outline briefly the nature of KELVIN'S later researches 355 

33 



Discuss the scientific value of KELVIN'S work and his rank 

among modern scientists 356 

What similarity between electromagnetic waves and those of 
light was proved by Maxwell? Has his hypothesis con- 
cerning the nature of electricity and light been confirmed? 801 

What important discoveries in physics were made by 
Crookes? What are "Crookes tubes" and how did he 
produce them ? 570 

What is the Holtz electrical machine? 717 

For what researches was Van der Waals awarded a Nobel 

prize? 908 

At what university and for how long was Gibbs professor 
of mathematical physics? Of what use is the "Gibbs 
phase rule?" What system was developed by Gibbs dur- 
ing 1881-1884? . 659 

What English physicist distinguished himself by his re- 
searches in low temperatures? What gases was he the 
first to liquefy and solidify? How did he obtain the 
temperature of 470 F. below zero? What gas remains 
uncondensed at this temperature? 588-A 

What are the thermos flasks first introduced by Dewar? 

What important explosive did he assist in inventing?. . . 588 

At what universities was Rayleigh professor? What scien- 
tific honor did he receive in 1904? 849 

What American scientist instituted the laboratory method 

of instruction in physics? 900-G 

What French physicist enunciated the principle of the con- 
servation of electricity? State his discovery in color- 
photography. What scientific honor was awarded him 
in 1908? 777-A 

When, where, and by whom were the "X" rays discovered? 
By what name are these now called? Name three scien- 
tific honors bestowed upon the discoverer 858-D 

Mention some of the results of Wroblewski's work on the 

liquefaction of gases 929 

By what did Rowland win scientific recognition? Of what 
eminent physicist was he a pupil? In what fields did 
he make important contributions to science? To what 
discovery did his work on the solar spectrum lead? 
What remarkable invention did he make in connection 
with it? State Rowland's position among scientists 861 

State the scientific results of Woodward's presidency of the 

Carnegie institution at Washington 927 

34 



Discuss Braun's contributions to the advance of wireless 
telegraphy. Mention other important work in physics 
achieved by him. What honor did he receive jointly 
with Marconi? 509 

In what field did Sir Oliver Lodge make important dis- 
coveries? 779 

What are Becquerel rays, and why so named? Mention opti- 
cal subjects investigated by Becquerel. With what noted 
scientists did he share a Nobel prize for physics? 479-1 

Describe briefly the early life and education of Michelson. 
To what scientific position did he rise? In what field 
are his chief researches? Mention some of his important 
determinations and inventions. What new type of spec- 
troscope did he construct? Name three scientific honors 
awarded him 805 

What eminent Dutch physicist notably developed Maxwell's 
theory of the ether and Thomson's theory of electrons? 
With what formula is his name connected? What did he 
predict and demonstrate concerning the "Zeeman effect?" 
With whom did he share a Nobel prize? 781-C 

What Dutch physicist succeeded in liquefying helium? How 
did he prepare helium, and what properties of this ele- 
ment did he determine? When did he receive a Nobel 
prize? 823-H 

What epoch-making theories were developed by J. J. Thom- 
son? What scientific honor was awarded him? 896 

In what did the researches on Becquerel rays made by Pierre 
Curie and Madame Curie result? What special honors 
did they receive in recognition of their discoveries? 572 

Of what electric waves did Hertz prove the existence? What 
properties of these waves did he demonstrate? What was 
the practical outcome of his momentous discovery?. .... 708 

Describe the nature of Pupin's researches. State their effect 

on long-distance telephony 846 

For what researches was W. H. Bragg, with his son, W. L. 

Bragg, awarded a None! prize for physics? 507 

What scientific recognition was given Gullstrand's researches 

in physiological optics? 681 

For what work in physics is Lenard distinguished? In rec- 
ognition of what researches was he awarded a Nobel 
prize? 773 

In what manner was Wien honored in 1911 for his work on 

radioactivity? 919 

35 



Of what noted physicist was Zeeman a pupil? Discuss the 
importance of his discovery of the "Zeeman effect." With 
whom did he share a Nobel prize? 933 

Of what country was Rutherford a native? For what investi- 
gations is he distinguished? Mention three high scien- 
tific honors awarded him for his researches. 862 

In what department of physics has Von Laue done notable 

work? How was he honored in 1914? 770 

READING AND REFERENCE: Cajori, History of Physics; 
Whetham, Recent Development of Physical Science; Duncan, 
The New Knowledge; Soddy, Matter and Energy. 

TEXTBOOKS: Ames, Text-Book of General Physics; Watson, 
Text-Book of Physics; Daniell, Text-Book of the Principles of 
Physics; Crew, General Physics; Kelvin and Tait, Elements 
of Natural Philosophy ; Hall, Elements of Physics; Millikan 
and Gale, First Course in Physics. 

PHYSIOLOGY 

How did ARISTOTLE arrive at his knowledge of the organs 
of animals? What important distinction did he make 
between tissues and organs? What did CUVIER call 

ARISTOTLE'S work on animals? 232 

What distinction between nerves has been attributed to 

Erasistratus? On what subjects did he write?. 612 

What knowledge do the writings of Galen indicate? 647 

What important discoveries by Eustachio bear his name? 
What organ did he first accurately describe? With what 
two other founders of modern anatomy is he ranked?. . 615 

In what field of anatomy was Vesalius a pioneer? 906 

What contribution to physiology was made by Caesalpinus?. 525 
For what career was Fallopius educated? On what does his 

scientific fame rest? What does CUVIER say of him?. . 618 
Of what noted scientist was Fabricius the pupil and suc- 
cessor? What great master studied under Fabricius? 
What observations by Fahricius were of value to HAR- 
VEY? Mention subjects investigated by Fabricius 617 

When did HARVEY begin to teach his views on the circula- 
tion of the blood? When did he publish his discovery? 
What had Servetus and Caesalpinus described and con- 
jectured? Did these or other earlier scientists conceive 
the circulation of the blood in the sense that HARVEY 
demonstrated it? Discuss the value of his discovery.. . 303 

3fi 



For what discoveries is Malpighi known? 792 

What important discoveries were made by Graaf? 671 

What Italian scientist is the reputed founder of pathological 

anatomy? Name his chief work 811-B 

Sketch briefly the scientific career of Haller. What valuable 

work did he write? 687 

State the value of Hunter's work in anatomy 727 

What great scientist was the founder of modern compara- 
tive anatomy? 328-332 

Mention and state the scope of three great works by Bichat. 
On what distinction by ARISTOTLE is the last of these 
based? .490, 232 

What noted French scientist advanced the theory of the 
unity of the organic structure? Name his important 
work on anatomy 656-B 

In what field did Marshall Hall perform important work?. . 686 

Describe the nature and extent of Flourens's work 631 

On what organs did Weber make pioneer researches? What 
new development in science did these investigations 
initiate? 913-E 

To what subject were Owen's researches chiefly devoted? 

What field did his work in comparative anatomy embrace? 825 

What scientist determined the nature of pepsin? What 
was his greatest achievement? State the importance 
of the cellular theory of organic structure. 869-E 

For what investigations was Bernard awarded prizes by the 

French academy? Mention later researches 488 

Of what extent and importance were Carpenter's works on 

physiology? 532 

Of what character were the researches and collections of 

Jeffries Wyman? 929 

Who founded our modern knowledge of animal electricity? 

What is his rank among scientists? 598-C 

In what universities was HELMHOLTZ professor of physi- 
ology? To what important discoveries did his studies 
in physiological optics lead? What celebrated physio- 
logical work was published by HELMHOLTZ in 1863?. 347, 349 

What was Virohow's master work? Of what importance in 

pathology? 908 

What was Huxley's influence on the progress of comparative 
anatomy? When did he write his noted lecture on the 
vertebrate skull? 729 

What did Schultze prove concerning the nature of protoplasm? 868 

37 



What eminent scientist first placed the study of anatomy 

on an evolutionary basis? Name his chief works 654-G 

For the basis of what modern science did Wundt use 

physiology ? 929 

"What method of studying nervous tissue was introduced by 
Golgi? What important discovery did he make concern- 
ing nerves? What are the "organs of Golgi?" Mention 
his chief discovery in pathology? What scientific honor 
did he receive? 666 

In what field did Metchnikoff conduct important researches? 
What did he prove by physiological experiments on 
lower animals ? ' 804 

What Russian scientist founded a new school of physiolo- 
gists? On w'hat subjects did he make researches? Name 
his most valuable work 831-G 

What Spanish scientist is distinguished for his researches 
in the histology of the brain and nerves? How was the 
value of his work recognized? 848-1 

What science did Kossel apply to the investigation of cells, 
nuclei, and albumens? Where has he served as profes- 
sor of physiology? What honor was bestowed upon him? 763 

For what researches was Barany awarded the Nobel prize for 

medicine? 471 

READING AND REFERENCE : Foster, Lectures on the History 
of Physiology ; Craigie, "History of Anatomy" in Encyclopedia 
Britannica; Gegenbaur, Elements of Comparative Anatomy. 

TEXTBOOKS: Martin, The Human Body; Kirkes, Handbook of 
Physiology ; Stewart, Manual of Physiology ; Luciani, Human 
Physiology ; Kellogg, Animals and Man; Gerrisn, Textbook of 
Anatomy ; Gray, Anatomy. 

PSYCHOLOGY 

Why is the Greek philosopher ARISTOTLE called the 
founder of modern psychology? What did he show con- 
cerning the activities of the mind? 231 

What great philosopher of the middle ages combined the psy- 
chology of ARISTOTLE with theological teaching?. . .236-237 

What noted work on the human mind was written by 
LOCKE? When was it published? To what great sys- 
tem did LOCKE'S principles of psychology and philoso- 
phy eventually lead? 252-253 

When was HEGEL'S Phenomenology of the Spirit published? 

Why did he call this work his "voyage of discovery?". .268-269 



What psychological principles did Herbart introduce into 

education? 705 

Upon what methods did Beneke insist that psychology should 

be formulated ? 484 

Who was the founder of psychophysics? Name his chief 

work 620-J 

Mention three works discussing the human mind written 

by Bain 467 

When was SPENCER'S Principles of Psychology published? 
What conception of life and mind does this work em- 
brace? What was SPENCER'S influence on the thought 
of his day? 272-275 

What distinguished physiologist and psychologist was the 
creator of the modern science of psychology? What move- 
ments in psychology did he correlate and combine? Name 
two of his important works 929-B 

Mention some of Ladd's contributions to psychology. What 

noted professorship did he occupy? 765 

What is said of the influence of James's Principles of Psy- 
chology? Mention other contributions to psychology by 
James. What important chair of psychology did heboid? 739 

At what university was Hoffding made professor of philoso- 
phy? State his viewpoint in philosophy and in ethics.. 714 

What theory of mental development was advocated by G. 
Stanley Hall? In what important works are his prin- 
ciples set forth? What journal did he found and edit?. 686 

What principles did Romanes apply to psychology? Men- 
tion some of his important works on the human mind 
and on animal intelligence 858 

What field of research did Hyslop pursue? Name some of 

his important works 730 

Mention a psychological work by Royce. By what philosoph- 
ical view was his work influenced? 861 

What fields of modern psychology do Binet's works cover? 

What is the purpose of the Binet-Simon Tests? 492 

Sketch briefly the educational career of Baldwin. Mention 
six of his writings on psychology. Of what valuable 
dictionary was he editor? 469 

In what university was Jastrow made professor of psychol- 
ogy? Mention some of his scientific works 740 

To what fields did Munsterberg extend his researches? of 
what psychological subjects do his writings treat? Men- 
tion some of his psychological works 814 

39 



In what university did Titchener become research, professor 
of psychology? What is said of his laboratory investiga- 
tions? Mention some of his works in experimental 
psychology 898 

In what universities was Judd professor of psychology? In 
what university did he later apply the principles of 
modern psychology in the field of education? Name some 
of his important works 751 

READING AND REFERENCE: Dessoir, Outlines of the His- 
tory of Psychology; Baldwin, History of Psychology; Bald- 
win, Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology ; Hall, Adoles- 
cence; Dewey, Psychology and Social Practice; McDougall, 
Psychology ; Barrett, Psychical Research. 

TEXTBOOKS: James, Principles of Psychology; Baldwin, Ele- 
ments of Psychology ; Royce, Outlines of Psychology ; Wundt, 
Introduction to Psychology; Judd, Psychology ; Titchener, 
Beginner's Psychology and Text-Book of Psychology ; Calkins, 
First Book of Psychology; Myers, Text-Book of Experimental 
Psychology. 

ZOOLOGY 

Name and discuss the nature of ARISTOTLE'S important 
work on animals. What did CUVIER say of it? What 
valuable method did ARISTOTLE apply to the study of 
animals? 232 

Mention some of the important distinctions made by ARIS- 
TOTLE in grouping animals. In what respect did he 
anticipate the classification of Lamarck? What knowl- 
edge did he possess concerning whales? What is said of 
ARISTOTLE'S observations in embryology? 232 

With what fundamental distinction regarding tissues and 
organs does ARISTOTLE begin his treatise on animals? 
What divisions of modern science rest upon this dis- 
tinction? 232, 490-1 

What famous work by Pliny the Elder has come down to 

us? State its scientific value 841 

What discovery of great importance to zoology was made by 
HARVEY? In what work did he undertake to continue 
ARISTOTLE'S researches in embryology? 302-305 

For what discoveries is Malpighi known? 792 

What instrument was perfected by Leeuwenhoek? Name 
some of his notable' discoveries. What doctrine of 
ARISTOTLE did he largely disprove? 772 

40 



What work did Willughby undertake to produce in collabora- 
tion with John Ray? What is said in regard to its 
system of classification? 923 

To what subject was Reaumur's most important work devoted? 850 

What important work on zoology was published by LIN- 
NAEUS in 1735? Describe its object and method. In 
what respects did the classification of LINNAEUS differ 
from older systems? Name the six subkingdoms of ani- 
mals distinguished by LINNAEUS. How were these 
divided and arranged? What is said concerning his 
principles of defining genera and species? 314-315 

Zoology as a descriptive science is said to date from LIN- 
NAEUS. Discuss three reasons why 314-315 

How did Buff on arouse popular interest in zoology? Of what 
modern theory was he a pioneer? Name his important 
works 519 

To what did Gilbert White devote his life? What work by . 
him has become a classic? 917 

What eminent French naturalist was born at Bazentin in 
1744? Describe his views concerning the origin of 
species. For what modern theory did he prepare the 
way? On what department of zoology did he lecture 
and write? 767-E 

What blind naturalist conducted important researches on 
the life and habits of bees? Mention five notable dis- 
coveries made by him 723-G 

What were the scientific results of Alexander Wilson's ac- 
quaintance with Bartram? For what is Wilson's chief 
work noted? What is Wilson's rank among American 
ornithologists? 923 

Of what divisions of zoological science may CUVIER be re- 
garded as the founder? 328-332 

What led CUVIER to change the classification made by LIN- 
NAEUS? In what great work is CUVIER'S new system 
described? Name the four great types of animals estab- 
lished by CUVIER 332 

State CUVIER'S two laws with reference to animal organs. 
Of what importance were these laws in the study of 
fossils? 332 

Discuss the influence of CUVIER on zoology as a science. . . 332 

In contradistinction to CUVIER'S conception of four un- 
changing types of animal structure, what was Geoffroy 
Saint-Hilaire's theory? 656 

41 



To what was Audubon devoted from childhood? Name and 
describe the features of his great work. Discuss the 
value of his contribution to American ornithology 463 

What was the nature and influence of Von Baer's Develop- 
ment of Animals? Of what modern science was he a 
founder? 466 

In what division of zoology did Agassiz specialize? Mention 
some of his valuable works. State his attitude toward 
the Darwinian theory of evolution. What was his influ- 
ence as a teacher? How was his name honored in 1905?. . . 443-1 

For what two professions was DARWIN chiefly educated? 

How was he influenced to study natural history?. . . 342 

State the circumstances of his appointment as an exploring 
naturalist. Name the countries visited during the ex- 
pedition of the Beagle. What knowledge did DARWIN 
acquire during the five years' voyage? 342-343 

What problems did this knowledge lead him to attempt to 
solve? Upon what single inquiry did his investigations 
finally center? 343 

How long did he accumulate evidence in support of the prin- 
ciple of natural selection? What surprising communica- 
tion did DARWIN receive from Wallace in 1858? 343-344 

State the circumstances which resulted in the publication of 
DARWIN'S Origin of Species in 1859. Discuss the 
effects of this publication. What epoch-making theory 
did DARWIN advance? State the popular misconception 
concerning it 344 

Upon what principle is DARWIN'S theory of evolution 

based? What additional principle did he later advance? 345 

Has the progress of biological knowledge tended to confirm 

or to confute DARWIN'S arguments? 345 

State briefly the estimates of Romanes and Wallace as to 

the value of DARWIN'S work to science 347 

According to Archdeacon Farrar, what constitutes DAR- 
WIN'S chief claim to praise? 347 

In what field of animal life did Fabre make his interesting 

discoveries? Name some of his important works 617 

What regions did Wallace explore? What important theory 

did he announce simultaneously with DARWIN? 909-G 

With what noted naturalist did Bates visit the Amazon 
region? State the results. What work by Bates has be- 
come a classic of scientific travel? Give DARWIN'S 

estimate of Bates 477 

42 



For what profession was Huxley educated? State how he 
came to spend four years in the Australian region. What 
forms of life did he study, and with what results? To 
what scientific position was he later appointed, and how 
did he fill it? Describe his gifts as a scientist. What 
was his influence as a teacher? What was his position 
with regard to DARWIN'S theory of evolution? State 
the importance of his investigations and name some of 
his most valuable works 729 

With what great comparative anatomists is Gegenbaur 
ranked? Why is he regarded as the founder of modern 
anatomy? 654 

Describe Haeckel's scientific career. What was his position 
concerning Darwinism? Mention some of his leading 
works 683 

In what fields of zoological study were Lubbock's achieve- 
ments made? Mention two of his most popular works. 784 

How long was Weismann professor of zoology at Freiburg? 
What was his view concerning the inheritance of ac- 
quired characters? In what province of biology has his 
work been notably influential? 914 

In what division of zoological research did Alexander Agassiz 

become noted? Mention some of his important works. . . 443 

Upon the study of what class of animals did Gill chiefly 

specialize? Name some of his leading works 662 

Of what group of American zoologists was Hyatt a promi- 
nent member? What subjects did he investigate? 729 

To whom was Packard at one time an assistant? Sketch his 
scientific career. In what fields did he become widely 
known? Mention his important works 826 

What noted Russian explorer discovered a true wild horse? 
Of what domestic animal did he discover the parent wild 
species? 845-D 

What is said of Cope's work on North American reptiles, 
amphibians, and fishes? In what field did he become a 
leader? Of what scientific journal was he for many 
years editor? 561 

Of what important chair of zoology was Whitman made pro- 
fessor? In what fields did he investigate, and with what 
results? What important journal did he found and edit? 918 

In what field of zoology did Brooks become distinguished? 
What noted chair did he occupy, and with what results? 
By what were his valuable researches characterized?. . . 513 

43 



In what field of natural science did Coues become an author- 
ity? Name his most important works 564 

"Where was Metchnikoff born? Where did he study? Of what 
great scientist did he become chief assistant and suc- 
cessor? Mention notable researches and discoveries 
made by Metchnikoff. What important award did he 
share with Ehrlich? 804 

With what great scientist did Romanes form a friendship? 
Where did Romanes advocate the theories of DARWIN? 
To what new field of science did Romanes apply the prin- 
ciples of evolution? Name some of his important works. 858 

At what university and for how long was Comstock professor 
of entomology? State the nature and importance of his 
work on insects. In what field was his wife, Anna 
Botsford Comstock, prominent? 557 

Of what eminent scientists was Hertwig a pupil? To what 
distinguished professorship did he rise? What epoch- 
making discovery did he demonstrate in his work, The 
Animal Egg? 707 

Of what importance were the investigations of Balfour? 469-E 

Mention Jordan's chief works on fishes 749 

Under what eminent zoologist did Goode study? To what 
division of zoology did he devote his attention? State 
the results and importance of his work 667 

In what fields has Williston made extensive investigations? 

What is said of his Manual of North American Diptera? 922 

In what regions was Hornaday a zoological collector? Of 
what noted zoological park did he become director? 
Name some of his writings 719 

In what important museum did Chapman become curator of 

ornithology? Mention some of his works on birds 541 

Of what special station for investigation did Davenport be- 
come director? What important researches has he con- 
ducted ? What valuable popular work has he published ? . . 579-D 

READING AND REFERENCE: Miall, The Early Naturalists; 
Locy, Biology and lis Makers; Brooks, The Foundations of 
Zoology; The Cambridge Natural History, edited by Harmer 
and Shipley; Hornaday, The American Natural History; 
Darwin, Origin of Species; Jordan and Kellogg, Evolution 
and Animal Life; Osborn, From the Greeks to Darwin; 
Gamble, The Animal World; Lankester, Darwin and Modern 
Science; Thomson, Science of Life; Haeckel, Wonders of Life; 
Sedgwick and Wilson, General Biology. 

44 



GENERAL TEXTS: Parker and Haswell, Textbook of Zoology; 
Lankester, Treatise on Zoology; Shipley and MacBride, 
Zoology; Packard, Zoology; Kingsley, Vertebrate Zoology; 
Kellogg and Doane, Economic Zoology and Entomology. 

MAMMALS: Flower and Lydekker, Mammals Living and Ex- 
tinct; Seton, Life Histories of Northern Mammals; Gregory, 
The Orders of Mammals; Stone and Cram, American Ani- 
mals; Sclater, The Geography of Mammals. 

BIRDS: Chapman, Bird Life; Knowlton and Ridgway, Birds of 
the World; Coues, Key to North American Birds; Ridgway, 
Birds of North and Middle America; Chapman, Handbook of 
Birds of Eastern North America; Reed, Bird Guide. 

FISHES: Jordan, Fishes; Jordan and Evermann, Food and 
Game Fishes of North America; Goode, American Fishes; 
Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of North and Middle America; 
Dean, Fishes, Living and Fossil; Ward, Marvels of Fish Life; 
Goode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology ; Murray, The Depths 
of the Ocean. 

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS: Boulenger, Reptiles and 
Batrachians ; Ditmars, Reptiles of the World and Reptile 
Book; Dickerson, The Frog Book; Cope, Crocodilians, Lizards, 
and Snakes; Williston, Water Reptiles of the Past and Pres- 
ent; Cope, Batrachia of North America. 

INSECTS: Packard, Text-Book of Entomology ; Comstock, Manual 
for the Study of Insects; Kellogg, American Insects; Osborn, 
Economic Entomology; Fabre, Social Life in the Insect 
World; Lubbock, Ants, Bees, and Wasps. 

LOWER INVERTEBRATES: Pratt, Manual of the Common In- 
vertebrate Animals; Comstock, The Spider Book; Rogers, The 
Shell Book; Keep, West Coast Shells; Dall, Land and Fresh 
Water Molluscs; Caiman, The Life of Crustacea. 

NATURE STUDY AND TRAVEL: Comstock, Handbook of Na- 
ture Study; White, Natural History of Selborne; Darwin, 
Voyage of a Naturalist ; Bates, The Naturalist on the River 
Amazons; Hudson, The Naturalist in La Plata; Selous, 
Hunter's Wanderings in Africa; Beebe, Two Bird Lovers in 
Mexico; Belt, Naturalist in Nicaragua; Roosevelt, South 
African Game Trails. 



45 



USEFUL ARTS 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Clodd, Story of 
Primitive Man; Tylor, Primitive Culture; Mason, The Origin 
of Invention; Gibson, Romance of Modern Manufacture; 
Smiles, Men of Invention and Industry 

ENGINEERING 

Describe Smeaton's most noted achievement. Name other 

important works 878 

With what method of road building is McAdam's name 

synonymous? Describe his career 786 

Name two famous English inventors with whom Rennie was 
associated. In what did Rennie specialize? Mention 
noted structures designed by him 851 

Who introduced steam navigation into Europe? With whom 
did he work? Name the first steam vessel used in 
Europe. Where and when was it launched? 482-C 

How long was Stevenson engaged as an engineer? Name 

the most remarkable structure erected by him 884-F 

With what three qualities did STEPHENSON fight against 
poverty? By what method did he secure an education? 
How did he add to his income? 332-333 

When and by whom was the Stockton and Darlington rail- 
way sanctioned? What position was offered STEPHEN- 
SON? What success attended his work? 335 

In what line of work did STEPHENSON become a leader? 
Mention three lines in which he acquired wealth. With 
what railways was he connected? 335 

What improvement in mill machinery was made by Fair- 
bairn? In shipbuilding? Mention bridges built by him.. 617 

Sketch Brassey's career as a railway builder 509 

By whom was the Suez canal constructed? What world 

project was begun by him? By whom completed? 774-1 

Who built the first English telegraph line? 560-1 

Mention a result of Cooke's association with Wheatstone. 
Name an apparatus patented. How was Cooke rewarded 
for his achievements in electricity? 560, 916 

Name suspension bridges designed by J. A. Roebling 857 

Where was Sir William Siemens born? Of what country 
did he become a citizen? In what was he engaged? 
Name his invention used in the manufacture of steel.... 876 

46 



What well-known American bridge was constructed by 

Eads? Mention other projects planned by him 602 

Of what transcontinental road was Fleming engineer-in- 
chief? State his attitude toward state control of tele- 
graphs and toward a universal time system 629 

How did Trowbridge serve the government during the civil 

war? What type of bridge did he design? 900 

Sketch the army service of Dodge. Of what important rail- 
way was he chief engineer? 592 

Describe the Eiffel tower. Mention a structure in the United 

States in which its fundamental idea is seen 607, 475-D 

Whose experiments resulted in search-lights? Mention a 

discovery used in electric power installations 920-B 

Sketch the engineering achievements of Carson 533 

On what government commissions did Haupt serve? Name 

some of his writings on engineering 697 

With whom was Houston associated in inventing lighting 

methods? Name books on electricity by Houston. .721, 896-C 

In what developments of electricity did J. A. Fleming have 

an important part? Name some of his works 629 

Outline the career of Burr. In what competition was his 

bridge design successful? ' 523 

Who was the first American chief engineer of the Panama 

canal? By whom was he succeeded? 910-A, 884-B 

Name three railroad positions filled by J. F. Stevens. How 

long was he chief engineer of the Panama canal? 884 

Discuss briefly the work of Gorgas as chief sanitarian of the 

Panama canal 668 

Upon what municipal engineering problems has Freeman 
. been engaged? Where? 640 

Where did John Hays Hammond secure his scientific educa- 
tion? Whom did he serve as consulting engineer? Make 
a summary of his South African activities 689 

To whom belongs the honor of completing the Panama 

canal? What appointment was then offered him? 665-G 

With what famous electrical company was Hammer as- 
sociated? What did he install in London? '. 688 

Where did Parsons do his first work in railroad building? 

Of what two commissions was he a member? 830 

What work on the Panama canal was entrusted to Gaillard? 

What is Culebra cut now called? 646 

Name an improvement in New York city railroad service 

planned by Arnold. Mention two inventions 459 

47 



Name important electrical companies founded by Crocker.. 569 
Name three United States battleships designed by Nixon. . 819 
In what branches is Steinmetz an authority? Mention two 

books on electricity by him 883 

Of what nationality is Dalen? With what success did he fol- 
low his chosen profession? Name inventions. What 

noted prize was awarded him? 575 

REFERENCE AND TEXT BOOKS: 

Mechanical: Thurston, The Materials of Engineering; Car- 
penter, Textbook of Experimental Engineering; Weisbach, 
Theoretical Mechanics; Lanza, Applied Mechanics; Kennedy, 
The Mechanics of Machinery. 

Electrical: Steinmetz, Theoretical Elements of Electrical 
Engineering ; Fleming, The Principles of Electric Wave Teleg- 
raphy and Telephony; Crocker, Electric Lighting; Hous- 
ton, Electric Railways; Crocker, Management of Electrical 
Machinery. 

Mining: Ihlseng, Manual of Mining; Lupton, Mining; 
Hughes, Text Book of Coal Mining; Lock, Practical Gold 
Mining; Stretch, Prospecting, Locating and Valuing Mines; 
Curie, The Gold Mines of the World; Williams, The Diamond 
" Mines of South Africa. 
Sanitary: Baker, Municipal Engineering and Sanitation; 
Chapin, Municipal Sanitation in the United States. 

AGRICULTURE 

In what remote time do we find a work on agriculture? 

What special features are treated by Columella?. 557 

Name two editors of the American Agriculturist. .896-1, 751-G 

Outline Thurber's contributions to American agriculture 896 

Name three agricultural periodicals edited by Orange Judd. 

How did he aid the study of agriculture? 751 

When and with whose approval did Morrill succeed in pass- 
ing the bill for the establishment of agricultural col- 
leges? To what extent have these been developed? 811. 

Give a brief outline of the scientific work of Brewer 510 

Where and in what capacity did Hellriegel carry on his sci- 
entific experiments? What discovery did he make? 701 

Sketch briefly the work of Hilgard. Mention his most im- 
portant investigations. To what did they lead? 710 

To what political offices was James Wilson elected? To what 
cabinet position was he appointed? State the results of 
his sixteen years' service 923 

48 



In what section did Wallace aid the development of agricul- 
ture? How? Name three of his works 909 

Of what was Muir a pioneer advocate? Of what body was he 

made a member? 813 

Where did Burbank establish experiment farms? Describe 

some of his achievements in plant breeding 520 

In connection with what institution has Bailey done his most 
important work? Mention five works on horticulture. 
What standard works has he edited? 466 

With what agricultural journals was Myrick connected? 

Name his books on agriculture 815 

In what has Holden specialized? Discuss how he has aided 

scientific agriculture 716 

Where and by whom was the first systematic forestry work 
in America done? What policy did he advocate? What 
school did he help found? 839-A 

READING AND REFERENCE: 

Farming and Stock-Raising: Bailey, Cyclopedia of Ameri- 
can Agriculture; Wilcox and Smith, Cyclopedia of Live 
Stock; Brooks, Agriculture; Warren, Elements of Agricul- 
ture; Earle, Southern Agriculture; Wilson and Warburton, 
Field Crops; Agee, Crops and Methods of Soil Improvement; 
King, Farmers of Forty Centuries; Comstock, How to Keep 
Bees; Brown, Poultry Husbandry. 

Horticulture: Bailey, Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture; 
Davidson, Gardens Past and Present; Budd and Hansen, 
American Horticultural Manual; Bailey, Nursery-Book; 
Sewell, Common Sense Gardens; Fish, Book of the Winter 
Garden; Ely, Another Hardy Garden Book. 
Forestry: Fernow, History of Forestry; Pinchot, Primer of 
Forestry; Green, Principles of American Forestry; Gifford, 
Practical Forestry; Brucken, North American Forests and 
Forestry; Fernow, The Care of Trees. 

AERONAUTICS 

What. was the first form of flying machine? To what coun- 
• try belongs the honor of this invention? , 809-F 

Who were the inventors of the balloon? What was the 
effect of their demonstration? Under what two rulers 
did they carry on their experiments? By whom was 
each signally honored? Briefly describe their achieve- 
ments . 809-F, 782-E, 413 

49 



To what branch of science did Langley devote many years? 
Where did he carry on his observations? Of what type 
of flying machine is he the inventor? When did it mate 
the first successful flight? What has been proved by 
later experiments? Name his works on the subject 768 

Sketch briefly the career of Count von Zeppelin. What type 
of airship did he invent? When did he first succeed in 
driving his machine against the wind? Where have 
most of the recent Zeppelins been built? State why the 
year 1913 was memorable to Zeppelin? How were these 
airships used by Germany? 934 

Mention the first instance of actual mechanical flight. By 
whom was the test made? Whose theories were proved 
correct by this success? What government position was 
accepted by Orville Wright in 1915? 928-H, 768-F 

Of what nationality is Santos-Dumont? What notable 

advance in aviation was made by him? 865 

What types of machines for aerial navigation were invented 
and perfected by Glenn Curtiss? What three names 
are most prominent in the field of aviation?. . .573, 928-G & H 

For What purpose was the America built? What other im- 
portant demonstration did Curtiss make in 1914?. . .573, 768-F 

READING AND REFERENCE: Brockett, Bibliography of Aero- 
nautics; Langley, Aerodynamics and Internal Work of the 
Wind; Dilienthal, Bird Flight as the Basis of Aviation; 
Santos-Dumont, My Airships; Maxim, Artificial and Natural 
Flight; Turner, Romance of Aeronautics; Duchene, The 
Mechanics of the Aeroplane; Brewer, The Art of Aviation. 

WORLD INVENTION 

Who invented printing from movable type? What testi- 
mony is produced in this connection? By whom?. . . .276-277 
What is known of GUTENBERG'S family and his real name? 276 
Where was the first attempt at printing made? Why was 
it kept secret? Sketch GUTENBERG'S association with 
Fust. Give its outcome as concerned GUTENBERG. 

Where did he bring out the first printed Bible? 276-277 

Mention another early specimen of GUTENBERG'S print- 
ing, giving interesting facts concerning it. To what 
ancient invention may GUTENBERG'S be compared?.. 277 
When was the first book printed in England? In America? 278 
Quote Lamartine, HUGO, and CARLYLE concerning GU- 
TENBERG 278-279 

50 



Where was PALISSY born? For what work was he trained? 

How did he prepare for his work? 290 

How did PALISSY become interested in the making of 
pottery? How many years' work were required before 
the final triumph? What kinds of ware did he make?. 291 

Where was PALISSY given ground for his furnaces? What 
now occupies the spot? Name collections in which 
PALISSY'S work may be found. What is its present 
value? 292 

Quote Lamartine's estimate of PALISSY'S ability as a 

writer. With what American is PALISSY compared?. .293-294 

What important astronomical instrument did GALILEO per- 
fect? Mention another invention by him 296 

What led Bottger to his experiments on clay? How was he 
aided in his attempts to produce porcelain? By what 
name is this ware now known? 504 

Name two of Hooke's inventions 718 

How did Papin gain scientific reputation? What inven- 
tions resulted from his association with Boyle? How 
did he use steam? Name other discoveries 828 

What advance in the printing art resulted from the inven- 
tion of Ged? How was it received? 654 

Summarize the inventive work of Harrison. What valuable 

prize did he win ? 695 

Where was ARKWRIGHT born? For what trade was he 
trained? What circumstances led to his great invention? 
Sketch its method of working. Mention ARKWRIGHT'S 
greatest handicap at this time 316-317 

State the outcome of ARKWRIGHT'S discovery — its recep- 
tion by other employers, lawsuits by and against ARK- 
WRIGHT and their results 317-318 

What qualities enabled ARKWRIGHT to overcome opposi- 
tion? How did the nullification of his patents affect his 
efforts? What financial returns did he gain? 318 

What place must be accorded ARKWRIGHT in the textile 

industry? What were his most marked traits? 318-319 

What great invention was made by WATT? Why was he 
educated at home? Mention two incidents of his child- 
hood indicating his precocious genius 319-320 

Who first suggested to WATT the capability of steam as 
motive force? Where did WATT begin his investiga- 
tions? State the defects of the Newcomen engine. 
State the difficulty WATT had to overcome 320-321 

51 



Where was WATT'S engine first manufactured? What led 
to the removal to Soho? Mention six inventions that 
completed the working of WATT'S engine 322 

Compare WATT with other great inventors and discoverers. 

How have these men influenced civilization? 323 

Mention the greatest invention made hy Cartwright. How 
was this received? In what other problems was he 
interested? How did he profit? 534 

Who invented the spinning-jenny? What obstacles did he 

encounter? 692-E 

For whom was the Jacquard loom named? What did this 
accomplish? What prevented Jacquard from realizing 
fully from his invention? Mention other inventors who 
encountered similar opposition 738-C, 692-E, 534-E 

Whose ingenuity revolutionized the manufacture of muslin? 
By what name is the invention known? How was the 
inventor enabled to carry on his experiments ? What 
did he receive for his machine? 570-C 

By whom was lithography invented ? What city did he make 

the center of the lithographic art? 871-1 

Describe STEPHENSON'S early life and education. At 

what work did he begin life? 332-333 

Where did STEPHENSON begin his experiments with the 
locomotive? What was the condition of railway trans- 
portation at that time ? 333 

Mention four inventors to whom credit is due for the per- 
fection of the locomotive 334 

How did STEPHENSON proceed to develop/ the engine? 

How were his ideas received? 334-335 

Sketch the success of the Stockton and Darlington railway. 
What controversy arose over STEPHENSON'S proposal 
to attain a speed of twelve miles an hour? 335 

Speak of STEPHENSON'S personal appearance. Name his 
dominant characteristic. Compare his liking for books 
and conversation. What did EMERSON say of him?.. 336 

How is photography indebted to Daguerre? 575 

In what branches of science was Wheatstone interested? 
Name two of his inventions. What is "Wheatstone's 
bridge?" Who was the actual inventor? 916 

What invention immortalized the name of Ericsson? 612 

Name some of the early inventions which made Armstrong 
noted. Where did he establish his great engine works? 

For what did they eventually become famous? 458 

52 



What method of making steel is named for Bessemer? De- 
scribe it. State its commercial value 490 

Which of KELVIN'S investigations directed attention to his 
work? State KELVIN'S connection with the Atlantic 
cable and his contribution to its success 353-354 

Next to the cable, what was KELVIN'S most popular inven- 
tion? How was this received by the government? 354 

How many patents did KELVIN obtain? State an interest- 
ing fact regarding his home near Glasgow 356 

Who discovered dynamite? What circumstance was di- 
rectly responsible for this discovery? 819-G 

How many inventions did Nobel patent? Where did he 
carry on his manufactures? How has he advanced 
learning? Of what do these awards consist? How 
many persons have been so honored? 819, 955 

Name Linde's most important invention. What other scien- 
tists produced similar machines? 776, 689-F, 900-C 

Mention two forms of engines invented by Parsons 830 

What system of lighting did Welsbach invent? Sketch his 

. investigations resulting in* this discovery 915 

State the nature and value of Nernst's scientific work 817 

Where did Marconi begin his electrical experiments? What 
invention did he make? How far was the first success- 
ful wireless message sent? By how much has the 
distance been increased? What patriotic service did 
Marconi undertake? What scientific honor was awarded 
him? 794 

READING AND REFERENCE: Beckmann, History of Inven- 
tions; Burns, The Story of Great Inventions ; Corbin, Mechani- 
cal Inventions of To-Day; Corbin, The Romance of War In- 
ventions; Cressy, Discoveries and Inventions of the Twentieth 
Century; Forman, Stories of Useful Inventions; Holland, 
Historical Inventions ; Johnson, Modern Inventions; Mason, 
The Origin of Invention; Routledge, Discoveries and Inven- 
tions of the Twentieth Ventury ; lies, Inventors at Work; 
Doubleday, Stories of Inventors; Talbot, All About Inventions 
and Discoveries. 

AMERICAN INVENTION 

What three names are associated with the earliest attempts 

at steam navigation in America? 627-G, 884-A, 645-A 

Who was the first native-born American to invent a steam- 
boat? What type was it? How did he succeed? 627-G 

53 



Sketch the early life of Pulton. Where did he secure his 
first patent? What experiments did he conduct in 
France? What was the Clermont? To what did it lead? 645 

Who secured the establishment of the American patent sys- 
tem? What did he patent? When and where did he 
establish the first steam ferry? Describe the Phcenix . . .884- A 

Who has been called the "Watt of America?" Name his first 
invention. Describe his improvements in machinery and 
engines. What is noteworthy concerning his steam 
dredge? 615-E 

Who invented the cotton-gin? What profit did it secure him? 

In what did he later engage? 918-H 

What world-famous machine was invented by Robert Hoe? 
What previous invention did he take advantage of? By 
whom was his business later carried on? What notable 
improvements were made by Richard M. Hoe? What 
business benefited greatly by these inventions? Mention 
the final developments of the Hoe press by Robert Hoe, Jr.. 714 

Who constructed the first locomotive in America? In what 
other projects was he interested? Name his greatest 
achievement. Describe its object and work 561-F 

Relate the conversation which gave MORSE his idea regard- 
ing telegraphic communication. What problem con- 
fronted him? Why was success delayed? 338-339 

What opposition did MORSE meet in his attempt to secure 
an English patent? Through whose efforts did he obtain 
a patent in France? 339 

Between what two cities was the first telegraph line con- 
structed? Quote the first message 340 

What other form of telegraphy originated with MORSE? 341 

Give Prime's estimate of MORSE'S personal appearance and 
character. What honors were especially prized by MORSE? 
To what quality was his success due? 341-342 

In the management of what concern did E. A. Stevens suc- 
ceed his father? Mention inventions by E. A. Stevens. 
What institution did he found?. 883 

Describe "babbitt-metal." Who discovered it? 465- A 

Name five noted inventions by Bogardus. State an unusual 

feature of his New York factory 497 

Who invented the process of vulcanizing rubber? In what 

circumstances did he produce it? '. 668-A 

What invention by McCormick revolutionized American agri- 
culture? Outline its development ^ 787 

54 



Describe Otis's important invention. How has this con- 
tributed to the growth of cities? 825 

What world-famous weapon did Colt invent? To what extent 

did he develop the manufacture of firearms? 556 

What inventions of Corliss were valuable? Give the history 

of his famous "Corliss engine." ' 562 

What invention made Gatling famous? Briefly describe it. . . 652 

Who invented the lockstitch sewing machine? Where was 
it constructed and patented? Describe the inventor's 
struggles and final success 722-B 

What inventions by McKay revolutionized the shoe industry? 

How did he amass his fortune? To what did he donate it?. 789 

Describe the working of Wilson's sewing machine 923-D 

Where did Pullman begin to manufacture the sleeping car 
invented by him? What town did he found? Name a 
later invention 845 

How did Gray support himself while being educated? Why 

did he leave college? Name five inventions 673 

In what connection did Dolbear make inventions?. 593 

Who invented celluloid? What was his greatest contribution 

to science? Mention others 729-H 

How did Sir Hiram Maxim obtain his education? Name 

valuable inventions. How many patents did he secure?. . 800 

Who is regarded the father of the modern submarine? What 
led to his experiments in this line? Sketch briefly the 
history of the Holland 716-E 

With what universally used device is Westinghouse' name 
associated? How did he contribute to the development 
of water power? What does his work typify? 916 

Where was Alexander Graham Bell educated? Tn what edu- 
cational work was he engaged in Boston? What wonder- 
ful invention did he make in 1876? Name others 481 

Who stands preeminent among present-day inventors in 
America? Sketch his early career. Where did he estab- 
lish his first workshop? Mention five widely used in- 
ventions. For what is his work remarkable? 604-B 

Name Tripler's greatest achievement. Mention other men 

who simultaneously made use of the same principle 900 

Sketch Berliner's career, mentioning chief inventions 4S7 

By what companies are the inventions of Thomson manu- 
factured? How many patents has he secured? 896 

What is Eastman's chief invention? Describe his scientific 

and manufacturing career 602 

55 



To the perfection of what machine did Mergenthaler devote 

many years? By what name is it known? 804 

Name two military inventions produced by Crozier 571 

With whom was Acheson associated in his experiments? 

What resulted from his discovery of carborundum? 440 

When did Ives invent the process of half-tone engraving? In 

what did his experiments in color photography result?. . 736 

Name some of Tesla's electrical inventions. What advance 

was made possible through Tesla's work? 893 

Through what important invention did Hewitt become promi- 
nent? Explain his incandescent lamp ■ 708 

Sketch C. M. Hall's development of the aluminum industry. . 686 

Name and give the achievements of five American inventors 

elected to the hall of fame. 645-A, 918-H, 561-F, 337, 722-B 

READING AND REFERENCE: Mowry, American Inventions 
and Inventors; lies, Leading American Inventors; Perry, 
Four American Inventors ; Taussig, Inventors and Money- 
Makers; Thompson, How to Make Inventions ; Adams, Me- 
chanical and Electrical Inventions ; Baker, The Boys' Book 
of Inventions ; Edelman, Inventions and Patents. 

WORLD MEDICINE 

Who is the most celebrated physician of antiquity? When 
and where did he practice? State the character and 
extent of his writings. To what did he ascribe the causa- 
tion of disease? Describe his character and ideals. What 
does the Hippocratic oath perpetuate? 712-A 

When did Erasistratus flourish? Of what philosopher was 

he a pupil? State his contributions to medicine 612 

What did Dioscorides do while physician to the Roman 
armies? What did his Materia Medica embrace? On 
what subjects and for how long was this work an au- 
thority? 591 

What is said of the medical skill of Aretseus? 457 

Where did Galen study medicine? Where did he later prac- 
tice? How was he regarded by Marcus Aurelius? Dis- 
cuss the nature and extent of his medical writings. 
What element in diagnosis was he the first to empha- 
size? State the influence of his medical works '. 647 

What Arabian philosopher was long regarded indisputable 

authority in medicine? Sketch his life 464-H 

What service to medicine did Linacre perform? 776 

56 



State the influence of Paracelsus upon medical methods. 
What famous teachers did he disavow? What improve- 
ments did he introduce? 828 

Where did HARVEY begin to teach his views on the function 

of the heart and the motion of the blood?. . , 303 

Discuss the influence of HARVEY on the progress of medi- 
cine. Give his views on the value of dissection 306 

Discuss Graaf's contributions to medicine 671 

Who was the most noted physician of the eighteenth cen- 
tury? How did he give clinical instruction? Relate 
incidents showing his wide fame 497-E 

What method of examining the lungs was originated by 

Auenbrugger? State its value in medicine 463 

In what field was Hunter distinguished? Name his famous 

operation. To what did it lead? 727 

What English physician discovered vaccination? Of what 
eminent physician was he a pupil? Discuss the history 
and value of his discovery 742- A 

How was Hahnemann led to the rediscovery of Hippocrates' 
"law of similars?" What did he hold to be the funda- 
mental principle underlying this law? 684 

For what was Abernethy noted? Mention personal charac- 
teristics. What is said of his writings?. 440 

What French physician became noted for his treatment of 

the insane? How did he effect cures? 613-D 

What important discovery was made by Bright? 511 

What physician first used chloroform as an anesthetic? Into 

what field did he introduce its use? 877-E 

What important instruments were invented by HELM- 

HOLTZ? Discuss the principle of the ophthalmoscope. . 349 

Discuss the contributions of Pasteur to modern medicine. 
What researches led to the study of specific germs? 
How did he combat silkworm disease, fowl-cholera, and 
anthrax? What treatment did he apply to hydrophobia? 
Of what science is he the founder? 830 

Name Lister's great contribution to modern surgery 777 

What Swiss surgeon became famous for his researches on 
the thyroid gland and the treatment of goiter? What 
honor was awarded him ? 762-D 

Sketch the medical career of Laveran. Name his great dis- 
covery. What prizes were awarded him? 771 

At what universities was Osier made professor of medicine? 

State his influence as a teacher 824 

57 



What theory was formulated by Metchnikoff? To what dis- 
covery did this lead? What medical honor did he re- 
ceive with Ehrlich ? 804 

State Pavlov's chief contributions to medicine. When did 

he receive a Nobel prize? 831 

What French physiologist made valuable studies in serum 

therapy? How was this work recognized? 854-C 

For what researches has Guiteras become famous? What 

service did he perform in the Santiago campaign? 681 

Who first isolated and described the germ of diphtheria? 

Mention other contributions to medicine 779-G 

What physician discovered diphtheria antitoxin? What medi- 
cal honor was awarded him? 481-E 

Sketch the career of Ehrlich. Mention his important re- 
searches. Of what value is his discovery of salvarsan 
and neo-salvarsan? What honors did he receive? State 
his rank among pathologists 606 

What discovery concerning malaria was made Dy Ross? 

What honor was awarded him? 859 

Sketch the early life and education of Finsen. How did he 
prevent scars and pitting in smallpox? What diseases 
did he treat with actinic rays of light? What invention 
did he make? When was he awarded a Nobel prize?. . . 625 

Who introduced the successful method of immunization 

against typhoid? Sketch his career 928-C 

READING AND REFERENCE: Garrison, History of Medicine; 
Buck, Growth of Medicine; Robinson, Pathfinders in Medi- 
cine; Walsh, Makers of Modern Medicine; Macfie, The Ro- 
mance of Medicine; Paget, Pasteur and After Pasteur; Rey- 
nolds, System of Medicine. 

AMERICAN MEDICINE 

What eminent early American physician was a signer of 
the Declaration of Independence? What medical col- 
lege and dispensary did he found? Mention writings. .862-B 

With whom did Bache prepare a pharmacopeia? When was 

the United States Dispensatory published? 465 

At what date did Long first administer ether in a surgical 

operation? Did he announce the results? 780 

When did Jackson claim to have discovered the anesthetic 
effects of ether? What award was made him by the 
French academy? Was Long's use. of ether then known? 736 

58 



Where and when did Morton become acquainted with the 
value of ether as a local anesthetic? For what did he 
first employ it? To whom did he impart his knowledge? 
By whom was surgical anesthesia made known to the 
public? 812 

What local anesthetic was introduced into dentistry and 

surgery by Wells ? Where and at what date? 915 

Sketch briefly the professional career of Agnew.. 444 

Who was the first woman in the United States to receive 

the degree of M.D.? What school did she organize?. . .494-B 

For what method of treatment was Weir Mitchell noted? 

Name important medical writings 807 

Outline the career of Jacobi. Name important works con- 
cerning diseases of children 737-D 

Sketch the life of Austin Flint. In what institution was he 

professor? For what writings is he known? 630 

Sketch the career of Keen. To what chair of surgery did he 

rise? Mention some of his works 754 

Who became in 1893 surgeon-general of the United States? 

Name important writings 883-G 

In what fields was Billings distinguished? Name some of 

his valuable works 491 

In what diseases did E. G. Janeway become an eminent 

consultant? State his services to medicine 739 

State the nature and value of Pepper's services to the uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania 834 

What noted surgeon became an authority on appendicitis? 

Of what value is "McBurney's point?" 787-B 

In what diseases did Hamilton gain eminence as specialist? 

In what trial was he called as expert? 688 

Where was Welch professor of pathology? With what in- 
stitute for research did he become connected? On 
what subject is his work authoritative? 914 

What discovery concerning typhoid fever was made by 

Reed? What did he prove concerning yellow fever?.. 850 

What American sanitarian banished yellow fever from 

Havana? What did he accomplish at Panama? 668-1 

In what department of medicine did Kelly attain eminence? 756 

Sketch the surgical work of the brothers Mayo. Describe 
the importance and extent of their clinic. For what 
operations is each widely known? 801 

Of what institute for medical research was Flexner made 

director? State subjects of his investigations 630 

59 



On what diseases is Jelliffe an authority? Name important 

works written or edited by him ' 741 

Describe the career of Alexis Carrel. By what discoveries 
has he become famous? What have his investigations 
proved? Of what subjects do his writings treat? When 
did he receive the Nobel prize for medicine? 533 

READING AND REFERENCE: Packard, History of Medicine in 
the United States; Park, Epitome of the History of Medicine; 
Evans, Medical Science of To-day; Hillier, Medical and Surgi- 
cal Science; Lee, Scientific Features of Modern Medicine; 
Ditman, Education and Preventive Medicine; Mitchell, Doctor 
and Patient; Brady, Personal Health; Hutchinson, Prevent- 
able Diseases; Campbell, The Language of Medicine; Emer- 
son, Essentials of Medicine; Osier, The Principles and Prac- 
tice of Medicine. 

COMMERCE— INDUSTRY— FINANCE 

READING AND REFERENCE: Bogart, Economic History of 
the United States.; Wright, Industrial Evolution of the United 
States; Laughlin, Industrial America; Johnson, History of 
Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the United States; Dewey, 
Financial History of the United States. 

FINANCE 

Discuss Gresham's right to a place among world financiers. 

To what did he devote his fortune? 676 

By whom was the British national debt established? What 

led to the founding of the bank of England? 686- A 

Who stands foremost among French financiers? Briefly 

sketch his career 816-F 

What Jewish family has become world famous as bankers? 
Tell something of the origin of the name and the busi- 
ness. Name five cities in which branches were estab- 
lished. Which member raised the family to its high 
place? Give an instance of his sagacity and foresight. 
How was the younger Nathan honored by Great 
Britain? Give an estimate of the family wealth at the 
time of his death 860-B 

What American university was founded by Cornell? To 

what did he devote his active life? 563 

In whose service did August Belmont come to America? 
By whom was he succeeded in New York? In what 
other enterprises is the son engaged? 483 

60 






Where did Russell Sage first engage in business? With 
whom was he associated after he settled in New York? 
Name institutions aided by his wealth 863 

Who was the projector of the first Atlantic cable? Name 
two of his associates. How many years after the laying 
of the first cable was the project successfully com- 
pleted? How was the promoter rewarded? 623-G 

In what branch of finance has H. L. Higginson been success- 
ful? 709 

Whom may we consider the greatest woman financier? 

Sketch her career 675-A 

Outline the financial career of Gage. What cabinet post did 

he fill? 646 

Where did Jay Gould acquire extensive railway interests? 

State how he developed them 670 

Who is considered America's greatest genius in industrial 

organization? Make an outline of his achievements 811-C 

What American amassed the largest private fortune in the 
world? When did he establish his chief business? How 
is it now operated? Mention four specific gifts to educa- 
tion. Compare the total with Carnegie's donations. .856-G, 531 

Briefly outline the life and achievements of Vail 903 

What city was named for Gary? Explain his association 

with the United States steel corporation 652 

Name prominent banks of which Hepburn has been head. . . 705 

State William Waldorf Astor's relation to the founder of 

the Astor fortune. Estimate his personal wealth 462 

At what age did T. F. Ryan join the stock exchange? Name 

enterprises with which he was actively engaged 863 

Outline the banking career of Forgan 632 

In connection with what business did Perkins begin his 

career? Briefly sketch his achievements 834 

Give the chief facts in the career of Vanderlip 904 

READING AND REFERENCE: Adams, The Science of Finance; 
Bolles, Money, Banking and Finance; Cleveland, Funds and 
Their Uses; Rollins, Money and Investments ; Bohm-Bawerk, 
Capital and Interest; Cahn, Capital To-Day; Fisher, The Na- 
ture of Capital and Income; Lough, Business Finance; 
Daniels, Elements of Public Finance; Plehn, Introduction to 
Public Finance; Todd, The Mechanism of Exchange; Withers, 
International Finance; Conant, Principles of Money and 
Banking; Steele, Present-Day Banking; White, Money and 
Banking; Fiske, The Modern Bank. 

61 



MANUFACTURING 

For what is Alstroemer noted? Name the greatest obstacle 
he had to overcome. By what steps did he accomplish 
his aim? In what fields did Sweden become prosperous 
through his efforts? 450 

What famous works did Boulton establish? Who became his 

partner? What did they manufacture? 504, 319 

Sketch Wedgwood's early life and training. What new type 
of earthenware did he produce? Where did he gain his 
incentive to make artistic pottery? What place has 
been accorded Wedgwood in the history of pottery? 
What grandson became a famous scientist? 914 

In what business were Amos Lawrence and his brother en- 
gaged? How did Amos dispose of his fortune? 771 

Who established the first Bessemer steel works in Germany? 

Along what line did he develop the steel industry?. .. .764-G 

In what industry has Spreckels been prominent? 881 

In what business did Pullman engage after locating in Chi- 
cago? Into what did he develop this? 845 

How was Carnegie employed until his sixteenth year? Out- 
line his connection with the development of the steel in- 
dustry. How has Carnegie contributed to general edu- 
cation? Describe the extent of his benefactions 531 

Who owns the second largest interest in the United States 

steel corporation? Sketch his career 838-A 

What education did Douglas receive? Sketch his achieve- 
ments in the shoe industry 595 

Outline Frick's success in developing the coke industry 642 

Describe L. C. Smith's career as a manufacturer of type- 
writers. How did he aid scientific education? 879 

What did W. M. Crane extensively manufacture? 567 

Sketch the education and career of E. S. Draper 596 

In what did Flavelle successfully engage? Illustrate his in- 
terest in education 628 

Mention five steps in Schwab's manufacturing career 869 

Who built up the largest automobile manufacturing plant in 
the world? Give statistics to show the extent of his 
business. Upon what plan is it now operated? 632-B 

Who succeeded Schwab as president of the Carnegie steel 

company? How did he prepare for his work? 562-G 

Sketch briefly Dohme's scientific education. In what branch 

of manufacturing did he engage? 592 

62 



READING AND REFERENCE: Lane, Industries of To-Day; 
Cochrane, Modern Industrial Progress; Gordon, Foundry, 
Forge and Factory; Jeans, Creators of the Age of Steel; 
Hearson, Manufacture of Iron and Steel; Bagnall, The Textile 
Industries of the United States; Gibson, The Romance of 
Modern Manufacture; Carpenter, How the World is Housed; 
Chamberlain, How We Are Clothed; Williams, How It Is 
Made. 

MERCHANDISING 

What historic building in Boston was named after a colonial 
merchant? Why has it been called the "cradle of Ameri- 
can liberty?" 618-1 

At what age did McGill emigrate to Canada? In what busi- 
ness did he engage? How did he serve his country? 
How did McGill use his wealth? 788 

How did Girard accumulate wealth? Describe his charac- 
teristics. To what did he bequeath his fortune? 663 

Sketch the history and extent of the fur business developed 
by John Jacob Astor. Why did he establish Astoria? 
W T hat estimate was placed on his wealth? 461 

In what line of merchandising was Stewart engaged? With 
what success? What was the rank of his Broadway 
store? To what extent was the business developed? 884 

In what trade did Tiffany make immense profits? What is 
his place among jewelers? What silver standard was 
adopted by this firm? 897 

What kind of business is carried on by Armour and Co.? 
Name two lines that largely contributed to Armour's 
wealth. Give an estimate of his fortune 458 

Who developed the largest dry-goods business in the world? 
By what successive steps did he attain this? What great 
institution did he found? 624-D 

Of what merchandising firm was Ogden a member? Through 

what work did he become most widely known? 822 

Where did Wanamaker enter mercantile life? Describe his 
success. When did he reopen Stewart's Broadway store? 
When and in what capacity was he a cabinet member?. . 911 

Who originated mail-order merchandising? Where did he 
get his first business experience? Why should his service 
with Marshall Field and Co. have been valuable to him? 
When did he establish his mail-order house? Give fig- 
ures showing the growth of the business 911-C 

63 



In what business did Francis engage? ' With what success? 

Mention executive positions held by him 636 

In what merchandising lines has Lip ton specialized? Where 

are his interests located? Name his favorite sport 777 

What type of merchandising was developed by Wool worth? 
Where did he open his first store? What building is a 
monument to his success? Describe it 927 

READING AND REFERENCE: Webster, General History of 
Commerce; Yeats, Natural History of Commerce; Oxley, The 
Romance of Commerce; Bourne, The Romance of Trade; 
Brown, Principles of Commerce; Stoddard, Men of Business; 
Brandeis, Business — a Profession; Carnegie, The Empire of 
Business; Brisco, The Economics of Business; Emery, Every- 
day Business; Higinbotham, The Making of a Merchant; Far- 
rington, Store Management; Hotchkin, Manual of Successful 
Storekeeping ; Hollingworth, Advertising and Selling; Mar- 
den, Selling Things; Corbion, Salesmanship. 

RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT 

In what business did Vanderbilt first engage? With what 
success? When did he transfer his capital to railroads? 
Give successive steps by which he extended his inter- 
ests. Estimate his fortune 903 

How was Baron Strathcona connected with the development 

of the Canadian Pacific railroad? , 885 

Why did Stanford go to California? With what great rail- 
road was he prominently connected? 881 

What purchase marked the beginning of Hill's career as a 
railway builder? To what extent did he develop the 
Great Northern system? 710 

Who organized the "Big Four" system? How? 732-C 

Outline Harahan's association with railroads 691 

Sketch the career of Van Home in railway service. Name 

his positions with the Canadian Pacific 904 

Name three important railroads of which Harriman was 
president or director. Three transportation companies. 
What executive qualities distinguished Harriman? State 
one exception to his constructive policy 693 

Summarize Huntington's career. With the development of 

what section has he been actively connected? 728 

Describe Stuyvesant Fish's relations with railways 626 

Outline Shaughnessy's career with the Canadian Pacific 873 

64 



Name three fields of work in which Shonts engaged. What 

important post was offered him "by Roosevelt? 875 

What was Lovett's position with the Harriman roads? How 

was he connected with the Union Pacific? 783, 693 

Outline the railroad, career of Jay Gould. State the extent 

of the Gould system. How did he form it? 670 

READING AND REFERENCE: Hungerford, The Modern Rail- 
road; Pr other oe, The Railways of the World; Talbot, .The 
Railway Conquest of the World; Williams, The Wonders of 
the Modern Railway; Kirkman, The Science of Railways; 
Hadley, Railroad Transportation; Adams, Railroads; Johnson, 
Railway Traffic and Rates; Morris, Railroad Administration. 

EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY 

Who was Marco Polo? Sketch his life. Where did he write 

his travels? How was this work valuable? 842 

To what nation belongs the credit for discovering the Cape 

of Good Hope? Explain the circumstances 589-C 

State the value of the early studies of COLUMBUS in his 
work of exploration. What did he consider the influence 
of the art of navigation? From whom did he receive a 
dower of geographical knowledge? 279 

How many voyages of discovery did COLUMBUS make? 
Give the results of each. What did COLUMBUS believe 
that he had discovered? 279-285 

Describe the treatment COLUMBUS received 284-285 

Whose name was given to the American continent? State 
the circumstances. How long after COLUMBUS' dis- 
covery? 906-H, 279 

Who made the first globe? Where is it preserved? 481-D 

What was the object of Vasco da Gama's first important ex- 
pedition? Outline its results. When was Da Gama 
again called to serve in India? How did he succeed?. . 649 

Who named the Pacific ocean? Why did he so name it? 
What passage did he discover? State the facts proving 
that he circumnavigated the globe 792-A 

What shores of the United States did Verrazano explore?. . 906 

Name two famous early English navigators who searched 

for a northwest passage 642-1, 581-A 

What regions did Frobisher explore? How did he dis- 
tinguish himself? What is his rank among England's 
great men? " 642 

65 



What three names are preeminent among early arctic ex- 
plorers? What islands were discovered by Davis? 581-A 

What famous navigator wrote Three Voyages Round the 

World? Mention his achievements 560-G 

When did the French first circumnavigate the globe? Who 

deserves the credit? What fame did this win for France ?.504-C 

Name two Scottish explorers whose work was done in 

Africa. What rivers did they explore? 515-G, 828-B 

Where is Laperouse strait? When and by whom discovered ?.769-F 

Briefly describe Mungo Park's explorations in Africa. How 

were the facts of his last journey made known? 828 

Summarize the explorations of Flinders. State their value. 630 

For what purpose was Sir John Franklin sent out in 1818? 
How many voyages did he undertake? What befell his 
final expedition? To what honor is he entitled? 637 

What noted exploring expedition did Wilkes command? 

Who accompanied the voyage? 920 

Who discovered Victoria land? How many arctic voyages 

were made by this explorer? Antarctic? 859-F 

At what age did Livingstone first go to Africa? State his 
purpose. Sketch his work in the African interior. 
When did he undertake his third journey? What was 
its object? 777 

Who finally found Livingstone ? What is the greatest result 

of Livingstone's work 1 ? 777 

Who was the first American arctic explorer of note? Briefly 

sketch his arctic travels 753-F 

What important lake was discovered by S. W. Baker? 468 

Describe the African explorations of Barth. Mention impor- 
tant discoveries. Two features of his work 475 

Name two English explorers who together undertook a no- 
table African journey? What was its result? 523-G, 881-A 

Briefly outline the career of Sir R. F. Burton. 523 

What great discovery did Speke make? How and when did 

he verify his theory of the Nile sources? 881 

To what country belongs the credit for discovering the 

northeast passage? Through whose work? 820-D 

Of what scientific value were Du Chaillu's explorations in 

Africa? Name two remarkable results 598 

Where did Przhevalski conduct explorations? What dis- 
covery did he make? How much time had elapsed since 
the work of Marco Polo? What discoveries and collec- 
tions were made during Przhevalski's explorations?. . .845, 842 



What was the object of Stanley's first African expedition? 

Name the most remarkable achievement of his second 

journey. Mention African explorers rescued by Stanley. 882 
What polar record was made by Greely? How long did he 

stay in the north? By whom rescued? 674 

State the object of Schwatka's first arctic expedition. What 

two works are the records of this journey? Where did 

Schwatka make his last explorations?. 869 

In whose service did De Brazza explore equatorial Africa?. . 509 
Of what famous arctic expedition was Lockwood a member? 

What part did he take in establishing a new "farthest 

north" record? What discovery did he make? 779 

Sketch briefly Sverdrup's arctic explorations. Mention his 

discoveries in Ellesmere land 888 

How many arctic expeditions were undertaken by Peary 

prior to 1900? State one fact regarding each. When 

did he make his first attempt to reach the north pole? 

When did he finally reach the pole? 832 

Name books recording Johnston's African expeditions 747 

Briefly describe Nansen's arctic explorations. Outline his 

scientific career 815 

What noted English woman conducted important African 

explorations? Briefly describe her journeys 759-H 

In what little known regions did Younghusband travel?. . . . 932 
Make a brief sketch of Borchgrevink's expedition in the 

Southern Cross. Name his work describing it 502 

What parts of Asia were explored by Hedin? In what works 

are his explorations recorded? 700 

What is Landor's record in mountaineering? Describe his 

other achievements '. 767 

Who discovered the south pole? When? Mention important 

results of his arctic expedition of 1903 451-1 

What latitude did Scott reach on his first antarctic voyage? 

How many miles did he cover by sledge on his journey 

to the south pole? What was his fate? 870 

State one fact regarding the duke of Abruzzi's exploring 

work in Alaska. In the arctic regions. In Africa 440 

What notable antarctic exploring records were established 

by Shackleton? 873 

Sketch Stefansson's early life and education. Describe his 

arctic explorations and discoveries 883 

Sketch briefly the discoveries made by Mawson's antarctic 

expeditions. What is their scientific value? 800 

67 



READING AND REFERENCE: Marco Polo, The Book of Marco 
Polo; Winsor, Christopher Columbus; Markham, Christopher 
, Columbus; Hakluyt, Voyages; Cook, Three Voyages Round 
the World; Bougainville, Voyage Around the World. 

Asia: Bookwalter, Siberia and Central Asia; Hedin, Through 
Asia; Hedin, Trans-Himalaya; Younghusnand, India and 
Tibet: Within; Przhevalski, Travels in Mongolia; Przheval- 
ski, From Kulja Across the Tian-Shan to Lob-nor; Landor, 
Tibet and Nepal. 

Africa: Bruce, Travels to Discover the Sources of the Nile; 
Mungo Park, Travels in the Interior of Africa; Barth, Travels 
and Discoveries in North and Central Africa; Baker, The 
Albert Nyanza; Speke, Discovery of the Source of the Nile; 
Du Chaillu, Country of the Dwarfs; Burton, Lake Regions of 
Equatorial Africa; Livingstone, The Zambesi and Its Trib- 
utaries; Stanley, Through the Dark Continent; Stanley, In 
Darkest Africa. 

Australia: Flinders, Voyages to Terra Australis; Grimm,, 
Discovery and Exploration of Australia; Calvert, Exploration 
of Australia; Giles, Australia Twice Traversed. 

North America: See American History, Period of Discov- 
ery; Fiske, Discovery of America; Bourne, Narratives of 
De Soto; Winship, Coronado Expedition; Meany, Vancouver's 
Discovery of Puget Sound; Lewis and Clark, Expedition to 
the Sources of the Missouri River; Pike, Expedition to the 
Sources of the Mississippi; Slafter, Voyages of the Northmen; 
Schwatka, Along Alaska's Great River; Stefansson, Ste- 
fdnsson-Anderson Expedition. 

South America: Bourne, Spain in America; Helps', Spanish 
Conquest of America; Humboldt, Journey to the Equinoctial 
Regions of the New Continent; Marcoy, Journey Across 
South America; Osborn, The Andean Land; Orton, The Andes 
and the Amazon; Post, Across the Andes; Bingham, Across 
South America. 

Polar Research: Greely, Handbook of Polar Discoveries ; 
Kane, Arctic Explorations; Nansen, Farthest North; Peary, 
Northward Over the Great Ice; Duke of Abruzzi, On the Polar 
Star in the Arctic Sea; Peary, The North Pole; Borehgrevink, 
First on the Antarctic Continent; Shackleton, Heart of the 
Antarctic; Amundsen, The South Pole; Turley, Voyages of 
Captain Scott; Mawson, Home of the Blizzard. 



HISTORY OF EDUCATION 

GENERAL, WORKS FOR STUDY, READING, AND REFER- 
ENCE: Cubberley, Syllabus in the History of Education; 
Duggan, Student's Text-Book in the History of Education; 
Graves, History of Education; Monroe, Text-Book in the 
History of Education; Monroe, Cyclopedia of Education. 

ANCIENT EDUCATION 

What group of teachers held an important place in the life 

of Athens in the time of SOCRATES? 218 

Mention a representative sophist and one of his sayings 845-B 

On what basis did SOCRATES rest the whole problem of 
education? Enumerate qualities which made him fit to 
teach. What special interests gave him active under- 
standing of life problems? 218-219 

Give ways in which SOCRATES differed from other philoso- 
phers of his day; his pupils from those of the sophists. 
Point out the educational significance 218-219 

What subjects did most men feel required definite knowl- 
edge? Give SOCRATES' position. What was his method 
of proving to men their lack? Whom did he choose for 
this delicate humiliation? Why did he select these?. .219-220 

Besides the ironic element in the teaching of SOCRATES, 

what constructive element was employed with it?. . . .222, 218 

How is it necessary to study SOCRATES? Give the reason. 221 

To what subjects would SOCRATES' method of question- 
ing limit education? Name some subjects whose con- 
tent could not be gained in this manner. Give SOC- 
RATES' attitude toward the sciences. State his reason 
for this 221 

Give proofs from the text of SOCRATES' three permanent 
contributions to education: the universal value of 
knowledge, the process by which knowledge is obtained, 
the importance of the power of thought 218-223 

How did PLATO regard the fundamental principle of SOC- 
RATES? What doctrine did PLATO hold besides the 
theory of knowledge? What meaning did "ideas" con- 
vey to PLATO? 225-226 

Give proof of the democratic element in the work of SOC- 
RATES. Contrast PLATO with his master 219, 224 



In what is PLATO'S educational system preserved to us? 
Point out its aristocratic tendency. What qualities 
decided who should constitute the governing class? 
State the importance of education in this ideal state. 
Give PLATO'S attitude on the education of women.... 226 

Give proofs of the practical influence of PLATO on all suc- 
ceeding education 227-228 

What Greek teacher represented the transition from the 

philosophical schools to the rhetorical schools? 735-D 

What philosopher represents the culmination of Greek in- 
tellectual life? Under what master did he study? 228 

In what schools were the youth of Athens trained for public 
life? What did they learn? What was the attitude of 
ARISTOTLE toward this training? Name a rhetorician 
whom ARISTOTLE severely attacked 229 

Compare the range of interests of PLATO and ARISTOTLE. 

Account for ARISTOTLE'S scientific tendency 230 

What did ARISTOTLE regard as the object of all ethical 
inquiry? State differences between this practical aim 
and the fundamental principle of SOCRATES and 
PLATO 232 

In what work is the genius of ARISTOTLE most clearly re- 
vealed? Outline the plan of this treatise 232 

When did ARISTOTLE feel that the discipline of life should 
begin? State his attitude toward environment. To 
what end would ARISTOTLE naturally direct education? 233 

In what work does ARISTOTLE give his system of formal 

logic? State its value in modern thinking 231 

Discuss the relation between the metaphysical system of 
ARISTOTLE and Christian theology, and the conse- 
quent influence on education 233 

Name a representative man in Germany, in Prance, and in 

Great Britain who promoted Aristotelian study 234 

Speak of the preparation CICERO felt necessary for the 
orator. In what work does he emphasize these ideals of 
education ? 26 

What educational material may be found in CICERO'S phil- 
osophical treatises? To whom were the Familiar Letters 
addressed? What is their value? 29 

What Latin educator was the first to work under a fixed 

salary? By whom was this custom established? 847-F 

Name Quintilian's best known work; state its educational 

value 847 

70 



READING AND REFERENCE: Burnet, Aristotle on Education; 
Clark, Education of the Children at Rome; Davidaon, Educa- 
tion of the Greek People; Hobhouse, Ancient Education; 
Lane, Elementary Greek Education; Laurie, Pre-Christian 
Education; Mahaffy, Old Greek Education; Quintilian, Insti- 
tutes of Oratory; Thomas, Roman Life Under the Cwsars; 
West, The Ancient World. 

MEDIEVAL EDUCATION 

With what school was Clement associated? Whom did he 

succeed and by whom was he followed? 551, 824-C 

In what way was Saint Benedict connected with the history 
of education? Of what order was he the founder? Where 
did he establish a monastery? Give its rank 484 

Through what work did the early half of the middle ages 
receive most of its ideas of the ancient philosophers and 
moralists? Where was this work written? 497-F 

Name one of the most distinguished representatives of me- 
dieval learning. Of what value was his work?. 735-B 

To what English monk are we indebted for an early history 

of England? By whom was it translated? 4S0-A 

Who was the most distinguished scholar of the eighth cen- 
tury? To whom was he educational adviser? 447-B 

What resulted from CHARLEMAGNE'S liberal attitude 

toward education? 368 

What noted medieval scholar resided at the coint of Charles 
the Bald? In the controversy between realism and nom- 
inalism, on which side did he stand? 612-F 

Who was one of the first to lead these scholastic discussions? 

Of what famous school did he become abbot? 454-G 

Name five other noted schoolmen. . .466-F, 499-G, 234, 600-F, 821-H 

Name the boldest scholastic teacher of the twelfth century. .439-H 

Who was the most famous scholastic philosopher? Name 

some of the titles by which he was known 234, 237 

Where did AQUINAS begin his teaching career? In what 
city did he next teach? Speak of his fitness for this 
work. Account for the place he gained among the 
theologians 234-235 

What qualities are notable in the work of AQUINAS? Give 

the conditions which the schoolmen faced 235 

Who opposed the doctrines of AQUINAS? State the differ- 
ences between the schools, and the outcome of the con- 
troversy 236-237 

71 



State a great service which AQUINAS rendered to philos- 
ophy. Show why his work in this direction was val- 
uable 236-237 

What English scholastic revived the doctrine of nominalism?. 821-H 
READING AND REFERENCE: Drane, Christian Schools and 
Scholars; Mullinger, The Schools of Charles the Great; 
Rashdall, Universities of Europe During the Middle Ages; 
West, Alcuin and the Rise of Christian Schools; Williams, 
Education During the Middle Ages. 

MODERN EDUCATION 

What service did Colet render to education? How is his 

name connected with Erasmus? With Lily? 556 

Who is supposed to have been the first to teach Greek pub- 
licly at Oxford? Name prominent humanists among 
his friends 679-A 

Upon what does Linacre's permanent fame rest? Mention 

other early teachers of Greek 776 

Who was the first head master of St. Paul's school, London? 

Of what authoritative textbook was he the author? 776- A 

How did Erasmus contribute to the advance of education? 
What was his rank among the scholars of the renais- 
sance? 612 

What qualities did Melanchthon bring to the work of the 

reformation and to education? 802 

Through what medium did Rabelais attack the shallow life 

of his period? Name his most important works 847 

Speak briefly of Sturm's educational work and influence 887 

What noted Greek scholar was at one time tutor to Lady 

Elizabeth? How did he serve the public schools? 461-A 

Through what work has MONTAIGNE most influenced edu- 
cational ideals and methods? 41 

Who was Richard Mulcaster? With what two noted schools 

was he connected? Name his important works 813 

What work contains Comenius' theory of education? What 
other books did he write? Which was the first illus- 
trated textbook? How does Comenius rank in the his- 
tory of education? Why? 557 

What eminent contemporary of Comenius wrote an interest- 
ing tractate on education? 53 

In what are LOCKE'S educational ideals set forth? 252 

Sketch the educational achievements of Basedow. What 

practical educators later carried out his ideas? 476 

72 



"Who wrote Emile? Discuss his influence upon education. . .860-D 

Who was Oberlin? How is his name perpetuated? 821 

Outline the work of Pestalozzi as a teacher. Discuss his 

influence on later educational methods and principles... 835 

What Swiss educator ranks next to Pestalozzi? In what 

countries was his influence felt? 663-A 

Who first employed the monitorial system? Where did he 

try the experiment? State its success 482-A 

WHhat is meant by the Lancasterian system *of instruction? 

Upon whose work was it founded? 767-G 

Who was the inventor of the "universal method" of educa- 
tion ? Briefly state its principles 738-B 

What name is indissolubly connected with the psychological 
movement in education? Give some of the chief points 
in his system of education 705-H 

To whom are we indebted for the kindergarten system? 
Where was the first school established? Discuss his in- 
fluence on modern education. Name important writings. 6 42-H 

W^ith what famous school was Thomas Arnold associated? 

How did he improve secondary education? 459 

What educational idea did Beneke oppose? What noted 

educators embraced his principles? 484 

What was the dominant idea of Diesterweg's system? What 
function of the school did he emphasize? What ulti- 
mate object did he seek to accomplish? 590 

W r hat services did Cousin render to education? 565 

What noted work by CHARLES DARWIN helped to create 

a demand for science in the school curriculum? 344 

Name a noted representative of the Herbartian theory in 
Germany. For what does he deserve credit? By whom 
were his principles adopted in America? 935-B 

Mention SPENCER'S contribution to education 272-273 

Who was the first lecturer on the history of education at 

Cambridge? What textbook did he write? 847-A 

For what profession was Maria Montessori educated? What 
noteworthy fact is connected with her degree? Upon 
what experience were her educational principles found- 
ed? Of what do the essentials of her system consist?. . 809 

Education of Defective Classes 
To what American physician do the blind owe a debt of grati- 
tude? Where did he establish a school? Name a remark- 
able pupil 722-E 

73 



Name a noted French teacher of the blind. What condition 
gave him peculiar fellowship with his pupils? What sys- 
tem did he devise and perfect? 508-B 

What deaf, dumb, and blind girl has attracted world-wide 
attention? Who supervised her education? Give proof 
of 'the extent to which this education was carried. .755-E 

What name is associated with the first definite efforts to 

instruct deaf mutes? What did he found? 611-G 

Who was the pioneer instructor of deaf mutes in the United 

States? What institution did he establish? 648-E 

To whom are we indebted for "visible speech?" 481-J 

What French psychologist attempted to find a standard by 
which degrees of intelligence could be measured? W T ith 
whom did he collaborate? By what name are their tests 
known? 492-B 

What noted Italian educator devoted her first efforts to the 

training of feeble-minded children? 809-D 

What English criminologist has made extensive researches 

in the psychology and social problems of sex? 609-E 

READING AND REFERENCE: Woodward, Education During 
the Renaissance; Quick, Educational Reformers; Painter, 
Luther on Education; Ward, The Counter-Reformation; 
Schwickerath, Jesuit Education; Monroe, Comenius' School 
of Infancy; Boyd, The Educational Theory of Rousseau; 
Pestalozzi, Leonard and Gertrude; Holman, Pestalozzi, His 
Life and Work; De Garmo, Heroart and Herbartians; Froebel, 
Pedagogics of the Kindergarten; Spencer, Education; Huxley, 
Science and Education; Person, Industrial Education; 
Montessori, The Montessori Method; Cubberley, The Educa- 
tional Ideal; Misawa, Modern Educators and Their Ideals; 
Dewey, Schools of To-morrow. 

AMERICAN EDUCATION 

How did FRANKLIN aid the cause of education ? 393 

Discuss the work of Horace Mann as an educational reformer. 
What was the effect of his ideas on the work of American 
teachers? Where and when was the first normal school 
established? Of what institution is Mann called the 
father? 793 

Name the first principal of the Albany state normal school. 

What book on education did he write? 826-G 

Who was the principal of the first normal school in Pennsyl- 
vania? In what other ways is he known? 919-C 

74 



Discuss fully the "Oswego movement." 874-F 

Name a pioneer for the educational advancement of women. 

How will she be remembered? 920-H 

How did Mary Lyon promote education for women? 785 

Outline the work of Catherine Beecher for woman's education 480 
How did Elizabeth Blackwell aid in woman's education?.. 494 

Where did Alcott conduct a celebrated school? 446 

Who was the first United States commissioner of education? 

Of what publication was he the founder? 472-H 

Name the founder of the first English-speaking kindergarten 

in America. Where? 831-1 

Who first applied the Pestalozzian method to the teaching of 

history? What method did she develop? 473-A 

Give five ways in which Harris served the cause of education. 

Who was Susan Blow? 694 

Who developed the "Quincy methods?" What did he write? 

What principles did he advocate? .828-G, 935-B 

To what college did Mark Hopkins give over fifty years of 

work? How was his influence most strongly felt?.... 719 
What educational movement owes its origin to Vincent?.. 907 
Who devised and developed the elective system of education ?.607-H 
Name a noted woman educator whose career extended over 

half a century. In what fields did she serve? 931-H 

Name a psychologist who has profoundly influenced Ameri- 
can education. Which of his works is an authority?. 686-E 
Who was the leader of the Herbartian school of educators 

in the United States? Name three works 584-C 

With whom did C. A. and F. M. McMurry cooperate to found 
the national Herbart society? Name some of their 

works 791 

Who was called the "incomparable president of Wellesley?" 

Outline the career of this great teacher 827-G 

In what institution did B. T. Washington make industrial 

training effective for the negro? Sketch his life 912 

Yv x hat notable new work in education has been achieved by 

Dewey? Name three educational works 588 

What service has Gulick rendered to education? 681 

In what ways is American education indebted to Monroe?. 809 
Where has Judd applied the principles of modern experi- 
mental psychology? Name two educational works.... 751 
Briefly sketch the educational career of Wirt. Describe the 
"Gary system." Mention its chief features. How does 
it differ from the ordinary public school? 925-E 

75 



Name the educators thus far elected to the American hall of 

fame 785-H, 920-H, 793-C, 719-D 

Name six American educators prominent in establishing 
the normal school system, describing the part played by 
each 793-C, 833-B, 513-A, 826-G, 874-F, 919-C 

Name four educational pioneers active in establishing the 

kindergarten in America 831-1, 694- A, 919-P 

Name six American educators active in advancing the higher 

education of women. .785-H, 920-H, 472-F, 927-F, 827-G, 895-G 

Name and give a brief sketch of five United States commis- 
sioners of education 472-H, 603-A, 514-B, 550-H, 694-A 

Who was the founder of the first American college? What 

did he bequeath to it? When and where was it founded?. . . 696-B 

Name six noted presidents of Harvard 

799-G, 847hD, 880-1, 616-A, 607-H, 783-H 

Name five eminent professors of Harvard elected to the 

American hall of fame 443-1, 780-F, 716-1, 673-E, 784-B 

What professor of Harvard was awarded a Nobel prize?. 853-G 

When was Yale college founded? For whom was it named?. 930-G 

Mention five noted presidents of Yale 

602-C, 602-D, 927-G, 843-C, 683-C 

Name six noted professors of Yale 

877-B, 576-H, 796-1, 919- A, 781-B, 783-D 

Give examples of how wealth has aided education 

856-G, 881-H, 863-F 

READING AND REFERENCE: Dexter, History of Education 
in the United States; Butler, Education in the United States; 
Hinsdale, Horace Mann and the Common School Revival; 
Brown, Making of Our Middle Schools; Henderson, Jeffer- 
son on Public Education; Brown, Origin of American State 
Universities ; Jenks, Education for Citizenship; Dewey, The 
School and Society; Scott, Social Education; Perry, Wider 
Use of the School Plant; Smith, All the Children of All the 
People.; Kern, Among Country Schools; Knorr, Consolidated 
Rural Schools; Brown, The American High School; Barnard, 
Normal School; Bramwell and Hughes, Training of Teachers 
in the United States; Taylor, Professional Education in the 
United States; Hanus, Beginnings in Industrial Education; 
Thurston, Technical Education in the United States; Thwing, 
History of Higher Education in America; Thwing, American 
Colleges; Hadley, The Education of the American Citizen; 
Davenport, Education for Efficiency. 



76 



AMERICAN LITERATURE 

GENERAL READING, STUDY, AND REFERENCE: 

History: Richardson, American Literature, 1607-1885; Trent, 
American Literature ; Wendell, Literary History of America; 
Cairn, History of American Literature; Cambridge American 
Literature; Tyler, Literary History of the Revolution; Long, 
American Literature; Pancoast, Introduction to American 
Literature; Burton, Literary Leaders of America; Higgin- 
son and Boynton, A Reader's History of American Literature. 
Sectional Works: Lawton, The Neio England Poets; Swift, 
Brook Farm; Higginson, Old Cambridge; Nicholson, The 
Hoosiers; Painter, Poets of Virginia; Venable, Beginnings 
of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley; Baskerville, Southern 
Writers; Moses, Literature of the South; Library of Southern 
Literature. 

Selections: Stedman and Hutchinson, Library of American 
Literature; Duyckinck, Cyclopedia of American Literature; 
Bronson, American Poems and American Prose; Calhoun 
and MacAlarney, Readings from American Literature; Car- 
penter, American Prose; Stedman, An American Anthology ; 
Bronson, American Poems; Lounsbury, American Poems. 

REFERENCE: Adams, Dictionary of American Authors; Alli- 
bone, Dictionary of English Literature and British and 
American Authors; Whitcomb, Chronological Outlines of 
American Literature; Howes, American Bookmen; The 
Standard Dictionary of Facts. 

AMERICAN DRAMA 

Name the only American dramatist of eminence previous to 
1890. What was his first successful play? Mention and 
give the theme of his three best plays. Discuss* his in- 
fluence on American drama 721-D 

What noted American author wrote Shore Acres? State its 

success. Mention other popular plays written by him. .706-F 

What American woman novelist successfully dramatized 

some of her books? Which was most popular? 522-B 

Who wrote Secret Service and Held by the Enemy? Name 
other popular plays. What noted role did he dramatize 
and impersonate? What literary recognition did he 
receive? 662-B 

77 



What widely known American playwright and dramatic 
manager was born and educated in California? Of how 
many plays was he the author or collaborator? For 
what is he most distinguished? Name six of his most 
popular plays 481-G 

Sketch the early life of Augustus Thomas. Give his first 
original play. What is said of the success of his plays? 
By what qualities are they characterized? Discuss what 
is exemplified in Arizona, The Witching Hour, Alabama, 
As A Man Thinks. What literary 'honor did he receive? 895 

With what successful play did Clyde Pitch begin his dramatic 
career? For what noted actor was it written? How 
many plays did Fitch write? Name six. With whom 
does he share foremost rank among American drama- 
tists? 627 

What qualities do the plays of George Ade display? Name 

five which became widely popular 442 

Where was Charles Klein born and educated? In what 
capacity did he once act for Charles Frohman? In what 
play did David Warfield win notable success? 760, 911 

Sketch briefly the career of Moody. How is his play The 
Great Divide regarded? Mention another noteworthy 
play by Moody. To what body was lie elected member ?.810-B 

What is Josephine Preston Peabody's real name? Briefly 
sketch her early life and education. What was her 
first dramatic work? When did The Piper appear? What 
prize was awarded it? What rank did it give the 
author? 832 

Where and wiien did Percy Mackaye begin to devote him- 
self entirely to dramatic work?' Of what value are his 
contributions to poetic drama? What types of plays has 
he produced? Name six 789 

Describe the character and quality of Cohan's plays. State 
their dramatic value. Name some of his plays. When 
did he begin to devote himself entirely to writing? 554 

Sketch the education and early literary training of Eugene 
Walter. When did he begin to write dramas? State 
their type and purpose. Mention four of them...... 910 

What is Sheldon's rank among the younger American dram- 
atists? What tendencies do his dramas display? 874-E 

What noted New England woman novelist turned her atten- 
tion to play-writing in 1915? What important prize was 
awarded her drama The Children of Earth? 513-1 

78 






READING AND REFERENCE: Moses, The American Dramatist; 
Burton, The Neio American Drama; Crawford, The Romance 
of the American Drama; Mackaye, The Civic Theater; Clark, 
The British and American Drama of Today; Wegelin, Early 
American Plays; Roden, Later American Plays, 1831-1900. 

AMERICAN ESSAYS AND CRITICISM 

ESSAYS. Briefly outline Irving's literary career. Tell some- 
thing of the quality and style of his writing. How was 
his work received? How was his memory honored 
in 1910? 734 

What qualities of style characterized EMERSON'S Essays? 
State their popularity. What attractive book was the 
result of EMERSON'S second trip to Europe? What did 
EMERSON contribute to 'the Dial? In what work did 
EMERSON give a series of interesting character por- 
traits? Name great men treated in this volume 103-104 

Name subjects treated in EMERSON'S Conduct of Life. 
State its influence. What can you say of the Sovereignty 
of Ethics and The Preacher?.. 103 

In what is the key to EMERSON'S mental position found?. 104-105 

What brilliant essays did Holmes contribute to the Atlantic 
Monthly? Name the four titles of the series. Discuss 
their literary qualities 716 

Quote EMERSON'S estimate of Thoreau. What experiences 

of Thoreau's life are described in Walden? 896 

Name the author of the famous Biglow Papers. Give the 
titles of two other volumes of essays. What is said of 
his best prose? What is his rank among American 
essayists? 784-B 

Where did Ik Marvel produce most of his work? Name two 

noted volumes of essays. What did these gain for him?.807-B 

Mention three important subjects on which Higginson wrote. 

Discuss the character and style of his work 709 

Sketch the career of John Burroughs. What subjects fur- 
nished material for his writings? Name five of his books. 
Give the result of his criticism of sham natural history. 523 

Of what does Mabie's literary work chiefly consist? With 
What well-known magazine was he associated? Give the 
titles of five of his volumes of essays 786 

Sketch briefly the life of Hearn — his parentage, education, 
and early occupations. To what did he devote his 
literary gifts? Name some of his writings 699 

79 



For what writings is Henry Van Dyke best known? Name 

representative works 904 

CRITICISM, GENERAL LITERARY. What early writer did 

much to form literary taste in New England? Sketch 

his career 577-C 

Name the best known critical work of George Ticknor.. 897 

Who organized the Brook Farm community? 855-D 

In what journals did Poe's literary criticism appear? 

State its importance 841 

Outline briefly the critical work of Margaret Fuller 644 

State Whipple's influence as a critic. Name four books. . 917 
Discuss the value of Child's work as a teacher and a critic. 545 

Give the nature and range of Corson's literary criticism 564 

What is Stedman's rank among American critics? Mention 

three of his works on poetry 882 

What noted department of criticism did Howells conduct? 

Describe his literary style. State other qualities of his 

work. What is his place in American letters? Name 

one of his books of criticism 723 

Of what two great English writers was Lounsbury a keen 

student? Discuss the qualities of his work 783 

Name three critical works by Beers 480 

Sketch the literary career of Jeannette Gilder. Name some 

of her critical writings 661 

Mention four works of literary criticism by Moulton 813 

Outline the educational and literary work of Wendell. 

Discuss the nature and extent of his critical writings. 915 

Name two critical works by Woodberry 927 

What qualities gave More distinction as a literary critic? 

Under what title were his critical works chiefly written? 810 
Of what modern tendency is Amy Lowell representative? 784 
To what noted position at Harvard was Perry appointed? 

Mention representative writings 835 

SHAKESPEARIAN CRITICISM. Name four American 

Shakespearian critics 724-E, 917-K, 857-H, 645-D 

Sketch briefly the varied activities of Hudson. During 

which period did he specialize on Shakespearian study? 

Mention his chief contributions on SHAKESPEARE. . .724-E 
What was Furness's great contribution to scholarship?* 

How many of SHAKESPEARE'S plays were included in 

this? What literary recognition did Furness receive? 645 
Outline the educational and literary career of Moulton. 

Name two of his works on SHAKESPEARE 813 

80 



What widely used edition of SHAKESPEARE was edited 

by Richard G. White? By Rolfe? 917, 857 

What other important works did Rolfe publish? 857 

DRAMATIC CRITICISM. How long was Winter dramatic 
critic for the New York Tribune? For what did he be- 
come widely known? State his rank and influence 925 

In what field has Matthews achieved distinction? What 
important literary professorship did he hold? Which of 
his books might serve as a textbook on the drama? 
Name five others 800 

MUSICAL CRITICISM. Sketch the early life and education 
of Finck. When did he become a musical critic? What 
composers did he champion? What was his attitude 
toward WAGNER? Name five of his critical works. . 625 

Outline Krehbiel's work as musical critic and author. Men- 
tion five of his books on music 764 

Of what opera did Henderson write the libretto? Sketch his 

career. What do his writings include? 702 

Outline the achievements of Huneker as musical and 

dramatic critic. Where and how did he win distinction? 726 

ART CRITICISM. What noted professorship did Norton 
hold? With whom did he edit the North American 
Review? For what length of time? State his influence 
in the field of art 821-B 

Name three books on art by Samuel Benjamin 485 

For what has Brownell gained wide recognition? 515 

Where is Van Dyke professor of the history of art? Give 

the titles of three of his critical works 904-G 

READING AND REFERENCE: Emerson, Essays; Lowell, 
My Study Windows and Among My Books; Curtis, Literary 
and Social Essays; Hale, Fireside Travels; Higginson, 
Cheerful Yesterdays; Woodberry, Makers of Literature; 
Payne, Leading American Essayists; Payne, American Liter- 
ary Criticism; Gayley and Scott, Introduction to the Methods 
and Materials of Literary Criticism; Howells, Literary 
Friends and Acquaintances and Criticism in Fiction; More, 
Shelburne Essays. 

AMERICAN FICTION 

Who is regarded the founder of the American novel? Tell 
something of the character, style, and popularity of these 
early works 514-A 

What novelists immediately followed Brown? 561-E, 698-B 

81 



What is the .dominant note of Cooper's novels? Why was 
he particularly fitted to handle these subjects? Name 
his most important works 561 

Name lour well-known hooks by Hawthorne. Give char- 
acteristics of his work. What is his rank among Ameri- 
can romancers? State the reason for his journey to 
Italy. What book was the result? What American 
sculptor is mentioned? 698, 720-C 

What is the rank of Poe's prose tales? 841 

Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin? Describe its remarkable in- 
fluence and popularity. Name other novels by this 
author. How has her name been honored? 885-H 

What novel by Wallace became widely popular? 910-B 

Describe the early life of Amelia Barr. What is the char- 
acter of her writings? 473 

What American novelist was the first to introduce the labor 

question into fiction? Mention representative works. 581-C 

What is the theme of Helen Hunt Jackson's Ramona? . . . . 736 

Who is called the "dean of American letters?" Discuss the 
range, style, and volume of his work. Of what school 
of fiction did he become' leader? What is his rank 
•among American writers? State his connection with the 
American academy of arts and letters 723-A 

In what three fields did F. Hopkinson Smith become promi- 
nent? Sketch his work in fiction. Name two of his 
most popular novels. In what does he excel? 878 

What phase of American life did Bret Harte portray? Name 
three of his most successful stories; his best known 
poem. Discuss his method and style 695 

How and when did Henry James begin his literary career? 

Give the titles of five of his novels 739 

Briefly sketch the literary career of Cable. Mention six 

representative books on Southern life 525 

Who wrote Gates Ajar? Sketch her literary career 911-D 

Who wrote The Leavenivorth Case? To what branch of fic- 
tion does it belong? Name other representative writings. 674-F 

Sketch the literary achievements of Constance C. Harrison. . 694 

Who is A. S. Hardy? Name his contributions to fiction.. 692 

Discuss the characteristics of James Lane Allen's novels. 

Whom does he somewhat resemble? 449, 698-B 

Name five contemporary novelists whose chief subject was 

Southern life, and the phase discussed by each 

449-1, 664-B, 814-F, 693-G, 826-H 



Describe the career and writings of Prances Hodgson Bur- 
nett 522 

Name two women writers noted for portrayal of New Eng- 
land character. Name representative works of each.. 

743-D, 640-C 

How did the earlier and the later works of Alice French 

differ? Give some of her writings '. . 641 

What do Grant's writings include? Name five novels 672-G 

What are the chief themes of Page's novels? Name four 

of the best known 826-H 

Outline briefly the literary career of F. Marion Crawford. 

Discuss his Saracinesca series 567 

Who wrote When Knighthood Was in Flower? Name other 

works 792-D 

Who wrote "Old Chester" stories? What is her position 

among American women writers? 584-G 

Sketch the early life of Hough. Name four western stories. 720 
Into what three classes may Gertrude Atherton's writings 
be divided? Who is the central figure in The Con- ■ 

querorf 462 

Which is most successful of the novels of Irving Bacheller? 465 

Who wrote Main-Traveled Roads? What is its style? 651-0 

Mention a point of similarity in the works of Owen Wister, 

Emerson Hough, and Stewart Edward White. 925, 720, 918 
Who wrote Madame Butterfly? In what forms is this known ?.780-E 
What two stories by Ella Higginson were awarded prizes? 709 
By what pseudonym is W. S. Porter commonly known? 
Discuss the qualities of his work. What is his place 

among modern writers of short stories? 843 

Name two writers whose work portrays Kentucky life.635-B, 449-1 
Sketch the literary career of Richard Harding Davis, Dis- 
cuss the style and quality of his novels 581 

Who wrote The Clansman? Name other popular works.. 592-C 
Why was Ford educated privately? Name four of his novels.632-D 
Who wrote The House of a Thousand Candles? Who is the 

subject of his story The Poet? 818-G 

What are the chief themes of Phillips's novels? 837 

Give three vital subjects treated in the novels of Herrick. 

With what two prominent writers may he be compared ?.707-D 
What knowledge do the works of Gene Stratton-Porter re- 
veal? Name two of her popular novels 886 

Name three novels by Mary Stanbery Watts 913 

Give three well-known works of Mary Johnston 747 

83 



To what noted literary group does Booth Tarkington belong? 

Name three other prominent writers in this group.... 891 
Outline the work of Norris. Discuss its literary value. . . . 820 

Who wrote Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch? 853-C 

Of what type is Churchill's fiction? State his literary rank. 

Name representative works 547-F 

Describe the writings of Dreiser. Name three of his novels'. 596 
Sketch the career of Wright. Name representative novels. 928-E 
With what novel did White begin his literary career? What 

subjects do his works portray? 918-A 

What historical period is pictured in Ellen Glasgow's novels? 664 
What was Samuel Mer win's purpose in visiting China? Name 

three of his works. Two in which he collaborated 804 

Outline the life of Jack London, discussing briefly his educa- 
tion, travels, and style of writing. Name representative 

works 780 

Describe the writings of Mary Roberts Rinehart 855 

Why have the novels of Rex Beach become widely popular?. . 478 
Who wrote Potash and Perlmutterf What does it portray?. .664-C 
Make a list of Owen Johnson's works. Name one of his 

best novels 746 

How did Dorothy Canfield Fisher fit herself for literary 

work? Name her' best known novel 626 

Mention novels by H. S. Harrison. What else has he written? 694 

In what ibranch of fiction does Edna Ferber excel? 621 

Name four noted writers born in Indiana.854-I„ 891-A, 818-G, 606-D 
Name four recent novelists who also gained recognition as 

painters 631-H, 540-D, 878-H, 928-E 

Name three eminent novelists elected to the American hall 

of fame 561-E, 698-B, 885-H 

Name eight noted novelists elected to the American academy 

of arts' and letters : 

447-H, 525-C, 672-G, 723-A, 739-C, 826-H, 878-H, 925-G 

READING AND REFERENCE: Erskine, Leading American 
Novelists; Phelps, Essays on Modern Novelists; Perry, A 
Study of Prose Fiction; Whitcomb, The Study of a Novel; 
Matthews, The Historical Novel; Smith, The American Short 
Story; Canby, The Short Story in English; Matthews, The 
Short Story; Baldwin, American Short Stories; James, The 
Art of Fiction; Moulton, Four Years of Novel Reading; 
Wegelin, Early American Fiction; Baker, History in Fiction; 
Nield, Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales; Dix- 
son, Subject Index to Prose Fiction. 

84 



AMERICAN HUMOR AND SATIRE 

Describe Saxe's poetry. Name three of his works 866 

What was the first literary venture of Henry W. Shaw? 
How was it received? What was his most successful 
work? 874 

HoW did Charles P. Browne make his humor, known to the 

public? Describe his method and success 515 

To what class of writers does Stockton belong? By what 

works is he best known? 884 

In what characterizations does Clemens excel? By what 
name is he best known? Tell something of his early 
life. Name a defect of his humor. What qualities 
make amends? Name* two of his characters who have 
a permanent place in American fiction. Name five of 
Clemens's best known books 551 

In what form did the humorous writings of Burdette first 
appear? What profession did he choose later in life? 
Give the titles of some of his well-known books 520 

Where did Nye spend his early life? Why did he return 

East? State the relationship between Nye and Riley. . 821 

Describe the versatility of Bunner. Give the basis of his 
enduring fame. What magazine did he edit? Discuss 
the effect of his editorial work 520 

Tell something of the journalistic work of Bangs, Name 

some of his most popular books 470 

What humorous writings by Ade became widely popular? 

What qualities of humor are prominent in his plays? 442 

How did Dunne first win attention? What was the effect 
of his Mr. Dooley in Peace and War? What is Dunne's 
rank among American humorists? 600 

What do the writings of Carolyn Wells include? 915 

What type of humor was developed by Wallace Irwin?. . 734 

What is the pseudonym of each of the following: H. W. 
Shaw, C. F. Browne^ Samuel L. Clemens, Edgar W. 
Nye? 874, 515, 551, 821 

READING AND REFERENCE: Haweis, American Humorists; 
Barr, Humor of America; Holliday, The Wit and Humor of 
Colonial Days; Hopkinson, Battle of the Kegs; Irving, 
Knickerbocker's History of New York; Lowell, Biglow Papers; 
Holmes, Autocrat of the, Breakfast Table; White, The New 
Gospel of Peace; Locke, Petroleum V. Nasby Papers; Browne, 
Artemus Ward, His Travels; Clemens, Innocents Abroad; 
Dunne, Mr. Dooley in Peace and War. 

85 



AMERICAN HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY 

Of what university was Sparks professor of history and 

president? Name his biographical works 880 

Rank Prescott among American historians. What qualities 

have made his histories popular? Name his chief works. 844 

Outline briefly George Bancroft's education, travels, and 
literary work. Which is his greatest work? What was 
its extent? Where did he gather much of the material?. . 470 

How did Lossing collect material for his Pictorial Field- 
Booh of the Revolution? What similar work appeared 
later? 781 

By what three works did Motley achieve lasting fame?.... 812 

What phase of American history is covered in the writings 
of Parkman? What is his rank among historians? Name 
five histories. What personal attributes underlie his 
success? 829 

Name three of Goldwih Smith's historical works 878 

To what study did Lea devote himself after his retirement 
from business? Name three of his works. What disposi- 
tion did he make of his historical library? 771 

What important educational posts were held by Tyler? Name 

two historical periods covered by his literary histories. 902-D 

In what field of history did Fisher become noted? Name 

representative works 626-E 

Where did H. H. Bancroft gather materials for his history 

of the Pacific coast? State its size and extent 470 

Mention four historians who served in the civil war 

441-A, 464-G, 709-1, 720-D 

Discuss the historical writings of C. F. Adams, Jr 441 

Mention the chief historical works of Larned 769 

What period of American history was covered by Henry 

Adams in his chief work? Name two other works 441 

Upon what historical work does Schouler's reputation rest?. . 868 

Who wrote a biography of J. A. Garfield? Of Patrick Henry? 

Of John Marshall? Of Calhoun? 854-F, 902-D, 490-F, 717-C 

To what branches of history did Ridpath make popular con- 
tributions? 854 

Give John Fiske's real name. Which was his first historical 
work? Of what is it a part? Name six later works. 
State the value of his contributions to American history. 627 

What is Avery's chief historical work? 464 

Of what divisions of history do Myers's works treat? What 

is said of their value? Name four of his works 815 

86 



What period of American history is covered by Rhodes's best 

known work? In what does it excel? 852 

Name the chief historical writings of G. E. Howard 721 

By what historical work did Rives achieve distinction? To 

what noted body was he elected member? 855 

To what important professorships did Sloane rise? Name 

four of his chief works on history 878 

For the treatment of what subjects is McMaster's History 

of the People of the United States valuable? 790 

What method of history study was developed by Hart? 

Name three of his histories. Two works edited by him. 695 
Name three historians who have written valuable works on 

the Monroe doctrine. Give the titles. . .695-D, 790-E, 441-A 
On what work did Edward Channing collaborate with Win- 

sor? With Hart? With Higginson? 541 

Who wrote A History of the American People? What im- 
portant biography did he write? 924-C 

Outline the educational and historical work of Jameson.. 739 

Name three historical works by Dunning 600 

What country is the main subject of Cheyney's histories?. 545 

Who is the author of the best life of John Marshall? 490-F 

Mention historical works by Andrews , 453 

Describe the influence of J. H. Robinson on the teaching 
of history. Upon what important elements does he lay 

stress? Name two of his histories 856 

What national problem is treated in Bassett's earlier works? 

Give the titles of three books on this subject 476 

Name the chief historical writings of Coolidge 561 

Name three noted historians elected to the American hall 

of fame 470-D, 812-G, 829-E 

Name six recent historians elected to the American academy 

of arts and letters ..441-A, 441-E, 771-1, 852-J, 855-H, 878-A 
READING AND REFERENCE: Emerson, Essay on History; 
Jameson, History of Historical Writing in America; Robin- 
son, The Few History; Rhodes, Historical Essays; Holmes, 
Life of Emerson; Holmes, Life of Motley; Fiske, Life of 
Parkman; Scudder, James Russell Lowell; Woodberry, Life 
of Hawthorne; Mims, Life of Lanier; Pickard, Life and Let- 
ters of Whittier; McMaster, Life of Franklin; Lodge, Life 
of Washington; Hoist, Life of Calhoun; Lodge, Life of 
Webster; Adams, Life of John Randolph ; Beveridge, Life of 
Marshall; Franklin, Autobiography ; Grant, Personal 
Memoirs; Schurz, Autobiography. 

87 



AMERICAN JOURNALISM 

Describe the success of FRANKLIN'S first newspaper. 
What was Poor Richard's Almanac? How long was it 
published? When did FRANKLIN establish the Saturday 
Evening Post? State his influence on the founding of 

libraries 392-393, 573-A 

Who was James Gordon Bennett? What noted newspaper 

did he found? To what was its success due? 485 

Who continued the Herald after the death of the founder? 
Give its place in the newspaper world. What important 

feature did Bennett, Jr., add to the London edition? 485-D 

Sketch the journalistic career of Park Benjamin. How did 

he assist Greeley? 484 

Through what newspaper did Greeley achieve national repu- 
tation? Name three of his brilliant associates. What 
public reforms were advocated by the Tribune? State its 

influence 674 

Of what noted newspaper was Bryant editor? 517 

What cause did Gay advocate? What newspapers did he edit? 653 

Sketch briefly the editorial career of John Bigelow 491 

What is C. A. Dana's rank in journalism? By what 

notable qualities did he attain it? 576 

Name three journalists connected with the Springfield Re- 
publican. Sketch the career of each 506-C, 716-F, 922-E 

What important newspaper was founded by Raymond? How 

did his work influence newspapers generally? 849 

In what branch of journalism was H. M. Field prominent?. 624 
Of what noted weekly was G. W. Curtis editor? Describe 

his editorial qualities 573 

To what qualities may be ascribed the remarkable journal- 
istic success of Bowles? How did he differ from the 

majority of men interested in politics? 506 

Describe the editorial and other literary achievements of 

Warner. With whom did he write The Gilded Age? 911 
Who is Marion Harland? By what work is she best known ?.893-C 
What historic campaign did Horace White report for the 

Chicago Tribune? Sketch his editorial career 917 

In what field was Alden influential? Outline his career 447 

Discuss the editorial achievements of Howells 723 

Review Whitelaw Reid's connection with the New York 

Tribune 851 

State Watterson's rank in American journalism. Discuss his 

achievements 912 

88 



Describe Young's work as war correspondent. Speak briefly 

of his connection with Grant 932-G 

To what periodicals did Bierce contribute? Mention repre- 
sentative writings 491 

Describe Gilder's career with the Century Magazine 661-F 

Sketch the journalistic achievements of Kennan 757 

Outline the editorial career of De Young 589 

In what field did W. E. Curtis achieve distinction? Describe 

his achievements 573 

What magazine did Marden establish? Mention typical 

writings 794 

How did Grady win distinction? Outline his career 671 

At whose suggestion did U. S. Grant prepare his memoirs? 

Briefly sketch his achievements 746-H 

Outline the travels and writings of Poultney Bigelow.... 491 
State the sources of the material for Carpenter's writings. . 531 
Name two movements ably advocated by Graves. Discuss 

his editorial career 673 

Who established the American Review of Reviews? Sketch 

his career 873-H 

With what magazine has Ida M. Tarbell been associated? 

Name three of her biographical works 890 

In what wars did Creelman serve as correspondent? 568 

Outline briefly the journalistic career of Guild 680 

Of what influential magazine is Bok editor? Sketch his life. 497 

Outline the journalistic career of Howell 722 

Discuss Brisbane's influence on modern newspaper style. . . . 511 
With what well-known periodicals was Harvey connected?. 696 

Describe the journalistic work of Barrett 473 

By what editorial work has Bert Leston Taylor become 

popular? What does his humorous column resemble?. 891 

In what fields has P. P. Adams won distinction? 441 

Sketch briefly the journalistic work of Blythe 496 

What qualities drew attention to Hapgood's editorials?.. 691 

Outline Ihmsen's newspaper career 731 

Who is editor of the Saturday Evening Post? To what is its 

success due? 781rE 

How did William Allen White achieve national reputation? 918 

Indicate the types of literary work done by Cobb 553 

Name the editor of "Sharps and Flats." "A Ldne-o'-Type or 

Two." "The Conning Tower." 624-B, 891-G, 441-C 

Name four eminent journalists at different times associated 

with the New York Tribune 674-D, 849-1, 851-B, 573-C 

89 



READING AND REFERENCE: Hudson, Journalism in the 
United States; Thomas, History of Printing in America; 
Alden, Magazine Writing; Bleyer, Newspaper Writing and 
Editing; Symon, The Press and Its Story; Fowler, Hand- 
book of Journalism ; Given, Making a Newspaper; Bdynton, 
Journalism and Literature; Rogers, The American News- 
paper; Shuman, Practical Journalism; Byxbee, Establish- 
ing a Newspaper; Hyde, Newspaper Editing; Hyde, 
Newspaper Reporting and Correspondence. 

AMERICAN JUVENILE WRITING 

Who wrote Mary's Lamb?. 685-G 

Who was "Peter Parley?" How many books for young people 

did he write? What does the series comprise? 667-F 

Who is the author of the "Rollo Books?" "Lucy Books?". .439-C 

Give the titles of some of the series by W. T. Adams 823-J 

Give the rank of Trowbridge's stories for boys 900 

Name the author of the "Elsie Books." For what kind of 

literature is this writer well known? 625-F 

Who wrote Little Women? Name five other well-known 
juvenile books by this author. How do these stories 

rank in the literature for young people? 447-A 

By what writings did Stockton first attract attention? Give 

the titles of some of his books 884 

Name a juvenile work by Thomas Bailey Aldrich 447 

Who wrote The Hoosier Schoolmaster? Name some of his 

other well-known books 606-D 

By what juvenile works is Palmer Cox best known? Name 

three of his Queer People books 566 

For what stories is Joel Chandler Harris world famous? 
How do his Uncle Remus stories compare with other 

characterizations of the negro? 693 

To what juvenile magazines has Kate Upson Clark con- 
tributed? Name three of her juvenile works 549 

What is the theme of Holder's juvenile books? Sketch briefly 

his scientific work. Name three of his books 716 

Discuss Howard Pyle's literary and artistic ability. For 
what class of readers did he do his best work? Give 

the titles of some of his books 846 

Name Kate Douglas Wiggin's first literary success. Name 

six of her most popular books for young people 919 

Mention two prize winning stories by Molly Elliot Seawell. 

Where did they appear? Name other writings 871 

90 



In what two branches of literature did Mabel Osgood Wright 

win recognition? Give an example of each class 928 

Who wrote The Purple Cow? Name five of his books 521-B 

Give the real names of the following: Oliver Optic, Peter 

Parley, Martha Farquharson 823- J, 667-F, 625-E 

READING AND REFERENCE: Lowe, Literature for Children; 
Hartland, Science of the Fairy Tale; Hertzberg, The World 
of Books; Hewins, Books for the Young; Hunt, What Shall 
We Read to the Children?; Olcott, The Children's Reading; 
, Griswold, Descriptive List of Books for the Young; Cous- 
eens', One Thousand Books for Children; Gibbons, Literature 
for Children; Darton, Children's Books; Hardy, Five Hun- 
dred Books for the Young; Salisbury and Beckwith, Index 
to Short Stories. 

AMERICAN POETRY 

Who wrote "Hail Columbia?" To what period of American 

literature does he belong? 719-E 

Name the first real American poet. Tell something of his 

early life. What two kinds of poetry did he write?. .641-E 

To what period of American literature does Joel Barlow be- 
long? In what way did he spend his time abroad? 472 

Who is the author of "The Star-Spangled Banner?" What 

event inspired its composition? 758-A 

Who made it possible for Halleck to devote himself to litera- 
ture? How? Name Halleck's best known poem...... 687 

To what poem does John Howard Payne owe his fame? What 

fact probably contributed to the feeling it expresses?.. 831 

Outline the literary career of Bryant. At what age did he 
write Thanatopsisf His translations of the Iliad and the 
Odyssey? Discuss the qualities of his style 517 

Name the best poems of Drake. Mention noted friends. . 596 

Who may be considered the most representative figure in 
American literature? Give three fields of activity in 
which he "became eminent 102 

Name five of EMERSON'S poems which rank with the best 

in American literature 102-103 

In the development of what noted Belgian poet may EMER- 
SON'S influence be noted? To whom are we indebted for 
an interesting correspondence of EMERSON? Summa- 
rize the qualities which entitle EMERSON to his high 
place in American literature 791-G, 821-B, 102-105 

91 



Discuss the productiveness of Simms. Which of his works 

established his reputation? Of what group was he leader? 877 

What was the result of Willis's travels? Name three others 

of his works. How may his style be best described?. . 922 

Sketch the literary and professional life of Holmes. In what 
line did he win enduring fame? Discuss the range, 
character, and quality of his verse. For what personal 
characteristics was Holmes widely admired? 716 

What literary professorships were held by Longfellow? 
What poem established his fame? Name three of his 
earlier poems and three later ones. What great classic 
did he translate? What qualities of his verse have made 
Longfellow preeminently the poet of the people? 780 

By what characteristics is Whittier's poetry distinguished? 
Name .five of his best known poems; three volumes of 
verse. Discuss his rank among American poets 919 

Name six great New England poets 

102, 517-H, 716-1, 780-F, 784-B, 919-B 

In what three fields isi Poe distinguished? Give an example 
of each. State briefly the place in literature accorded 
his productions in each field. Which of Poe's poems 
have become most famous? Discuss the qualities of 
his verse 841 

What is Julia Ward Howe's best known poem? 722 

Whom did Lowell succeed as professor of literature at Har- 
vard? Name five of Lowell's poems which rank among 
the best in American literature. Discuss the qualities 
of his literary work. In what did he excel? 784 

Describe the character and quality of Walt Whitman's verse. 

In what work did it chiefly appear? 918 

Who wrote The Barefoot Boy? The Courtship of Miles 
Standish? The Raven ? First Snowfall? One Sweetly 
Solemn Thought? 919-B, 780-F, 841-D, 784-B, 535-C 

With whom did Alice Cary collaborate in the production of 

poetry? What portion did she contribute? 535 

Briefly describe the life and writings of Fanny Crosby 571 

Sketch the literary life of Stoddard. Mention three works. . 885 

What is Bayard Taylor's most valuable contribution to litera- 
ture? Name three of his best poems 891 

Who wrote The Blue and the Gray? State its influence 625-B 

Name three eminent Southern lyric poets 897-1, 768-G, 841-D 

What three Southern poets contributed to the Southern 

Literary Messenger? 841-D, 897-1, 699-B 

92 



State Hayne's place among Southern poets. What does his 

poetry reflect? 699 

Outline Stedman's contributions to American literature. 
Name three books of verse; three books on poetry. State 

his rank in American letters 882 

When did Aldrich begin to produce verse? Name his first 

volume. Describe his literary career 447 

Who was "Father Ryan?" Name his three best known lyrics. 862-1 
Briefly sketch the life of Joaquin Miller. Name three well- 
known volumes of poems 806 

Discuss the quality of Sill's poetical work 877 

Briefly sketch the life of Lanier. Name two notable poems. 

What helpful friendship did he form? 768 

Outline the career of O'Reilly. Name volumes of his verse. 824 

For what poems did Carleton become popular? 530 

Outline briefly the literary work of F. E. Brooks 513 

Who has been called "the child's poet?" What qualities are 

exhibited in his poems of childhood? 624-B 

What poems of Markham are widely known? Name other 

writings 796 

Who is called the "poet laureate of democracy?" Why? 
What early experiences developed his ability to interpret 
the life of the common people? In the representation 

of what subject is he unsurpassed? 854-1 

What phase of Southern life is portrayed in the poems of 

Stanton? Give the titles of two of his hooks 882 

Who is Katharine Lee Bates? Name two books of her verse. 477 

Discuss the qualities of Scollard's verse 870 

Who wrote the Spoon River Anthology? Discuss its style. .799-E 
Discuss the quality of Moody's verse. Mention three poetical 

works. State his place among American poets 810-B 

Sketch the literary career of Robinson. Describe the quali- 
ties of his verse. Name representative works 856-D 

Who is the most noted American poet of the negro race? 

Describe his life and writings 599-G 

With what verse did Robert Frost win recognition? Sketch 

his literary career. 643 

By what unique method did Lindsay make his poems known? 776 

For what are Untermeyer's poems noted? 903 

Name seven poets elected to the American hall of fame. . . . 

517-H, 102, 716-1, 780-F, 784-B, 841-D, 919-B 

Name five poets elected to the American academy of arts and 

letters 447-H, 722-C, 810-B, 854-1, 882-G. 

93 



READING AND REFERENCE: Stedman, Poets of America; 
Onderdonck, History of American Verse; Collins, Poetry and 
Poets of America; Lawton, The New England Poets; Mims 
and Payne, Southern Poetry; Kent, Southern Poets; "Wegelin, 
Early American Poetry; Woodberry, Inspiration of Poetry; 
Page, Chief American Poets; Stedman, An American 
Anthology ; Lounsbury, American Poems; Bronson, American 
Poems; Crandall, Representative American Sonnets; Poe, The 
Poetic Principle; Stedman, The Nature and Elements of 
Poetry. 

WAR, PATRIOTISM, AND BRAVERY: Eggleston, American 
War Ballads and Lyrics; Moore, Songs and Ballads of the 
American Revolution; Moore, Songs of the Soldiers; Brown, 
Bugle Echoes; Matthews, Poems of American Patriotism; 
Scollard, Ballads of American Bravery. 

ENGLISH LITERATURE 

GENERAL READING, STUDY, AND REFERENCE: Heydrick, 
H&w to Study Literature; Long, English Literature; Long, 
English and American Literature ; Pancoast, Introduction to 
English Literature ; Adams, Dictionary of English Literature; 
Cousin, Dictionary of English Literature; Brewer, Reader's 
Handbook; The Standard Dictionary of Facts. 
HISTORY: The Cambridge History of English Literature; 
Channels of English Literature (Dutton) ; Ten Brink, English 
Literature to 1550; Jusserand, Literary History of the Eng- 
lish People to 1650; Saintsbury, Short History of English 
Literature; Handbooks of English Literature (Macmillan) ; 
Garnett and Gosse, Illustrated History of English Literature; 
Morley, English Writers; Taine, English Literature; Ryland, 
Chronological Outlines of English Literature; Meiklejohn, 
Outline of the History of English Literature; Nicoll and 
Seccombe, History of English Literature. 

PERIODS: Ker, English Literature, Medieval; Schofield, Eng- 
lish Literature from the Norman Conquest to Chaucer; Scho- 
field, English Literature from Chaucer to Elizabeth; Hadow, 
Chaucer and His Time; Robertson, Elizabethan Literature; 
Saintsbury, History of Elizabethan Literature; Schelling, 
English Literature During the Life of Shakespeare ; Gosse, 
From Shakespeare to Pope; Perry, English Literature in the 
Eighteenth Century; Saintsbury, History of Nineteenth Cen- 
tury Literature; Mair, English Literature: Modern. 

94 



SELECTIONS: Manly, English Poetry; Manly, English Prose; 
Pancoast, Standard English Poetry; Pancoast, Standard Eng- 
lish Prose; Oxford Treasury of English Literature and Ox- 
ford Book of English Verse (Clarendon Press); Page, 
British Poets of the Nineteenth Century; Stedman, Victorian 
Anthology ; Ward, English Poets; Morley, Library of English 
Literature ; Leading English Poets from Chaucer to Brown- 
ing (Houghton) ; Craik, English Prose Selections; Chambers, 
Encyclopedia of English Literature. 

ENGLISH DRAMA 

Who was the most important predecessor of SHAKE- 
SPEARE? What is said of his use of blank verse? 
Name his chief plays. To which of these was GOETHE 
indebted? 796-E 

Name the greatest modern dramatist. Sketch his life 46 

Where must one turn for SHAKESPEARE'S real biography? 
Whom did SHAKESPEARE marry? Tell briefly of his 
family and descendants 47-49 

With what theater did he early become associated? Give 
an honor several times conferred upon his company. 
Give proof of the success of his theater connection. 
What evidence have we regarding the chronology of his 
works? Into what classes may his works be divided? 
What was his first work? .- 47-4S 

What is supposed to be SHAKESPEARE'S first original 
play? In what vein was it written? What relation 
existed between Ben Jonson and SHAKESPEARE? 
Between Fletcher and SHAKESPEARE? Cite proof in 
each instance 48-49, 749, 630 

Name the source of SHAKESPEARE'S historical material. 

What three plays may be traced to it? 48-49. 716-D 

What comedy by SHAKESPEARE uses the lyric element to 
a large extent? What tradition exists regarding The 
Merry Wives of Windsor? As SHAKESPEARE'S work 
in comedy advanced, what change was noticeable? Give 
an example. For what is SHAKESPEARE indebted to 
PLUTARCH? Name tragedies in which emotion is 
balanced by reflection 48, 34 

Who were SHAKESPEARE'S favorite authors? Give his 

hero, his aversion, and his greatest creation 49 

For what personal trait was SHAKESPEARE greatly be- 
loved? 46 

95 



Outline the conditions in art and religion with which 
SHAKESPEARE had to contend. What three words 
have "been said to express the peculiar quality of 
SHAKESPEARE'S mind? Into what five classes of 
characters does Taine group the creations of this mind 7.49-50 

Prove from the sketch each statement made in the final 

paragraph. (See also English Poetry) 46-50 

Give a list of English actors noted for their Shakespearian 
roles. Name one actor also from each of the following 
countries: Scotland, Poland, Italy, America. ...528-E, 574-B, 
632-A, 632-G, 733-H, 793-H, 796-P, 808-A, 855-E, 880-C, 893-D 

Sketch the education and early life of Ben Jonson. By 
what play did he become popular? Mention three later 
plays. Name two tragedies. What is said of his 
Masques? State the aim of his dramas. Quote the In- 
scription on his tomb 749 

In what famous literary partnership was Beaumont asso- 
ciated? How many plays were produced jointly? Name 
three of the best 478 

By whom was The Faithful Shepherdess largely written? 
What is believed concerning certain parts of SHAKE- 
SPEARE'S Henry VIII? In what play is SHAKE- 
SPEARE thought to have assisted this dramatist?. .630-A 

Mention three plays by Webster. State Swinburne's esti- 
mate of Webster's tragedies 913 

When did Massinger begin writing plays? With whom did 

he collaborate? Mention four of his plays 799 

Name two of Ford's best dramas 632-C 

What is Dryden's position as a dramatic poet? What essay 
established his reputation as a critic? State his influence 
on literature 598 

What profession did Congreve abandon for literature? State 

three characteristics of his plays 558 

Describe Cibber's career. What resulted from the production 
of his Love's Last Shift? 547 

Upon what noted comedy does Goldsmith's reputation as a 

dramatist rest? When was it written? 666 

Mention three noted plays by Sheridan. What is the rank 

of these dramas in English literature? 875 

Sketch briefly the varied career of Knowles. Name his most 

effective play 761 

Name three well-known plays by Bulwer-Lytton 786-A 

Name Jerrold's best play. When was it produced? 743 

96 



State the character and range of Gilbert's work 661 

Sketch the early life of Henry Arthur Jones. Name his 
earliest play. Which was his first great success? How 
many has he since produced? Of what type are his 
dramas? Give three characteristics of his plays. State 
his influence on the .English stage 748 

In what qualities does the dramatic work of Pinero excel? 

What is his rank among modern playwrights? 839 

Sketch briefly the career of Bernard Shaw. State the chief 
characteristics of his dramatic work. Name three of his 
best plays. What type of drama did he successfully de- 
fend? With whom is Shaw ranked among British 
dramatists? What is his importance in recent drama? 874 

With what movement was Wilde identified? Give the range 
of his writings. Of what does his chief contribution 
to literature consist? Name four of his plays. Describe 
their characteristics 920 

State the object of Lady Gregory's dramatic efforts. In 
what type of plays does she excel? Describe their 
characteristics. Mention some of her plays 676 

Sketch the career of Barrie. What was his earliest success- 
ful play? What was his first novel? When did he 
dramatize it? Name six popular plays 474 

Discuss the character and value of Chambers's dramas. 

How does he resemble Pinero? 540-B 

Sketch the early life and education of Galsworthy. What 
are the characteristics of his dramatic style? State his 
influence on contemporary drama 648 

What did Phillips do soon after entering Cambridge? How 
long did he remain on the stage? Name his poetic 
dramas. Discuss their quality and literary rank.... 837 

Describe the dramatic writings of Hankin 690 

Sketch the literary career of Synge. What did his first play 

show? Mention notable qualities ,. 889 

For what are Barker's plays noted? State the theme of 

The Yoysey Inheritance, Waste, and The Madras House. 472 

What movement in the drama does Francis represent? State 

the name and success of his first play 636 

To what group does Ervine belong? Where are the scenes 
of his principal plays located? In what type of play 
does he excel ? Name four dramas 613 

What is remarkable about the dramatic writings of Eliza- 
beth Baker ? Name two plays 468 

97 



READING AND REFERENCE: Filon, The English Stage; 
Oliver, The English Stage; Archer, English Dramatists of 
To-Day; Clark, British and American Drama of To-Day; 
Borsa, The English Stage of To-Day; Jones, The Renascence 
of the English Drama; Weygandt, Irish Plays and Play- 
wrights; Lady Gregory, Our Irish Theater; Schelling, 
Elizabethan Drama; Nettleton, English Drama of the 
Restoration and Eighteenth Century; Moulton, Shakespeare 
as a Dramatic Thinker; Mabie, Shakespeare, Poet, Dramatist 
and Man; Hazlitt, Characters of Shakespeare's Plays; 
Brandes, William Shakespeare; Masefield, Shakespeare. (See 
also World Drama.) 

ENGLISH ESSAYS AND CRITICISM 

By what volume of essays is BACON best known? 239 

By what work is Izaak Walton known? Give its literary 

value 911 

Discuss the qualities of MILTON'S essay Of Education and 

his Areopagitica 53 

What noted essay established Dry den's reputation as a critic? 

Discuss his style and influence 598 

Sketch briefly the life of Addison. To what periodical did 
he contribute his famous essays? With whom was he 

associated? 442 

Mention periodicals founded by Steele. What form of litera- 
ture did he originate? Into what did it develop?.... 882 
Name a noted English letter-writer. What work established 

this writer's rank? 809-B 

On what does the reputation of Chesterfield mainly rest?.. 544 

To what class do the works of Lord Karnes belong? 753 

Outline the career of Samuel Johnson. To what periodicals 
did he contribute? When did he write Idves of the 

Poets? 746 

For what are Walpole's Letters remarkable? 910-G 

Who was the founder of modern Shakespearian study? 555-G 

On what is Jeffrey's literary reputation based? 741 

In the preparation of what works did Charles and Mary 

Lamb collaborate? Upon what does Lamb's fame rest? 767 
What was Hazlitt's first literary effort? In what form did 

The Round Table originally appear? 699 

Discuss the life and achievements of De Quincey. Into what 
two groups do his writings fall? What qualities do they 
display? What famous literary distinction did he make? 586 

98 



Outline Leigh Hunt's literary career. Name two noted 

critics who were his friends. Discuss Hunt's writings. . 726 
By what name is John Wilson best known? To what noted 
magazine was he a leading contributor? Who col- 
laborated with him in this work? Give the chief facts 

of his life 924 

Of what does C. C. Clarke's Recollections of Writers consist? 

Discuss briefly his life and works 549 

Describe the writings of William and Mary Howitt 723 

In what three branches of literature was CARLYLE eminent? 93 
What service did CARLYLE' S critical and biographical 
essays render? Speak briefly of CARLYLE'S genius 

for writing literary portraits 95 

Name some of the works in which CARLYLE attacked the 

shams and corruptions of modern society 96-97 

Where did Macaulay's famous essay on Milton appear? When 

did he publish his volumes of Essays? Sketch his career 786 
State the nature and value of Harriet Martineau's essays. . 797 
Describe the literary life of Helps. Name his chief writings. 701 
Who wrote The Seven Lamps of Architecture? Name its 
companion volume. Discuss their style. For what pur- 
pose were they written? Where has the author's in- 
fluence been most felt? 862-C 

Sketch briefly the editorial work of Grove 679-G 

Describe the literary work of Halliwell-Phillipps 687 

Sketch the literary life of Matthew Arnold. State his rank 

among English critics 459 

Discuss the nature and extent of Frances Cobbe's writings. . 553 
Through what association did Pater realize his life work? 

Name his best work. Discuss its style 831 

Name the chief writings of Symonds, State their qualities. . 889 
Name two critical works on SHAKESPEARE by Dowden.. 595 

Mention two of Lang's writings on HOMER 768 

In what field was Saintsbury most productive? Mention five 

of his critical works. State his rank am6ng critics.. 864 

Mention three critical works by Helen Zimmern 935 

Give a brief estimate of the critical work of Gosse . 669 

Discuss the qualities of Stevenson's essays 884 

As a critic what causes did Bernard Shaw champion? Men- 
tion representative works 874 

With what three publications was Norman connected? 820 

Sketch the life of Quiller-Couch. Name some of his writings. 847 
Outline the literary work of Zangwill 933 

99 



Describe the career of Arnold Bennett. Name essays 485 

Comment on Chesterton's literary style, the variety of his 

productions, and his place among modern writers.... 544 
READING AND REFERENCE: Bagehot, Literary Studies; 
Arnold, Essays in Criticism; Stephen, Hours in a Library; 
Pater, Appreciations; Woodberry, Makers of Literature; 
Dowden, Studies in Literature; Gates, Studies in Apprecia- 
tion; Harrison, The Choice of Books; Pope, Essay on Criti- 
cism; Saintsbury, Essays in English Literature; Bronson, 
English Essays; Lobban, English Essays; Gardiner, Bible as 
English Literature. 

CRITICISM: Saintsbury, History of Criticism; Painter, Ele- 
mentary Guide to Literary Criticism; Gayley and Scott, Intro- 
duction to Methods and Materials of Literary Criticism; 
Winchester, Principles of Criticism; Worsfold, Principles of 
Criticism; Moulton, Library of Literary Criticism; Karnes, 
Elements of Criticism; Smith, Elizabethan Critical Essays; 
Schelling, Literary and Verse Criticism of the Reign of 
Elizabeth; Vaughan, Literary Criticism; Coleridge, Literary 
Criticism; Sidney, Defense of Poesie; Shelley, Defense of 
Poetry; Woodberry, New Defense of Poetry. 

ENGLISH FICTION 

Name the greatest prose work of the fifteenth century. By 

whom was it written? What were its sources? 792-P 

Who wrote Pilgrim's Progress? Outline the circumstances 

attending its writing. Briefly sketch the author's life.520-D 
What book by Defoe has become a world classic? Name 

three other works of fiction 584 

At what age did Richardson begin writing fiction? Name his 

novels. State his influence 854 

Who is called the father of the modern novel? Name his 

chief works. Discuss their qualities 624-P 

Name the principal characters in Tristram Shandy. What 

quality in this work made the author famous? 883-H 

What novel by Goldsmith has become a classic? What poem? 

What play? Sketch his career 666 

Describe the life and works of Frances d'Arblay 578 

Upon what does the literary fame of Elizabeth Inchbald rest? 731 

Explain the purpose of Maria Edg^worth's novels 604 

In what branches of literature did SCOTT become famous? 82 
What discovery turned SCOTT'S attention to novel writing? 

Mention six of his best known works of fiction 84 

100 



Discuss the qualities of SCOTT'S work. Describe his in- 
fluence in literature. To whom are we indebted for a 
valuable life of SCOTT? 85, 779-A 

For what are Jane Austen's novels distinguished? 464 

Describe the childhood of Jane Porter. Name her first work. 

What romance won her lasting fame? 843 

Who wrote Mr. Midshipman Easy? Name other stories of 

the sea : 796-H 

Which is most noted of Mary Shelley's books? Name others. 874 

Who first recognized the literary ability of G. P. R. James? 

Of what did James's writings consist? 739 

Where does Bulwer-Lytton stand in the history of English 

fiction? 786-A 

What is Lever's most popular novel? On what is it based?. . 775 

Name five of Elizabeth Gaskell's works. Which is best known? 652 

What novel established Thackeray's reputation? With whom 
did he share preeminence in English fiction? Name his 
best works 893 

Assign reasons for the universal popularity of Dickens's 
books. To what class did they most appeal? Name ten 
of his novels. Which is considered the best? Which 
was the last? How did his work change in style after 
Martin Chuzzlewitf What reforms did he promote? 
What is said of his Christmas stories? 589 

Name Charles Reade's first successful novel. To what class 

of fiction do his Hard Cash and Foul Play belong? 849 

Give qualities of Trollope's style. Name his best novels 900 

Who is the author of Jane Eyre? What is its rank in Eng- 
lish fiction? Name three other novels by this author. . . 512-1 

What problem did Kingsley discuss in Alton Locke? In 

Yeast? In Hypatia? Name his most popular book 759 

Who was George Eliot? Who discovered her talent for fic- 
tion? Name her greatest novels 608 

What is the principal theme of Grant's novels? 672-P 

What was Mary Yonge's first successful novel? 931 

Why was the meeting of Wilkie Collins and Dickens impor- 
tant? In what field did Collins excel? 556 

Why did Macdonald adopt a literary career? Name five of 

his best known novels. What do they reveal? 788-D 

What classic novel did Dinah Mulock write? What does it 

depict? 813 

Give the place of Meredith in English letters? What charac- 
teristics distinguish his novels? 803 

101 



Who wrote Lorna Boone f What is its place in literature?. . 493- J 
Upon what does Margaret Oliphant's reputation as a novel- 
ist rest? , 823 

Name four novels by Justin McCarthy 787 

Name three novels by Amelia B. Edwards 605 

Mention five novels by Besant. Five in which he collaborated. 490 

Give the titles of De Mille's two best novels 5S3 

At what age did De Morgan produce his first novel? In what 

did he excel? Name three of his works 586 

Of what school of fiction is Thomas Hardy a leader? Mention 

four characteristic novels 6yz 

Name some of the best romances of William Black. Where 

did he lay their scenes ? 493 

Mention two novels by C. G. B. Allen 449 

Who wrote The Countess Teklaf 473-F 

Discuss Stevenson's literary style. Name popular works 884 

Under what pseudonym did John Watson win his reputation? 

Why is his Beside the Bonny Brier Bush admired? 912 

Name Mrs. Humphry Ward's first notable success. Of what 

type of fiction is it an example? Mention later novels. . . 911 
Name some of Hall Caine's most widely read works of fiction. 

Which of them have been successfully dramatized? 526 

By which of his books did Weyman win literary fame? 916 

Discuss Conrad's literary style. What do his novels portray? 559 
What work established Haggard's reputation? Name one of 

his powerful novels 683 

In the treatment of what type is Edna Lyall proficient?. . . . 785 
Who originated the character Sherlock Holmes? In what 

characteristics do his books resemble those of Poe?. . . .595-G 
Describe the career of Barrie. Name his first novel; six 

later works 474 

In what does Hewlett excel? Discuss his style 708 

Sketch the literary career of Parker. Name typical works.. 828-H 
State a point of similarity between Phillpotts and Blackmore. 

Between Phillpotts and Thomas Hardy 837, 493, 692 

What is Hawkins's most popular book? Discuss his style. . 697 
What characters does Locke depict with great skill? Men- 
tion representative novels 778 

Mention some of the best known works of Quiller-Couch 847 

Name Beatrice Harraden's most successful novel 693 

To whom was Hichens's first novel attributed? Name two of 

his works later dramatized 709 

Give the titles of five novels by Israel Zangwill 333 

102 






Who is Sarah Grand? Name her most successful novel.... 672 

Describe the character and style of Hannay's novels 690 

With what stories did Kipling win world-wide reputation? 

Discuss his style and place among modern writers 759 

Describe the literary career of Wells. For what are his 
works remarkable? What French writer did his first 
romances resemble? What rank has Wells attained?. . .915-C 
Discuss the literary work of Bennett. What notable group of 

novels did he write? State their rank in English fiction. 485-B 
Who was John Oliver Hobbes? For what qualities of style 

was this author noted? 713 

Briefly sketch Belloc's literary achievements 483 

By what pseudonyms are the following best known: Charles 
William Gordon, John Watson, Louise de la Ramee, 

Anthony Hope Hawkins, James Owen Hannay? 

668, 912, 848, 697, 690 

What English novelist was awarded a Nobel prize? 759-1 

Mention five modern British writers of note who served in 

the ministry 569-G, 690-G, 759-G, 788-D, 912-E 

Name ten women novelists, mentioning a work by each. . . .4S4-D, 
578-A, 604-A, 608A, 652-B, 672-D, 693-C, 813-J, 843-B, 931-B 
READING AND REFERENCE: Cross, Development of the Eng- 
lish Novel; Stoddard, Evolution of the English Novel; Bur- 
ton, Masters of the English Novel; Beers, English Roman- 
ticism in the Eighteenth Century; Hopkins and Hughes, The 
English Novel Before the Nineteenth Century; Raleigh, The 
English Novel to Waverley; Beers, English Romanticism in 
the Nineteenth Century; Dawson, Makers of Modern English 
Fiction. (See American Fiction.) 

ENGLISH HISTORY ANI> BIOGRAPHY 

Whose writings furnished material for early English dram- 
atists? What world-famed dramatist drew subjects from 

the Cronycle? 716-D 

What do Hakluyt's Voyages describe? 684 

Why is Clarendon's History of the Rebellion valuable? 548 

For what work is John Evelyn best known? State its value. 615 

Describe the character and value of Pepys's Diary 834 

Who ranks as the greatest English historian? 70 

Where did GIBBON conceive the plan of his great history? 

State the purpose of the work. Discuss its value 71-72 

Give the main points of Freeman's estimate of GIBBON 73 

103 



Who wrote the celebrated Life of Johnson? What has been 

its effect on the reputation of both men? 503-F 

Whose biographies did Aikin write? 444 

Name a noted biography by Southey 880 

What qualities characterize the historical writings of Hal- 
lam ? Name three of his great works 686 

Name Alison's chief work. Describe its popularity 449 

What country is the subject of Grote's best historical work? 

Discuss the career of Grote. Name his valuable history. . 679 
What literary place is accorded Lockhart's Life of Scott? 

Name two other biographies by this author 779 

Discuss the nature and style of CARLYLE'S French Revolu- 
tion. State the circumstances of its production. De- 
scribe CARLYLE'S largest historical work. State the 

effect of his work on CROMWELL 96 

For what historical work is Cosmo Innes best known? 733 

When did the first volumes of Maeaulay's celebrated History 
of England appear? What period was it planned to cover? 

Did Macaulay complete it? State its popularity 786 

What subject do the historical works of Fergusson treat?. . . 622 
What period of Roman history is covered by Merivale's chief 

work? How is it valuable? 804 

What work resulted from Kinglake's military service? 759 

Of what valuable historical works is Creasy the author? 568 

Name two historical works by Forster. Two biographies. . . 632 
Mention three great historical works by George Rawlinson. 

Of what period of history do they treat? 849 

What men most interested Smiles? Name three biographies. 878 

What historical works did Helps write? 701 

Discuss Froude's historical methods and style. Name his 

chief historical work; his most important biographies. . 643 

Name two historians of architecture 640-A, 622-C 

Outline the subjects covered by Freeman's histories 640 

Name Stubbs's chief work. Describe its value and influence. . 887 
What features make the work of Gardiner valuable? What 

important period is covered in his work? 650 

Name works of biography by Margaret Oliphant 823 

On what does McCarthy's reputation as a historian rest? 

Name other works 787 

Mention some of Hodgkin's historical works 714 

What monumental work on biography did Stephen edit? 

Name four biographies by Stephen 883 

What great work was begun by Acton? Who completed it? 440 

104 






Who is the subject of Hare's best biography? 692 

What phases of Canadian history are treated by Bourinot?.. 505 
Name three histories and three biographies by Oscar Brown- 
ing 515 

What valuable histories did Green write? 675-B 

To what qualities is Lecky's literary eminence due? Name 

four of his chief works 772 

Name three authoritative biographies by Morley. State his 

position in British letters 811 

Mention Trevelyan's best history. Two of his biographies. . 900 

Sketch the career of Creighton. Name historical works 568 

Of what do Martin Hume's histories chiefly treat? 726 

Mention three biographies by Gosse , 669 

Sketch the range and character of Boulger's writings 504 

Outline the historical writings of Bury. What is said of his 

edition of GIBBON? 524 

Name three biographies by Hassall; three histories 696 

Name four English historians who served in the ministry. . 

568-H, 675-B, 760-D, 887- A 

READING AND REFERENCE: Lawrence, The Lives of the 
British Historians; Ward, Historians, Biographers and Po- 
litical Orators; Hunt, Hume and Modern Historians ; Warner, 
Historians and Essayists; Harrison, The Meaning of History; 
Lamprecht, What Is History?; Lecky, Historical and Political 
Essays; Froude, Short Studies on Great Subjects; Freeman, 
The Unity of History; Stephen and Lee, Dictionary of Na- 
tional Biography. 

Biography: Boswell, Life of Dr. Johnson; Lockhart, Life of 
Scott; Carlyle, Frederick the Great; Forster, Dickens; 
Froude, Carlyle; Cross, George Eliot; Dowclen, Shelley; 
Trevelyan, Macaulay; Morley, Gladstone. 
Autobiography: Pepys, Diary; Cibber, Apology for His Life; 
Martineau, Autobiography ; Ruskin, Prwterita; Huxley, Auto- 
biography. 

ENGLISH HUMOR ATVD SATIRE 

Who wrote Hudibrasf Describe its origin and character. .524-G 
What political satire of Dryden's is especially noteworthy?. . 598 

Name two of Arbuthnot's satirical works 457 

Which of Swift's writings first attracted notice? Which is 

the greatest? Describe the qualities of his style 889 

Who wrote The Beggar's Opera? Describe its success 653-D 

Name the author of the Dunciad. Describe its nature 842-K 

105 



Who wrote the ballad of John Gilpin? 566-A 

What qualities distinguished the writings of Sydney Smith? 879 

Under what titles did Barnaul's humor find expression? 471 

Who wrote English Bards and Scotch Reviewers? 524-H 

How is Haliburton best known? Name some of his works. . 685 

Sketch the life of Jerrold. Name his most popular work 743 

Under what pen-name were the satirical works of Thackeray 

published? Mention his best known lectures 893 

What was Max O'Rell's real name? Name his best works. . .495-H 

Name two of Jerome K. Jerome's most popular works 742 

What two English journalists may be classed with the hu- 
morous writers? What. English novelist?. .473-E, 544-H, 473-F 
Mention three English humorists who were ordained to the 

church 889-B, 879-E, 471-J 

READING AND REFERENCE: Smeaton, English Satires; Han- 
nay, Satire and Satirists; Alden, Rise of Formal Satire in 
England; Previte-Orton, Political Satire in English Poetry; 
Cannan, Satire; Dryden, Essay on Satire; Wells, A Satire 
Anthology ; Thackeray, English Humourists ; Friswell, Sati- 
rists; Cook, An Anthology of Humorous Verse; Hazlitt, The 
English Comic Writers; Macrae, National Humour. 

ENGLISH POETRY 

Who is called the father of English song? Give the legend 

concerning his poetic efforts 525-F 

What epic did Barbour write? What has he been called?. . . 471 

Who wrote The Vision of Piers Plowman? What is it? Of 

what problems does it treat? 768-E 

Who was the first great English poet? Sketch his career. 

Name three well-known works. Discuss their qualities. .544-C 

Who was the author of The Shepheardes Calender? State its 
importance. Give the chief facts of the author's life. 
Name his greatest work 881-B 

Of what did Chapman's poetical work consist? 541 

What central subject dominates all of SHAKESPEARE'S 
poetry? What interest is paramount in his compositions? 
By choosing to write for the stage, what was SHAKE- 
SPEARE enabled to portray? What attitude is dis- 
played in his poetry toward religion? Toward the hu- 
man soul? What is said of the character and music of 
his verse? Discuss SHAKESPEARE'S place in world 
literature. (See also English Drama) 50 

What qualities distinguish Robert Herrick's poems? 707 

106 



Who wrote The Temple? State its rank in English verse.. 706-A 

Who ranks next to SHAKESPEARE in English poetry? 51 

At what age did MILTON produce the Ode on the Nativity? 51 
Into what periods does the life of MILTON naturally divide 
itself? Where was the first one spent and what were 
its enduring products? Which of these works are con- 
sidered the most beautiful of descriptive poems? Which 

is a masque? Which an elegy? 51-52 

What may be said of the length and the perfection of MIL- 
TON'S three chief lyrics? 54 

At what age did MILTON become blind? How was his great 
epic completed? Discuss its place among world epics. 

Give Landor's estimate of MILTON 51-55 

Describe the character and qualities of Cowley's poems 565 

Name Dryden's finest poem. Name other works, and state 

his rank and influence 598 

Briefly describe the literary life of Cibber 547 

Give the author of Night Thoughts, its rank and influence. .931-G 

Of what does John Gay's poetical work consist? 653 

Discuss the life and literary work of Alexander Pope 842 

Upon what does Thomson's poetical reputation rest? What 

famous English song did he write? 896 

What is Gray's rank among English poets? Name his most 

famous poem 674 

Who wrote Pleasures of the Imagination? Of whom was he 

a pioneer? 445-D 

What classic of English verse was written by Goldsmith?. . . 666 
Name a ballad, a long poem, and a translation by Cowper. 

Sketch his literary life 566 

Who is the author of The Minstrel? Describe its qualities. .478-E 

Sketch briefly the poetical works of Anna L. Barbauld' 471 

Mention Crabbe's two best poems. Give their rank 566 

Discuss the poetry of William Blake, stating modern opinion. 494 
Who stands preeminent among the poets of Scotland? De- 
scribe his education and literary career. Discuss the 

character and quality of his poems 522-E 

How was Joanna Baillie regarded by her contemporaries? 

What was her greatest work? 467 

What English poet has been called the "high priest of na- 
ture?" 89 

Give some of the qualities of WORDSWORTH'S blank verse. 

From what friendship did his Lyrical Ballads result?. . . 87 
What k^nd of poem is The Excursion? 88 

107 



What is meant by the "lake school of poets?" How and by 

whom was this term first applied? 88 

On the death of Southey what honor was conferred upon 
WORDSWORTH? What relation did WORDSWORTH 
siistain to the revival of English poetry? 89 

Give a brief appreciation of WORDSWORTH, noting his 

achievements and place in English poetry 86-90 

Discuss the poetry of SCOTT. For what is Marmion noted? 
What is The Lady of the Lake? Describe The Lay of 
the Last Minstrel 83 

Outline the poetical work of Cary 535-B 

Name three of Coleridge's best poems. Give their rank 555 

Mention Southey's chief poetical works. What literary honor 

was conferred upon him? 880 

By what works did Walter Savage Landor win distinction?. . 767 

Name three famous war lyrics by Thomas Campbell 528 

Who wrote Irish Melodies? Mention other noted poems 810-E 

Who was Barry Cornwall? Of how many songs is he the 

author? Who wrote The Lost Chord? 845-A 

What circumstances led to the production of English Bards 
and Scotch Reviewers? Give the title of Byron's greatest 
work. Who is the hero of his Prisoner of Chillon? State 
Byron's rank in English poetry 524-H, 501-A 

How do Shelley's critics regard Alastor? Name his finest 

poems. Who was immortalized in The Cenci? 874, 539-A 

Name five noted lyrics by Mrs. Hemans. Sketch briefly the 

subject of her Gasalianca 701, 535-D 

Who wrote the Eve of St. Agnes? Name two of his odes. 
Describe the style of Hyperion and Endymion. Compare 
Keats with Spenser. State the influence of Keats's work.754-H 

Name two well-known poems by Hood. Describe briefly his 

literary career 718 

Who revealed the Ruodiydt of Omar Khayyam to the west- 
ern world? 627-1 

Who was the representative poet of the Victorian era? 
Where did he find the theme for his Idylls of the King? 
State its literary rank. Mention four other works.. 892-1, 792-F 

Name four great literary eras in the history of England. 

Who represents each? 892-1, 881-B, 51, 842-K 

Sketch the life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. What cele- 
brated love sonnets did she write? State the theme of 
Casa Guidi Windows. What are the characteristics of 
her poetry? 515 

108 



What is the rank of BROWNING among English dramatic 

poets? Name his three earliest dramatic efforts 106 

Mention some of the best known works in the remarkable 

group Bells and Pomegranates 106 

Name and discuss the quality of some of the poems included 

in Men and Women 107 

Give the theme of Bordello. Of Andrea del Sarto 106, 108 

Describe BROWNING'S masterpiece, stating the form, sub- 
ject, manner of treatment, and extent of the work 107 

For what three great characteristics is the poetry of BROWN- 
ING distinguished? Discuss his style 108 

Compare the work of BROWNING with that of Tennyson; 

with that of SHAKESPEARE 107-108 

Give a brief appreciation of BROWNING 106-108 

Name some of Jean Ingelow's best known poems 732 

Name three foremost poets in Victorian literature. 459-F, 106, 892-1 

Sketch the life and works of Matthew Arnold 459 

Discuss the qualities of Patmore's verse 831 

With what noted poems are Rossetti's House of Life sonnets 

ranked ? Sketch his career 859 

Who was Owen Meredith? Name his best known work 786-B 

By what poem is Sir Edwin Arnold best remembered? 459 

Give one volume of verse by William Morris 812 

Name three poets laureate of the nineteenth century 

86, 892-1, 464-E 

Who succeeded Tennyson as poet laureate? Compare the 

poetry of these two writers 464-E 

Who was Tennyson's logical successor as poet laureate? Why 
was this honor not bestowed? Name his masterpiece. 

What three characteristics mark his poems? 889-C 

Discuss the qualities of Dobson's poems 592 

Name two notable poems by Bridges. Whom did he succeed 

as poet laureate? 510 

In what qualities do Henley's poems excel? 702 

Compare the poetic and the prose plays of Wilde 920 

Describe the character and quality of William Watson's verse. . 912 
Name three works by Tagore. What honor was awarded him? 890 

Describe the qualities of Kipling's verse 759 

What has resulted from the efforts of Yeats to revive ancient 

Irish literature? Name some of his poetic works 930 

Who wrote "To Milton, Blind?" Name his poetic dramas 

and state their rank in recent English verse 837-F 

In what type of poetry does Masefield excel? Give examples. 798 

109 



Who has been styled the "Kipling of Canada?" Name poems. 872-C 

Sketch the brief career of Rupert Brooke. What themes in- 
spired his best poems? 513 

State the rank of Noyes among present-day poets. Name 

representative works 821 

READING AND REFERENCE: Courthope, History of English 
Poetry; Stedman, Nature and Elements of Poetry; Gayley 
and Young, English Poetry; Carpenter, English Lyric Poetry; 
Chambers, English Pastorals; Evans, English Masques; Sted- 
man, Victorian Poets; Burrell, Book of Heroic Verse; Hamil- 
ton, Poets Laureate of England. 

WORLD LITERATURE 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Botta, Handbook of 
Universal Literature; Moulton, World Literature; Hallam, 
Literary History of Europe; Warner, Library of the World's 
Best Literature. 

Greek: Wright, Short History of Greek Literature; Mahaffy, 
History of Classical Greek Literature; Jevons, History of 
Greek Literature; Murray, Ancient Greek Literature. 
Latin: Warr, History of Roman Literature; Mackail, His- 
tory of Latin Literature ; Duff, Literary History of Rome; 
Crutwell, History of Roman Literature; Dimsdale, Latin Lit- 
erature. 

Oriental: Field, Persian Literature; Browne, Literary His- 
tory of Persia. 

Italian: Symonds, Renaissance in Italy ; Garnett, Italian Lit- 
erature; Gaspary, History of Italian Literature; Collison- 
Morley, Modern Italian Literature. 

Spanish-Portuguese: Bouterwek, History of Spanish and 
Portuguese Literature; Ticknor, History of Spanish Liter- 
ature; Clarke, Spanish Literature ; Fitzmaurice-Kelly, Chap- 
ters on Spanish Literature. 

French: Saintsbury, Short History of French Literature; 
Kastner and Atkins, Short History of French Literature ; 
Wright, History of French Literature ; Faguet, Literary His- 
tory of France; Konta, History of French Literature; 
Brunetiere, Manual of French Literature ; Warren, Primer of 
French Literature; Strachey, Landmarks in French Litera- 
ture; Dowden, French Literature; Keene, Literature of 
France; Harper, Masters of French Literature. 

110 



German: Hosmer, Short History of German Literature; 
Priest, Brief History of German, Literature; Scherer, History 
of German Literature; Thomas, History of German Litera- 
ture; Robertson, The Literature of Germany ; Wells, Modern 
German Literature ; Lessing, Masters in Modem German Lit- 
erature; Coar, Studies in German Literature in the Nine- 
teenth Century; Taylor, Studies in German Literature ; Hel- 
ler, Studies in Modern German Literature ; Max Muller, Ger- 
man Classics. 

Russian: Bruckner, Literary History of Rtissia; Baring, 
Outline of Russian Literature; Waliszewski, Russian Litera- 
ture; Kropotkin, Russian Literature. 

Scandinavian: Horn, History of the Literature of the Scandi- 
navian North; Gosse, Dano-Norwegian Literature ; Boyesen, 
Essays on Scandinavian Literature; Gosse, Studies in the 
Literature of Northern Europe; Rose, Iosen: Poet, Mystic, 
and Dramatist. 

Hungarian: Riedl, History of Hungarian Literature; Reich, 
Hungarian Literature. 

Polish: Brandes, Poland: A Study of the Land, People, and 
Literature. 

WORLD DRAMA 

Greek Drama 

What new element did Thespis introduce into the Greek 

chorus? How did this improve the dramatic effect?. . . . 895 

Name the greatest Greek dramatist. The second greatest. 

The third. Compare their dates of birth 18, 20, 615-B 

Sketch the life of AESCHYLUS. How was his youth spent? 

Name four battles in which he fought 18 

Explain why AESCHYLUS may rightly be called the father 
of the tragedy. What was Greek tragedy before his 
time? Describe the development of the drama and 
state changes introduced by AESCHYLUS 18-19 

What was the inner purpose of the writings of AESCHY- 
LUS? What did he regard as the duty of tragedy? 
What were his political, religious, and moral convic- 
tions ? 20, 19 

How many plays did AESCHYLUS write? How many are 
extant? State the principal idea of the Furies; the 
Persians; the Prometheus ; the Agamemnon. . .18, 19, 107, 443 

How does AESCHYLUS compare with SHAKESPEARE? 

In what work was he portrayed by Aristophanes? 19, 20 

ill 



Describe the personal appearance of SOPHOCLES, his 

disposition, education, and accomplishments 20-21 

At what age did SOPHOCLES compete with JESCHYLUS 
for the mastery of the Athenian stage? What was the 
result? For how many years did SOPHOCLES con- 
tinue to write and exhibit? .20-21 

What change in the drama occurred during the time of 
SOPHOCLES? What alterations did he make? How. 
many of his plays survive? What is sometimes called 
the most perfect tragedy extant? 21 

Name the first play of Euripides which was performed? At 
what age did he rival SOPHOCLES? Mention five of 
Euripides' tragedies. How do his characters differ from 
those of ^SCHYLUS and SOPHOCLES? 615 

For what was Aristophanes celebrated? Name five of his 

comedies. Which is a satire against SOCRATES? 458 

Mention a prize tragedy by Dionysius the Elder 591 

Who was Menander? What did he write? Why did he not 
write of political matters ? Through what other writers 
may an idea of Menander's works be gained? 803 

Latin Drama 

Who is called the father of Roman literature? From what 

were many of his plays adapted? 611-D 

Who was the greatest comic poet of ancient Rome? De- 
scribe the character of his comedies. How many still 
exist? What is said of their literary style? Name mod- 
ern dramatists who have imitated his work 840-E 

Where was Terence born? State his station in life and his 
education. Name his first play. What were the results 
of his success? Compare his comedies with those of 
Plautus. For whom did his plays serve as a model? 893 

How many tragedies attributed to Seneca have come down 

to us? Why are these works important? 871 

Italian Drama 

Where was Tasso's Aminta written? Of what type is this 

drama? State the importance and influence of Tasso. . . 891 

What was Metastasio's real name? At what age did he 
write his first tragedy? Where was he made poet 
laureate? What was his masterpiece? Name three 
other plays 804 

112 



Who ranks as the greatest Italian writer of comedy? Sketch 
his career. Name three noted comedies. Give his in- 
fluence on the Italian drama 666-B 

What was Alfieri's literary ideal? To what rank in letters 
did he rise? How many tragedies did he write? How 
many comedies? Name his masterpiece 448 

Name Manzoni's first tragedy. What was GOETHE'S atti- 
tude toward it? What other famous works did Manzoni 
produce ? 793 

For what profession was Giacosa educated? When did he 
turn to literature? What element did he infuse into his 
plays? When was his As the Leaves published, and with 
what success? State its effect upon the modern drama. . .659 

Sketch the literary career of Gabriele d'Annunzio. When 
did he begin writing dramas? Name four of his best 
known plays. What is his rank as a literary artist? 
What are the characteristics of his style? In what 
does he attain a classic level? 454 

Spanish Drama 

Where was Lope de Vega born? What military and naval 
service did he perform? When did he become a priest? 
What is remarkable about his mental activity? State 
the approximate number of his plays and religious pieces. 
How many are extant? What subjects do his plays em- 
brace? What principle of conduct did he emphasize? 
In what respect did he resemble SHAKESPEARE? 905 

Sketch the early life and education of Calderon. Of what 
value was his experience as a soldier? What profession 
•did he later enter? When did he write his first drama? 
Name four plays. Describe their character. What is 
his rank among dramatists? 526 

In what respects was Calderon's career similar to that of 

Lope de Vega? 526, 905 

In what fields did Echegaray win distinction? Briefly out- 
line his career. Name three of his most noted plays. 
To what rank among Spanish dramatists did he rise? 
Among world artists? What notable literary honor was 
awarded him? 603 

Where was Galdos born? In what literary work did he first 
engage? When did he turn his attention to the drama? 
Name six well-known plays. State his rank among 
present-day Spanish writers 647 

113 



French Drama 

Who was the creator of French tragedy? In what field did 
he first win success? Who turned his attention to trag- 
edy? When was The Cid produced, and with what re- 
sults? Mention four other notable tragedies 563-B 

Who is considered the greatest of French comic dramatists? 55 

Describe MOLIERE'S early career. What was his first great 

success? Toward what was this satire directed? 56 

After the success of Les Precieuses Ridicules, from what ma- 
terial did MOLIERE then select his types? 56 

What place is accorded Le Misanthrope? Compare its satire 
with that of an ancient and of a modern poet. What is 
regarded as MOLIERE'S masterpiece? Why? 57 

Against what did MOLIERE direct his satire?, 56-58 

Compare Le Misanthrope and Le Tartufe as plays 58 

Make a comparison between MOLIERE and Aristophanes. 
What distinguishes MOLIERE from other comic dram- 
atists? In what way may MOLIERE be compared with 
DANTE and WORDSWORTH? 58, 458, 59 

What qualities of Racine and of Rabelais may be found in 
MOLIERE? What two poets may be said to have no 
equals in knowledge of men and motives? 58-59 

Name Racine's first noted tragedy. What literary rank did 
it give him? Mention three other tragedies. What was 
VOLTAIRE'S estimate of his work? 847 

When was VOLTAIRE'S Oedipe produced? For what qual- 
ities was this tragedy notable? About what date were 
his Zaire and Brutus published? Where did he write 
Merope and Mahomet? 63-64 

Upon what brilliant dramas does the fame of Beaumarchais 

rest? What operas were inspired by them? 478, 859-1, 150 

For what are the plays of Scribe remarkable? How many 
plays did he produce? What great later dramatists were 
indebted to Scribe? What was his ultimate influence on 
the French drama? What famous librettos did he write? 870 

What noted French novelist wrote romantic drama? By what 

and when did he introduce the modern social play? 599-A 

When and by what drama did HUGO become the leader of 

the romantic movement? 98-99 

What is probably HUGO'S best play? State Heine's atti- 
tude toward Rigoletto. What can be said of its first re- 
ception? What composer wrote the opera? 99, 906-B 

114 



Name an important prose drama which followed Rigoletto. 

Who wrote the music for the opera? 99, 594-B 

What were the sources of Ruy Bias? What is said of HUGO'S 
Les Burgravesf Discuss HUGO'S position in the drama 
and in world literature 100-101 

When did Augier begin his literary career? What play is 
considered the best modern French comedy? With whom 
'did Augier share dramatic leadership in France? 463 

In what celebrated novel did Dumas the Younger describe 
his early life? When did he dramatize this work? State 
its influence upon modern drama. When did he create 
the first problem play? Mention some of his notable 
plays of this type. Discuss his rank in the drama 599 

From what profession did Sardou turn to literature? Name 
three of his plays now well known on the English-speak- 
ing stage. Which of his plays has been made into a 
noted grand opera? With what contemporaries did he 
share preeminence? 865 

With whom did Halevy collaborate? State the success of 
Frou Froii. For what composer did he write librettos? 
Discuss the character of his dramatic work 685 

By what was Becque's literary ability made known? By 

what plays did he found the naturalistic school of drama? 479 

With what play did Kervieu achieve success? Of what type 
are his dramas? Discuss their qualities. What literary 
honor was awarded him ? 708 

What was Brieux's first dramatic success? Of what school 
of dramatists has he become the leader? Discuss the 
nature and purpose of his plays 511 

Sketch the career of Donnay. By what play is he best 

known? State the number and nature of his dramas. . . 594 

In what field has Lavedan become noted? In what feature 

does his dramatic work excel? 770 

In what fields of literature has Maeterlinck become distin- 
guished? Describe his literary characteristics. What 
type of drama did he create? Mention plays now widely 
known in America 791 

Briefly describe Rostand's early life. State the character 
and importance of his Cyrano de Bergerac. Mention two 
later dramas. Discuss Rostand's position in French 
letters. What school of literature does he represent? 
Name distinguished French and American actors who 
ihave impersonated noted roles in his plays 860 

115 



German Drama 

Who is regarded the founder of modern German literature?.. 67-70 

Where did LESSING receive his education? Where did he 
begin his literary career? State his attitude toward 
French literary taste. To whom did he direct the at- 
tention of German dramatists? 67 

What noted tragedy of common life did LESSING write? 
Against what was it a protest? What type of drama 
was Minna von Barnhelm? What important work of 
dramatic criticism did LESSING produce at Hamburg?.. 67-69 

In what work did LESSING embody his confession of faith? 

Name the kind of drama to which this belongs 68 

State the distinguishing qualities of LESSING'S style 70 

Mention as a summary: three plays that secure LESSING'S 
place in German drama; the standards of taste estab- 
lished by his criticism; his great critical work; the 
genius for whom he prepared the way 68-69, 73 

Name GOETHE'S first drama. Account for its power. How 
did it resemble SHAKESPEARE'S work? What was 
GOETHE'S attitude toward dramatic precedent? 74 

How was GOETHE influenced by his Italian travels? Name 
two admirable works of this time. For what are they 
notable? Mention two other tragedies of the period 75 

During what literary friendship did GOETHE change from 

dramatic to epic and romantic compositions? 76 

Who is considered the foremost German dramatist? 81 

From whom did SCHILLER inherit his poetic taste? What 
profession did he choose? Account for the change in 
his plans 78-79 

In what drama did SCHILLER protest against formalism? 

Quote CARLYLE and Bulwer regarding it 79 

Give a general outline of The Robbers. Point out its revo- 
lutionary qualities. State the effect of the tragedy upon 
the public and upon the author 79 

What dramas followed The Robbers? In what ways did 

these works show growth? 79-80 

Name the most popular of SCHILLER'S dramas. Give the 

story upon which it is based 81, 892-E 

How is SCHILLER regarded as a dramatist, a poet, and a 

man? Select points from the text in proof 78-82 

What is Kleist's position in the romanticist movement? Men- 
tion his finest tragedies. What play is considered the 
best one-act comedy in German? 760 

116 



Who ranks as the greatest modern Austrian dramatist? Men- 
tion some of his dramas. Between what two groups in 
German literature is he intermediate? 678-D 

When and by what works did Sudermann win fame? Name 
his greatest drama. By what eminent dramatic artists 
has the title role been presented? Name other noted 
plays. What is Sudermann's rank as a dramatist? 
Compare his work with that of Hauptmann 887 

Where did Hauptmann study sculpture? When did he turn 
to literary work? What did his first play, Before Dawn, 
inaugurate? What plays followed? What literary in- 
fluences do they reflect? Which is his best known work? 
Of what type is this drama? What is Hauptmann's 
rank as dramatist and poet? 697 

Of what school of drama did Schnitzler become a leader? 
Discuss the character of his plays. In what types does 
he excel? Name well-known plays 867 

Discuss the character and quality of Wedekind's plays 914 

What is Hofmannsthal's rank among Austrian poets and 
dramatists? Of what nature are his plays? What dictum 
do they exemplify? 715 

Scandinavian Drama 

Who is styled the creator of modern Danish literature? 

Sketch his career. What dramas did he write? 715-F 

By what play did Oehlenschlager win recognition? To what 
position among Danish poets did he rise? Discuss the 
character and quality of his plays 822 

Sketch the educational and literary career of Hertz. State 

his rank among Danish poets. Name two plays 708 

Briefly sketch the results of Bergstrom's interest in the 

drama. Name some of his plays 487 

State the results of Bjornson's directorship of the theater at 
Bergen. To whom only does he rank second among Nor- 
wegian dramatists? Name two of Bjornson's best known 
dramas. Mention the character of his other dramatic 
writings , ... 493 

Who is the foremost figure in Scandinavian drama? Briefly 
sketch Ibsen's life. By what two dramas did he first 
attain eminence? Name some of his most noted social 
dramas. What is their importance in dramatic art? In 
what four notable qualities do these plays excel? What 
is Ibsen's place in world literature? 731-A 

117 



Who is Sweden's most eminent dramatist? Briefly sketch 
his career. When did he write his first important 
drama? What did his production of The Father achieve? 
In what does his greatest power lie? What is notable 
in his Creditors? Name other excellent examples of his 
dramas 886-E 

Russian Drama 

In what fields of literature did Zagoskin become prominent? 

State his connection with noted theaters 933 

What is Pushkin's most famous dramatic work? Of what 
opera was it used as a basis? In what other fields of 
literature was he distinguished? 846, 815-P 

From what station in life did Chekhov spring? For what 
profession did he study? What was his first successful 
literary work? To what rank did he rise among Russian 
writers? Where did he write his most famous plays?. . . 544 

"With what story did Gorky first win success? Describe the 

character of his work. Name three of his dramas 669 

Briefly sketch the literary career of Andreev. What philo- 
sophical standpoint do his works reflect? For what 
qualities are his writings distinguished? Mention six 
of his plays available in English 453 

READING AND REFERENCE. History: Moulton, The Ancient 
Classical Drama; Haigh, The Tragic Drama of the Greeks; 
Gray, The Roman Theater; Lewes, The Spanish Drama; 
McLeod, Plays and Players of Modern Italy; Jourdain, French 
Classical Drama; Matthews, French Dramatists of the Nine- 
teenth Century; Filon, Modern French Drama; Witowski, The 
German Drama of the Nineteenth Century; Brandes, Iosen- 
Bjornson Studies and Main Currents in Nineteenth Century 
Literature; Clark, Continental Drama of To-Day; Dukes, 
Modern Dramatists ; Hale, Dramatists of To-Day. 
Theory and Technique: Aristotle, Poetics; Lessing, Ham- 
burg Dramaturgy ; Freytag, The Technique of the Drama; 
Dryden, Dramatic Poesy ; Courtney, The Idea of Tragedy; 
Vaughn, Types of Tragic Drama; Meredith, Essay on Comedy; 
Matthews, The Development of the Drama; Woodbridge, The 
Drama, Its Law and Technique; Archer, Play-Making ; Bur- 
ton, How to See a Play; Caff in, The Appreciation of the 
Drama; Shaw, Dramatic Opinions and Essays; Craig, On the 
Art of the Theater; Adams, Dictionary of the Drama; Ham- 
ilton, Studies in Stagecraft. 

118 



MODERN ESSAYS AND LITERARY CRITICISM 

What was MONTAIGNE'S first literary work? What urged 

him to the work upon which his fame depends? 40 

What is the rank of MONTAIGNE'S Essays? What seeming 
essentials in construction are lacking? Toward whom 
did MONTAIGNE direct his power of analysis? State 
the range of subjects touched in the Essays. What 
qualities of style made them a mental stimulus? 41-42 

Make a brief resume of the characteristics which have given 

MONTAIGNE his place in French literature 42 

Who was Madame Sevigne? What may be said of her Let- 
ters? For what qualities are they noted? 872 

Give the rank of Boileau-Despreaux among French critics. 

In what field was he a pioneer? 497 

Name Fontenelle's best known works. What place was ac- 
corded him by his contemporaries? 631 

In what manner did MONTESQUIEU publish his Persian 
Letters? Describe the plan, character, and success of 
this book. Relate an incident mentioned by VOLTAIRE 
connected with MONTESQUIEU'S election to the French 
academy 59-60 

What literary rank has been given VOLTAIRE? Give 
HUGO'S estimate of his value as a critic. State in sub- 
stance Taine's description of VOLTAIRE'S greatest 
quality and his greatest fault 63-67 

Estimate Madame du Deffand's literary ability. What 

opinion was expressed by Sainte-Beuve? 583 

Sketch briefly the public life of Baron von Grimm. Through 
whose acquaintance was his career made possible? In 
what form was his best work originally done? 678 

In what work did LESSING revolt from the dictatorship 
of French literary taste? What great English dramatist 
did he extol? Discuss the influence of LESSING'S 
Laokoon. Mention his chief works on literary criticism 
and esthetics. Give in substance GOETHE'S estimate of 
LESSING. Discuss the permanent value of LESSING'S 
contribution to German literature 67-70 

State how in his first drama, Gotz von Berlichingen, 

GOETHE showed the influence of LESSING 74-75 

Who was Madame d'Epinay's most intimate friend? State 
the outcome. What did she write with Diderot's help? 
Mention some of her best known works. 611 

119 



Which of Madame de StaeTs works first gained notice? 
Where did she collect material for her Corinnef For De 
VAllemagne? How does Madame de Stael rank among 
French writers ? 881 

At what age did Sainte-Beuve meet HUGO? With what re- 
sult? Sketch Sainte-Beuve's career. For what qualities 
is he unsurpassed in literary criticism? 863 

What great critical work by Gervinus has been translated 

into English? Name other literary works 658 

Sketch the literary career of Renan. What is his place 

among French scholars? 851 

State the character and value of Taine's History of English 
Literature. Which is Taine's greatest work? How many 
years did he devote to it? 890 

What is the rank of Brandes as a literary critic? Name his 
three greatest compeers. Discuss the character and 
quality of his criticism. What does his greatest work 
depict? What is said of his work on SHAKESPEARE? 508 

To what branches of literature has Anatole France made 
notable contributions? State his characteristics and his 
place in French letters 635 

Describe the literary achievements of Brunetiere. State his 
chief service to the critical study of literature. What 
two points of view did he hold? 516 

When did Demaitre go to Paris? In what did he engage? 

Which of his works contain his dramatic criticism? 773 

To what German journals did Harden contribute critical ar- 
ticles? Mention some of his writings 691 

Of what school was Bahr at first a disciple? What methods 

did he later seek to establish? 466 

READING AND REFERENCE: Saintsbury, History of Criticism; 
Babbitt, Masters of Modern Criticism; Pollak, International 
Perspective in Criticism; Aristotle, Poetics; Horace, Ars 
Poetica; Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory; Spingarn, Literary 
Criticism in the Renaissance; Boileau, Art of Poetry; Les- 
sing, Laokoon; Sainte-Beuve, Criticism and Portraits; Brune- 
tiere, Essays in French Literature; Brandes, Main Currents 
in Nineteenth Century Literature; More, The Drift of 
Romanticism; Pound, The Spirit of Romance; Werner, 
Romanticism and the Romantic School in Germany; Bentham- 
Edwards, French Men, Women, and Books; Gayley and Scott, 
Introduction to the Methods and Materials of Literary 
Criticism. 

120 



WORLD FICTION 

Spanish Fiction 

Who is unquestionably the most famous Spanish writer? 43 

What led CERVANTES to abandon his early literary work? 
What caused him to return to it? What work marked 
his change from verse to prose? Account for its reception. 43-44 

What work gave CERVANTES permanent renown? State 

proof of its immediate popularity 44 

What was the effect of Bon Quixote on the language and 
literature of Spain? Account for the attitude of those 
who regarded the work with disfavor 45, 44 

What purpose had CERVANTES in writing Don Quixote? 

Discuss his treatment of the knight and the squire 45-46 

What characteristics of the man may be noted in CER- 
VANTES' long illness and death? How has the date 
April 23rd been rendered memorable? 45 

What interesting comparisons may be made between CER- 
VANTES and SHAKESPEARE? 45-46 

Reproduce CERVANTES' sketch of himself. In what ways 

does he seem worthy of his place in literature? 43-46 

What Spanish present-day writer has won international 
reputation by his works of fiction? What were his 
historical romances called? With what problems do 
his novels deal? Name four of his best known romances. 647-E 

In what respects does Galdos rival BALZAC? In what other 
field of literature did he become distinguished? What 
is his rank among Spanish writers? 647 

READING AND REFERENCE: Rennert, Spanish Pastoral 
Romances; Roscoe, Spanish Novelists; Chandler, Romances 
of Roguery. 

French Fiction 

Of what masterpieces of humor is Rabelais the author? 

Discuss the style and popularity of these works 847 

Of what type of fiction was Cyrano de Bergerac a pioneer? 

What two modern writers have been influenced by him? 

Name modern scientific inventions anticipated by him. 

Who rendered his fame enduring? 486, 860-A 

At what age did Lesage gain literary recognition? By 

what type of play? How did his Gil Bias affect his 

reputation as a dramatist? Name three novels 774 

Who wrote Paul and Virginia? State its popularity 864-B 

121 



In what form did Chateaubriand's Atala first appear? How 
was it received? With what two literary classics do his 
best works rank? What new school of literature was 
inaugurated through his writings? 544 

Who is accorded supreme place in French fiction? Where 

may the most perfect record of his life be found? 90-93 

What material did BALZAC gain during his experiences 
as a notary's clerk? How did BALZAC'S family regard 
his literary career? 90 

What novel broke the spell of failure? Under what title did 
BALZAC project his long series of novels and tales? 
State the plan and purpose of this series. Mention 
walks of life from which these studies were to be 
drawn. Discuss the magnitude of the design. What 
are the masterpieces of this series?.,. 91 

What is the dominant trait of BALZAC'S style? . . 91 

Discuss BALZAC'S ability to reproduce the past. Where 

did his success lie? What passions move his characters? 92 

Mention some of the most marked qualities of BALZAC'S 
work. What are some of his defects? Summarize 
points which justify BALZAC'S preeminence in French 
fiction 93 

Discuss the literary methods and productiveness of Dumas 
the Elder. Which of his novels gained universal fame? 
Comment on their artistic value 599 

What is meant by "romanticism?" State the place of HUGO 
in the movement. Name an eminent French critic 
drawn into the movement by HUGO 99, 863-1 

In what noted historical romance did HUGO vie with 

WALTER SCOTT? Speak of its success 99 

Name HUGO'S greatest work of fiction; give proof of its 
popularity. Give the themes of two other novels. What 
was his latest work of fiction? Why did it please?. ,.. 100 

Discuss HUGO'S place in world literature 101 

For what works is Merimee best known? In what form has 

his Carmen become world famous? , 804 

Who was George Sand? Which of her works are best known? 

Discuss the distinguishing features of her work. 865 

Upon what two novels is Sue's literary fame based? 837 

What literary movement did Gautier join? Discuss his most 

celebrated novel. Name others 653 

Name two famous French novelists born in 1821. Between 

what two schools are they intermediate? 623-C, 62S-I 

122 



State three characteristics of Feuillet's novels. In the por- 
trayal of what type is he adept? 623 

Discuss the qualities of Flaubert's novels. What relation 
does his work bear to the romantic and realistic schools 
of fiction? State his influence as a literary artist 628 

In what school of fiction did the De Goncourt brothers 

become leaders? Discuss their influence 667 

Explain the pen-name Erckmann-Chatrian. Name their best 

known works of fiction 612 

Who wrote Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea? What 
new field of fiction did he develop? Name some of his 
novels. What English writers has he influenced? 906 

Discuss the character of Daudet's prose sketches. What 

does he possess in common with Dickens? 579 

Of what literary school is Zola a founder? Who shares this 
place with him? In what works did Zola begin to dis- 
play his gift of character analysis? Whose influence 
is marked in The Rougon-Marquart Family? Name 
other works and discuss the qualities of his style 935 

Under whom was Maupassant trained? What did his first 
story prove? Of what value are Maupassant's short 
stories. How is The Necklace regarded? 800 

What qualities do Pierre Loti's novels display? .907- A 

Of what type are most of the novels of Bourget? 505 

W r hat work brought Rolland universal renown? State its 
subject and treatment. With whom was Rolland awarded 
a Nobel prize? 857 

READING AND REFERENCE: Wells, A Century of French 
Fiction; Brunetiere, Balzac; Price, Symbolism of Voltaire's 
Novels; Laserre, French Romanticism (Fr.) ; Gautier, History 
of Romanticism (Fr.) ; Brunetiere, The Naturalistic Novel 
(Fr.) ; Doumic, Contemporary French Novelists; Stephens, 
French Novelists of To-Day. 

German Fiction 

Of what type of fiction was GOETHE'S Sorrows of Young 

Werther? Describe its qualities, popularity, and influence. 75 

Under what pseudonym did Richter write? Of what type 

were his works ? 854 

How extensive are the writings of Zschokke? Mention his 

four best novels 936 

What did Auerbach give up for literature? Name and de- 
scribe the success of his best known novel 463 

123 



What qualities distinguish Hauff' s short stories and fairy- 
tales? Of what type of fiction is his Lichtenstein an 
example? Mention one satirical work 696 

Describe the literary achievements of Freytag. "What is his 

best known novel ? 642 

Where does Baroness von Ebner-Eschenbach rank in Ger- 
man letters? To what qualities do her novels owe their 
high literary value? 603 

How many short stories did Heyse produce? What is their 
literary merit? Which is the best single example? 
When was he awarded a Nobel prize? 708 

Who wrote the celebrated novel Uardaf Name three other 

well-known works of fiction 603-C 

Sketch the literary career of Bertha von Suttner. What 
cause did she champion? State the success of her best 
known novel. What prize was awarded her? 888 

Relate the chief facts regarding Franzos's early life. Mention 

novels and state their characteristics 638 

What is the rank of Sudermann among German writers? By 
what works did he achieve European fame? State the 
success of Dame Care. Mention three other novels 887 

READING AND REFERENCE: Rehom, The German Novel; 
Bobertag, History of the Novel in Germany (Ger.) ; Mielke, 
German Fiction in the Nineteenth Century (Ger.). 

Scandinavian Fiction 

What is the title of Frederika Bremer's first novel? State 
its success. What has she been called? Name three 
of her finest works of fiction 509, 464-D 

In what field of fiction did Andersen achieve world-wide 

reputation? Sketch his literary career 452 

Give the title and character of Bjornson's first novel. By 
what was it followed? In what other fields did Bjornson 
excel? State his rank in Scandinavian literature. How 
was he honored in 1903? 493 

At what period were Strindberg's best novels written? In 
what department of literature did he become most dis- 
tinguished? What is his rank among Swedish writers? 886 

By what work did Pontoppidan gain literary recognition? 
State the nature and importance of his Promised Land. 
With whom did he share a Nobel prize? 842 

Sketch Selma LagerloTs literary career. Mention honors 

bestowed in recognition of her achievements 766 

124 



To whom was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1916? 
What romance best illustrates his literary style? Men- 
tion three of his most noted works 700-H 

Russian Fiction 

Who is regarded the founder of realism in Russian fiction? 
What aspect of Russian life is portrayed in The Inspector- 
General? In Dead Serfs? 665-1 

What is the rank of Turgenev in Russian letters? On what 

works does his fame rest? State their influence 901 

What work by Dostoyevski describes his Siberian prison 
experiences? Where does his Crime and Punishment 
rank in present-day fiction? Mention five novels 594 

State the fundamental principle of Tolstoy's religious teach- 
ing. What work sets forth his religious views? What 
work is regarded his masterpiece? 898 

Sketch briefly the life of Chekhov. By what books did he 
first become noted? To what rank did he rise? Name 
four of his best stories 544 

Describe the early career of Andreev. In what field was he 
first successful? Discuss the popularity of his work. 
Mention six stories available in English. What is his 
philosophy of life? Give characteristics of his style... 453 

What is the rank of Maxim Gorky among Russian writers? 

Give the titles of five of his best novels 669 

READING AND REFERENCE: Turner, Modern Novelists of 
Russia; Vogue, The Russian Novel; Phelps, Essays on Rus- 
sian Novelists. 

Italian Fiction 

Who wrote the Decameron? Of what does it consist? What 
noted literary friendship did the author form? Who was 
Piametta? What works did she inspire? 496-F 

What is Manzoni's greatest work? State its subject. How 
is it regarded by critics? What noted requiem was in- 
spired by Manzoni's death? 793 

Name D'Annunzio's first novel. What influence does it 
show? Which of D'Annunzio's novels reveal the ideas 
of Tolstoy and Nietzsche? What qualities does The 
Triumph of Death display? Discuss D'Annunzio as a 
literary artist 454 

READING AND REFERENCE: Landau, History of the 
Italian Novel. 

125 



Hungarian Fiction 

At what age did Jokai produce his first literary work? Name 
several of his best known novels. Of what are they a 
brilliant portrayal? 747 

Polish Fiction 

Who wrote Quo Vadisf Compare it with the author's other 
works. For what features are his writings noteworthy? 
What literary honor did he receive? 876-E 

WORLD HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY 

Classic Period — Greek and Roman 

Before HERODOTUS how were past events narrated? What 
advance did he make? In what manner was material 
for his history gathered? What period is covered by his 
history? 22-23 

What light does modern research throw upon the veracity 
of HERODOTUS? Discuss his literary qualities. In 
what respects may he be compared with HOMER? 22-23 

Name the first critical historian. Give his rank among an- 
cient historians. Mention his notable work. What 
features give it great literary and historical value? 896-H 

Of whom w T as Xenophon a pupil? In what military expedi- 
tion did he engage? Mention his four great works. 
Of what does each give an account? 930 

State what is known of the life and works of Berosus. . . . 489 

Describe the career of Polybius. What period is covered by 

his History? 842 

During what period of Roman history did Nepos live? State 

the value of his only extant work 817 

Mention two historical works by Sallust. Contrast his 

writings with those of the earlier annalists 865 

Discuss the value of the Archccologia of Dionysius 591-G 

Who wrote The Annals of the Roman People? What kind 
of history did he undertake to write? For what fea- 
tures is it notable? What period does it cover? 778-A 

Sketch the life of Josephus. What period is covered in his 

Antiquities of the Jews? 750 

In what work has PLUTARCH preserved familiar conver- 
sation with notable men of the period? How may the 
development of his ideas and ideals be followed? Make 

a summary of PLUTARCH'S characteristics 32-34 

126 



Justify the term biographer as applied to PLUTARCH. 
Give proofs of the textbook quality of his Lives. By 
free use of the text defend his rank as "the most fa- 
mous .biographer in history." 32-34 

What peoples are described in the Germania of Tacitus? 
Of what period is his Annals a record? His Histories/ 
How have many of his sayings become familiar? 889 

By what work is Arrian best known? What does this de- 
scribe? Of whom is the title imitative? 460 

Modem Period 

State Froissart's preparation and qualifications for historical 
writing. How many years did he devote to his Chron- 
icles? Why are they valuable? 643- 

Of what has Vasari been termed the founder? Why are his 

L ives valuable? 905 

Why is Garcilaso de la Vega known as "the Inca?" State 

the subjects of his two chief works 905 

Of what countries did Herrera write accounts? 706 

Name a classic on American history by Carlo Botta 503 

Sketch the career of Niebuhr. Name his most valuable history. 818 

Under what circumstances did Dahlmann write his History 

of Denmark? State his influence in Germany 575 

Outline the public and literary life of Guizot. Name three 

of his works 681 

For what biographical writings is Eckermann noted? 603 

Describe the educational and literary career of Ranke. Of 
what is he considered the founder? For what method 
of historical study has he become famous? At what 
age did he begin his History of the World? 849 

What is Cantu's chief historical work? 529 

W T hat rank did Droysen attain among modern historians? 

Mention three noted works 597 

Name the foremost modern Jewish historian. Briefly de- 
scribe his greatest work 671-G 

Describe the notable career of Mommsen. Name two valu- 
able historical works. What honor was bestowed upon 
him? Quote Freeman on the scholarship of Mommsen. . 808 

Name two German historians born in 1821 who wrote on 

Rome. Name a notable work by each 676-C, 731-E 

With what work did Troels-Lund gain literary reputation? 
What is the chief subject of his writings? In what high 
literary honor did. he share? With whom? 900 

127 



Sketch the career of Ferrero. Mention four works 622 

READING AND REFERENCE: Lamprecht, What Is History?; 

Droysen, Foundation of History; Langlois, Handbook of His- 
torical Biography. 

Classic Period: Bury, The Ancient Greek Historians; Arnold, 

The Historians of Rome. 

Modern Period: Balzani, Early Chroniclers of Europe; 

Gooch, History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century; 

Guilland, Modern Germany and Her Historians. 

WORLD JUVENILE WRITING 

Who was the first fabulist of note? What characteristic 

gained him his freedom?. 443-E 

Discuss La Fontaine's literary ability. From whose writ- 
ings did he draw material for his Fables? Give char- 
acteristics. 766 

Where and by whom was Pilgrim's Progress written? Give 

a brief sketch of the author's life 520-D 

By whom was Robinson Crusoe written? What is its rank 

among the world's books? 584-A 

Who wrote the Mother Goose stories? Of what nationality 
was the author? What part do these stories play in the 
instruction and amusement of American children? With 
what other juvenile writers may the author be com- 
pared? Why? 835-A 

Who collaborated with Jakob Grimm in the production of 

his Fairy Tales? Of what do they consist? 678 

Speak briefly of Mary Howitt's Tales for Children. . .' 723-C 

Who stands preeminent among the world's juvenile writers? 
What resulted from his early exhibition of literary 
talent? How was appreciation of his work shown? 452-C 

What can be said of Dickens's Christmas stories? 589 

Who wrote Tom Brown's School Days? What is its literary 
value? What profession did the author pursue? By 
whom was he most admired? Why? 725-B 

Mention three books for the young by George Macdonald 788 

Upon what is Dinah M. Mulock's literary reputation based? 
Name two of her books for children. What is said of 
their place in juvenile literature? 813 

Who wrote Alice in Wonderland? Name three other books 

by the same author 533-E 

Name a classic for children by Louise de la Ramee 848 

128 



At what age did Selma Lagerlof produce her first book? 
How was it received? By what title is her best juvenile 

work known ? 766 

Of what nationality is the author of Peter Pan? 474-C 

Name the author of Wee Willie Winkie, The Jungle Book, 

and Just So Stories 759-1 

WORLD POETRY 
Greek Classic Poetry 

What is known of the personal existence of HOMER? Of 
his birthplace? On what point do traditions of HOMER 
agree? , 15 

How were the literature and poetry of ancient Greece sup- 
plied? Mention a favorite legend of the Greek minstrels. 15 

Name two poems attributed to HOMER. Why have they 

been attributed to different authors? v. 16 

Outline the theme of the Iliad. Of the Odyssey. To what 
class of poetry do they belong? Mention characteris- 
tics of a poem of this kind. Illustrate from HOMER. . . .15-16 

Do most of HOMER'S characters portray ideal or human 

qualities? Give examples. Discuss HOMER'S theology.. 16-17 

To what extent was the Iliad studied by the ancient Greeks? 
What was the Greek conception of beauty and perfec- 
tion? How were the later art and literature of Greece 
and Rome influenced by HOMER? 17-18 

What book has been most widely read throughout the world? 
Which ranks second? Compare HOMER with other 
writers 17-18 

What work on HOMER was written by Gladstone? By Lang? 
What translations were made by Bryant, Chapman, Cow- 
per, Derby, Pope? 663, 768, 517, 541, 566, 586, 842 

Mention three poems by Hesiod. Of what do they treat? 

Contrast the work of Hesiod with that of HOMER 708, 15 

Of what form of poetry was Alcseus the originator? Who 

was his most famous follower? 446 

How is Sappho's work regarded by early writers? Relate 

the legend regarding the fate of Sappho 865 

What is Pindar's rank among early Greek poets? What per- 
sonal qualities are shown in Pindar's work? Of what 
is his work an expression? How many kinds of verse 
did Pindar produce? What events do these poems cele- 
brate? What may be said of their style? 839 

129 



Sketch briefly the subjects and the style of the poems of 
Anacreon. What English poet has made the best known 
translation? 451, 810-E 

Mention influences discernible in the work of Menander. 
How were his comedies regarded? In whose plays are 
adaptations from Menander found? 803 

What elements were united in the verse of Theocritus? What 
style of poetry did he originate? Name noted poets 
who have imitated Theocritus 894 

READING AND REFERENCE: Jebb, Growth and Influence of 
Greek Poetry; Symonds, Studies in Greek Poetry; Lang, 
Homer and the Epic; Capp, Homer to Theocritus. 

Latin Classic Poetry 

Who has been called the father of Roman literature? Of 

what do his writings consist? 611-D 

To what school of philosophy did Lucretius belong? Name 
his greatest poem. From a purely literary standpoint, 
give the value of Be Return Natura 784 

To what influence did Catullus owe his poetic inspiration? 
How many poems did he produce? State their nature 
and literary importance 537 

Who stands preeminent among all Roman poets? 30 

What qualities of Corneille and Racine may be found in 
VERGIL? Compare the ideals of VERGIL with those 
of DANTE and MILTON. Give reasons for ranking 
the Mneid with the Divina Commedia and with Para- 
dise Lost. Explain the analogy between The City of God 
and the Mneid 31 

In what ways may Roman poetry be considered superior to 

Greek? Give proofs of VERGIL'S desire for perfection. .32, 31 

Name the great works of VERGIL in the order of their 

appearance; in the order of their merit 30-31 

Establish by points from the text the validity of Sainte- 

Beuve's estimate of VERGIL 30-32 

Describe tiie education and literary career of Horace. What 
great emperor became his patron? Mention four char- 
acteristics of the poetry of Horace. What is his rank 
among Roman poets? 719 

What is the theme of Ovid's Metamorphoses? In what cir- 
cumstances did he produce Tristiaf To what qualities 
does Ovid owe his place in literature? 825 

130 



Explain the purpose of Juvenal's satires. Of what historical 

value are his descriptions? 753 

What is supposed to have been the religious belief of Auso- 

nius? Of what do his writings consist? 464 

Who was the last great Roman poet? In what language 

did he first write? What was unusual about this? 

Quote GIBBON on this point 550-C 

READING AND REFERENCE: Tyrell, Latin Poetry; Cellar, 

Poets of the Republic; Sellar, Poets of the Augustan Age; 

Sainte-Beuve, Study of Vergil (Ft.) ; Oxford Book of Latin 

Verse. 

Oriental Poetry 

Who was the greatest epic poet of Persia? The greatest 
lyric poet? What two other names stand out promi- 
nently in Persian literature? 625-H, 683-H, 823-G, 863-D 

Who was Firdausi? By what title is his great .epic known? 
How was he rewarded for this work? How did it 
affect his later life? 625 

How was Omar Khayyam first known to the western world? 
Who first recognized the beauty of Omar's verse? How 
did this affect the fame of both? Of what philosophy 
is the Rubdiydt an exposition? State contrasting views 
as to the meaning of the poems 823, 627-1 

Sketch the life of Sadi. Name his finest poems 863 

In the teaching of what subjects did Hafiz gain eminence? 
To what is his greatest fame due? Describe his popu- 
larity among his countrymen 683 

READING AND REFERENCE: Flowers from Persian Poets; 
Ouseley, Biographical Notices of Persian Poets; Costello, 
Rose Garden of Persia; FitzGerald, Rubdiydt of Omar 
Khayyam. 

Italian Poetry 

Who was the first great poet of modern times? What title 

did posterity bestow upon him? 34, 37 

What city has the honor of being DANTE'S birthplace? 

Give significant facts regarding his ancestry 34-35 

What was the attitude of DANTE toward public affairs? 
How did he incur the hatred which led to his exile? 
Where and how did he spend this period? Describe 
his visit to the monastery of Santa Croce del Corvo.. 35-36 

Contrast the attitude of the public toward DANTE before 

and after his death. Where was he buried? 36 

131 



Wlu;t is supposed to be DANTE'S earliest work? Of what 
is it an account? Compare it with the best of Boccaccio 
and of Petrarch 36 

Explain the debt the Italian language owes to Dante 36 

Give the divisions of the Divina Commedia and discuss the 
treatment of each. What type of knowledge is neces- 
sary to an understanding of this work? 35-37 

Draw a word picture of DANTE as his contemporaries saw 
him. Summarize from material emphasized in the 
sketch all that makes DANTE alive in your mind 34-39 

Upon which of Petrarch's works does his reputation rest? 

Trace throughout Petrarch's life and work the influence of 
his affection for Laura de Noves. With what other 
friendship may this be compared? 836, 34 

Who wrote Orlando Furioso? Briefly sketch his career 457-H 

Describe the nature and quality of Vittoria Colonna's poems. 
Sketch briefly the circumstances surrounding her Pla- 
tonic friendship with MICHELANGELO 556, 118 

State the title and nature of Guarini's greatest work 680 

What is the theme of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered? What 
three great names are associated in the development of 
Italian verse? State Tasso's influence. , 891 

What was Metastasio's real name? How was he enabled 
to develop his poetic talent? When did he produce his 
first tragedy? Name his masterpiece 804 

State the literary rank of Alfieri. Why does Italy honor 

him? Discuss his ideals and the extent of his work. . . . 448 

How did GOETHE regard Manzoni's first tragedy? What 

ode was inspired by the death of NAPOLEON? 793 

What Italian poet was awarded a Nobel prize for literature? 

Sketch his career 530-C 

At what age did D'Annunzio publish his first poems? Discuss 

the quality of his verse 454 

READING AND REFERENCE: Moore, Dante Studies; Flamini, 
Introduction to the Study of Dante; Wicksteed, Dante anl 
Aquinas; Toynbee, Dante Dictionary; Rossetti, Dante and His 
Circle; Toynbee, Dante in English Literature; Everett, Italian 
Poets Since Dante; Oxford Book of Italian Verse. 

Spanish and Portuguese Poetry 

Where did Camoens write the Lusiadf Describe its charac- 
ter and its rank in world literature. State the range of 
Camoens' poetry 527 

132 



Who has been styled "the Spanish Petrarch?" For what 

literary quality is his work distinguished? 905-1 

What literary title has been bestowed upon Ferreira? What 

is noteworthy concerning his Castro? 622 

What was Herrera's masterpiece? What qualities are dis- 
played in his poems ? 706 

Where was Alarcon y Mendoza born? Name three of his 
comedies. Which of these was made use of by Cor- 
neille? Which are still performed in Spain? 445 

From what sources did Breton de los Herreros gather ma- 
terial for his plays? How many did he produce? 510 

Name two prominent Spanish poets of the nineteenth 
century. What type and quality of verse did each 
produce? 936-B, 479-F 

READING AND REFERENCE: Puymaigre, Old Spanish Writ- 
ers; Lockhart, Ancient Spanish Ballads; Oxford Book of 
Spanish Verse. 

French Poetry 

What literary place was accorded Delille by his contempo- 
raries? How is his work regarded now? 585 

What great song has" made the name of Rouget de Lisle 

immortal? Where was it written? 860 

Sketch the career of Beranger. Describe the nature, quality, 

and influence of his verse 486 

Describe the works of Alfred de Vigny. Give a representa- 
tive example of each 907 

Who is considered the greatest French poet? In what other 

fields did he attain eminence? 98 

Give proofs of HUGO'S early genius. In what ode do we 

find evidence of his devotion to NAPOLEON? 98-99 

Give examples of HUGO'S character creation. State the 
range of his contributions to French literature. What 
English poet has given an appreciative interpretation 
of HUGO ? Summarize his estimate 101 

To what school of literature did Gautier belong? In what 

work did his poetry attain its highest point? 653 

To what work did Mistral devote his remarkable literary 

talent? What success crowned his efforts? 807 

Of whom does Sully-Prudhomme's work prove him a worthy 

successor? What poems justify this opinion? 888 

To what group of French writers does Coppee belong? Of 

what class was he the poet? 562 

133 



To the treatment of what themes has Verhaeren devoted 

his literary talent? Describe the quality of his poetry.. 906 

State the rank of Rostand among recent French poets. 
What is considered the most notable contribution to 
French poetic drama since HUGO'S Hernani? 860 

Name two French poets awarded Nobel prizes 807-A, 888-B 

(See also French Drama.) 

READING AND REFERENCE: Brunetiere, Evolution of Lyric 
Poetry in the Nineteenth Century; Dupuy, Victor Hugo, the 
Man and the Poet; Swinburne, The Study of Victor Hugo; 
Canfield, French Lyrics; Lowell, Six French Poets; Symonds, 
The Symbolist Movement in Literature. 

German Poetry 
How many years did Klopstock devote to writing The 

Messiah? Of what influences was this epic the result? 

Of what do his other works consist? 761 

Give proof of the merit of Gellert's hymns 655 

Outline the literary and artistic work of Gessner 658 

Of what group at Weimar was Wieland a member? What 

was the city called? Mention his best known epic... 919 
Sketch the career of Herder. In what did he exercise a 

notable influence? Mention three works 706 

What writer is regarded the greatest Germany has produced ? 73 

Name three men who exerted similar influence 15, 34, 46 

Give the influence of GOETHE'S parentage and place of 

birth on his development. Mention points of interest 

regarding his education. Where did he complete it? 

Account for GOETHE'S rebellion against existing 

systems 73-74 

Account for GOETHE'S residence at Weimar. Name four 

men who were members of its notable literary group . . .75-76 
What is GOETHE'S masterpiece? Briefly describe its 

theme, plan, philosophy, and poetic execution 76-77 

Briefly sketch GOETHE'S personal appearance. Quote from 

Heine's appreciation of GOETHE. Name some of the 

qualities which gave GOETHE royal rank among poets. 

How did GOETHE describe himself? Give tributes to 

GOETHE by Madame de Stael and CARLYLE 77-78 

What qualities characterized SCHILLER'S work as a poet? 

Name an ode and a song of enduring beauty 81, 80 

What did SCHILLER'S verses inspire? Quote Madame de 

Stael 82 

134 



What German poet assumed the name Novalis? Name his 

best works. Who called him "the German Pascal?" 821 

Discuss the extent and value of Chamisso's verse. What 

is the literary rank of his Journal? 540 

Upon which of his works does Uhland's fame rest? 902 

Sketch Korner's brief literary career. State a noteworthy 

fact regarding his famous Schwertlied 763 

Describe the literary life and friendships of Heine. Give 

his place in German literature 700 

Name three of Auersperg's works. Under what pseudonym 

did he publish them ? 463 

Name the foremost poets of the revolutionary group. 640-D, 654-H 
State Freiligrath's influence on German poetry. Mention 

his chief political poems 640 

Describe the career and works of Gei'bel. What was his 

rank among lyric poets ? 654 

Sketch the varied activities of Bodenstedt 496 

Mention a narrative poem, also an epic, by Heyse. In what 

other fields was he noted? 708 

In what form of poetry is Hauptmann distinguished? Discuss 

his rank among modern poets 697 

Quote Hofmannsthal's dictum concerning life and art. How 

closely has he kept to this ideal?. 715 

READING AND REFERENCE: Scherer, History of German 

Poetry (Ger.) ; Busse, History of German Poetry in the Nine- 
teenth Century (Ger.) ; Bartel, Contemporary German Poetry 

(Ger.). 

Scandinavian Poetry 

Who is considered the creator of modern Danish literature? 

What is the purpose of his Peder Paarsf 715-F 

Of what nationality was Bellman? Where are the finest 

examples of his poems found? 483 

Name three examples of Franzen's poems 638 

How did Oehlenschlager first attract notice? What qualities 

characterize his plays ? 822 

Mention three epics by Runeberg. For what characteristics 

are these poems distinguished? 862 

In what form did the first important work of Hertz appear? 

Give his rank among Danish lyric poets 708 

For whom did Andersen utilize his poetic gift? 452 

What eminent Norwegian poet is the author of Peer Gynt? 

Name another dramatic poem 731- A 

135 



What was Bjornson's poetic aim? What kinds of poetry did 

he write? To what eminence did he rise? 493 

What established the rank of Heidenstam as a poet? What 

recognition has his literary work received? 700 

Russian Poetry 

What title has been applied to Derzhavin? 'Name his best 

known poem. What qualities make it a masterpiece?. . 587 

Where does Pushkin rank among Russian poets? Give the 
title of his first poetical production. How was it re- 
ceived? Which is his greatest work? In what form has 
Boris Godunov become widely popular? 846 

READING AND REFERENCE: Newmarch, Poetry and Progress 
in Russia; Hapgood, Epic Songs of Russia; Wiener, Anthology 
of Russian Literature. 

WORLD ORATORY 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Sears, History of 
Oratory; Mathews, Oratory and Orators; Nicoll, Great 
Orators; Power, Making of an Orator. 

ANCIENT ORATORY 

Between the lives of what two world leaders does that of 
Isocrates lie? Mention some of his most noted speeches. 
735, 834-E, 357 

What position does ^Eschines occupy in Greek oratory? 
Where is he supposed to have established a school of 
eloquence? 443 

Name the greatest Greek orator. State the circumstances 

leading to his first speech in public 23-24 

For what defects was DEMOSTHENES ridiculed? How did 
he overcome them? At what age did he reappear suc- 
cessfully in public? What oration is called his greatest? 
To what patriotic cause did he devote himself? What 
reforms were attempted by DEMOSTHENES? 24-26 

Against whom were the Philippics directed? 26, 836-G 

In what battle were the Greeks defeated by Philip of Mace- 
don? What had DEMOSTHENES to do with that battle? 24 

Give an account of the trial of Ctesiphon. Why was DEMOS- 
THENES twice forced to withdraw from Athens? 24 

Discuss the literary style of DEMOSTHENES. How does he 

rank as a statesman? 25-26 

136 



What place does Crassus hold among the orators of his day? 

Mention one of his distinguishing characteristics 567-G 

Who was the most famous orator of ancient Rome? 26 

At what age did CICERO make his first important speech? 

Against whom? 26, 887-H 

Tell something of the incident which gained for CICERO 

the title "father of his country." 26-27, 536-G 

Against what distinguished Roman did CICERO deliver 
memorable philippics? Name some of CICERO'S most 
notable speeches 27-29 

In what difficult situation did Mark Antony find use for his 

skill as an orator? 456, 28, 364, 365 

W T ho was Athanasius? How did he employ his power as an 

orator? 462 

What celebrated lawyer-priest was conspicuous in the early 

Latin church? Give the characteristics of his oratory. . .893-E 

Name one of the Greek fathers renowned for his eloquence. 
How did he compare with other orators of the early 
Greek church? 547-D 

READING AND REFERENCE: Jebb, Attic Orators; Demos- 
thenes, On the Crown; Cicero, Oratory and Orators; Quin- 
tilian, Institutes of Oratory. 

MODERN ORATORY 

How did Bossuet rank as an ecclesiastical orator? Where is 

his eloquence seen to best advantage? 503 

What ability rendered the elder Pitt a famous parliamentary 

leader? Give the subject of his last great effort 839 

Give three examples of Edmund Burke's unrivaled power as 

an orator. With which is his name indissolubly connected? 521 

What two orations of Grattan rank high in British eloquence? 673 

At what age did Charles James Fox make his mark as a de- 
bater? How do critics regard Fox as an orator? 634 

Against whom were R. B. Sheridan's most noted speeches 
delivered? Give the attitude of the continental congress 
on his powerful speeches against the American war 875 

Account for the influence of Mirabeau in the states-general 

and the national assembly 806 

Name some of the qualities of Curran's oratory. What Irish 

revolutionist did he defend? 572 

Speak briefly of Erskine's career. Give the effect of his 

first speech 612 

137 



In what period of French history was Danton famed as an 

orator? 577 

At what age did the younger Pitt deliver his first speech? 

State his rank among modern statesmen 840 

Give the place held by Robert Hall among British pulpit ora- 
tors. What was the effect of his preaching? 686 

Name causes which enlisted the eloquence of Canning 529 

Where did Daniel O'Connell deliver some of his most re- 
markable speeches? On what subject? 821 

What revolutionary movements did Kossuth incite? 763 

What significant period in the history of France furnished 

a field for the oratory of Favre?. 620 

What speeches made Disraeli famous? What quality charac- 
terized these attacks? 591 

Name some of the questions upon which Gladstone made 

many eloquent speeches 663 

In what agitation did John Bright become famous? What 

American cause did his eloquence serve? 511 

Name a Spanish orator devoted to reform measures. Give 

one of which he was a special advocate 535-L 

When did Gambetta's name first come prominently before 

the public? Outline his war activities 649 

What Canadian statesman won attention by his oratorical 

powers? What title have they earned for him? 770-G 

Name four matters <of constructive legislation to which Lloyd 
George has devoted his power of brilliant debating. In 
j what war situation has his voice been authoritative?. . . 778 

Who is Rene Viviani? Give the occasion for the great en- 
thusiasm recently felt in the United States over him. . . 908 

READING AND REFERENCE: Goodrich, British Eloquence; 
Rhys, British Historical Speeches and Orations; Pitt, Orations 
on the War with France; Burke, American Speeches and 
Letters; Hall, Select Orations. 

AMERICAN ORATORY 

What live issues in the day of Samuel Adams provided chan- 
nels for his power as an orator? 442 

What orator was closely connected with the birth of Ameri- 
can independence? Outline conditions in the colonies 
and give his attitude 825-D 

What qualities combined to make Patrick Henry a great 
orator? Give some of the vital questions to which he 
devoted his energy 705 

138 



At what age did Richard Henry Lee show power in debate? 

Give an occasion on which he made a brilliant speech. . 772 

On what subject did J. Q. Adams present many eloquent peti- 
tions? Give proof of their power 442 

What quality marked the oratory of Henry Clay? With what 

other orators did Clay take rank? 550, 526-P, 422 

Give the place of Calhoun among the orators of his day. 

What subjects engrossed his attention? 526 

Historically how is the year 1820 significant? What famous 

oration of WEBSTER is associated with this date? 423 

Name two other orations which added to WEBSTER'S fame. 
• Where was each delivered? 423-424 

In what speech did WEBSTER'S power as an orator reach 
its culmination? In reply to whom was this speech de- 
livered? Give the subject and the time spent in its 
preparation. Comprehensively outline his peroration. . . 424 

With whom is the name of Robert Hayne associated? 699 

What part had Edward Everett in the purchase of Mt. 

Vernon? Give the last of his great orations 616 

After the death of WEBSTER, who became leader of the 

Massachusetts bar? Give his place among modern orators. 546-C 

In commemoration of what event did LINCOLN make 
his famous speech at Gettysburg? Quote the well-known 
passage from his "house^divided-against-itself" speech.. 431,429 

Who was the principal orator of the anti-slavery party? 
Name three important questions championed by him. 
In what was his eloquence unsurpassed? Rank his 
Faneuil hall speech 837-G 

What led to Sumner's withdrawal from the whig party? 
Give the subject of his first important speech; the effect 
of "The Crime Against Kansas." 888 

What qualities made Henry Ward Beecher a notably popular 
orator? Give his position on the slavery question and 
the results of his speeches on this subject 480 

To what subject did John B. Gough devote his power as an 

orator? State the success of his work 670 

What made Blaine prominent in the politics of his day? 494 

Speak briefly of the oratory of Thomas DeWitt Talmage. . . . 890 

On what subject was Ingersoll a noted orator? 732 

To what was Phillips Brooks's great popular power due?. . . . 513 

To what interests was Grady devoted? What rendered his 

liberal views especially effective? 671 

What made J. P. Dolliver a powerful political leader? 593 

139 



READING AND REFERENCE: Fulton and Trueblood, British 
and American Eloquence; Harding, Select Orations Illustrat- 
ing American Political History; Heller, Early American 
Orations; Johnson, American Orations; McDonnell, Southern 
Orators; Magoon, Orators of the American Revolution; Parker. 
Golden Age of American Oratory; Reed, Modern Eloquence; 
Winter, Public Speaking, Principles and Practice. 

FINE ARTS 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENDE: Brown, The Fine 
Arts; Reinach, Apollo; Grosse, The Beginnings of Art; Hirn, 
The Origins of Art; Poore, The Conception of Art; Knight, 
Philosophy of the Beautiful; Puffer, Psychology of Beauty; 
Leasing, Laokoon; Liibke, History of Art; Garotti, History of 
Art; Conway, The Domain of Art; Drane, Ideals in Art; Del- 
ville, The New Mission of Art; Rodin, Art; Street, Ruskin's 
Principles of Art. 

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE 

Who was the first American architect to add foreign study 

to home training? Name important works 519-E 

Name four achievements evidencing the skill of Latrobe. . . . 770 

What is said of Walter's design for Girard college? Name 

some of his notable works in Washington. 910- J 

Mention six works by Renwick. What cathedral and church 

reflect his mastery of French Gothic style? 852 

In what field was Olmsted a pioneer? For what is he best 

known? Name six cities in which his work may be seen. 823 

Who was Richard Morris Hunt? Briefly outline his Career, 
noting his preparation, examples of his skill, and his 
influence on American architecture 726 

How did Sturgis contribute to the advance of architecture? 

Illustrate each by an example * 887 

Under whom was Post trained? Name important structures 
designed by Post. With whom was he identified in 
notably improving American architecture? 843 

What architect achieved the nearest approach to a definite 
American style? How did he employ sculpture? Men- 
tion structures designed by him. Discuss his influence. . 853-1 

Describe Burnham's share in planning the World's Golum- 
bian exposition. Mention buildings which he designed. 
In what field did he win distinction? 522 

140 



Of what distinguished firm was Mead a member? Give six 

examples of their work. Describe Mead's share 801 

Name seven notable structures with which the name of Mc- 
Kim is associated. Outline his career. How did he con- 
tribute to architectural progress? 789 

With whom did Stanford White study? With whom did he 

form a partnership? Give examples of his work 917 

Who was Carrere? Sketch his association with Hastings. 

Name four monuments of their skill 533 

Who designed Leland Stanford Jr. university? Sketch his 

training and career. Give examples of his work 561-C 

Describe the architectural achievements of Cobb 553 

What is the most striking achievement of Cass Gilbert? Give 
three points of interest regarding it. Name other im- 
portant structures designed by him 661, 927-H 

Give four examples of the work of Ernest Flagg. What was 

noteworthy concerning the Singer building? 628 

With whom did Hastings form a partnership? What did they 

produce? Name honors conferred upon Hastings 696 

Who was the first state architect of New York? With whom 

did he collaborate? Name important works 701-A 

Who designed the cathedral of St. John the Divine? Briefly 

describe it. Give other examples of their work 765-H 

Who designed St. Patrick's cathedral, New York? Trinity 

church, Boston? 852-A, 853-1 

What architect designed the "Flat-Iron" building, New York? 

The Woolworth building? 522-C, 661-A 

Y/ho was the architect of the state capitol of Pennsylvania? 

Of Wisconsin? Of Minnesota? 553-D, 843-E, 661-A 

What architect contributed to the design of the American 

Hall of Fame? 789-H 

Name four architects who were elected to membership in the 

American academy of arts and letters 

661-A, 696-H, 789-H, 801-1 

READING AND REFERENCE: Sturgis, How to Judge Archi- 
tecture; Wallis, How to Enow Architecture; Tuckerman, 
Short History of Architecture; Statham, Short Critical His- 
tory of Architecture ; Simpson, History of Architectural De- 
velopment; Statham, Architecture for General Readers; 
Belchers, Essentials in Architecture ; Hamlin, Text-Book of 
the History of Architecture; Fergusson, History of Modern 
Architecture; Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture; Gwilt, 
Encyclopedia of Architecture. 

141 



AMERICAN ILLUSTRATION 

To what tasks did Durand turn his skill as an engraver? 

Which of his engravings established his reputation? 601 

For what is Darley especially known? Give examples 578 

Name two fields other than painting in which Whistler did 

worthy work. In which did he win distinction? 917 

How was Vedder's world-wide reputation established? 905 

In what work besides painting and authorship did the skill 

of F. D. Millet find expression? 806 

What subjects did W. H. Gibson choose for his first work in 

drawing? How did he later employ this talent? 660 

Discuss Frost's art training, associates, and the qualities of 

his work •. 643 

Who is regarded as the foremost American wood-engraver? 

Briefly sketch his work in this line 555-E 

For what is Low most widely known? 783 

On what magazines has Opper served, and with what Ameri- 
can humorists has he collaborated? 823 

How is Joseph Pennell represented in the leading art collec- 
tions of Europe and America? i 833 

What subjects has Remington best illustrated? 851 

In what field besides authorship has Clifton Johnson done 

creditable work? 745 

Who was Homer Davenport? Name some of his best pro- 
ductions and give characteristics of his work 579 

Name a great present-day master of black and white pictorial 

art. What popular type did he create? 660-B 

How is Christy best known? What qualities distinguish his 

work? 547 

Who created the type known as the "American girl?" Where 

• is the skill of this illustrator most noticeable? 626-F 

Give some of the characteristics of J. M. Flagg's work; also 

proof of his versatility in the field of art 628 

Who is Gene Carr? Give a brief outline of his work 532 

READING AND REFERENCE: Baker, American Engravers 
and Their Work; Dinton, History of Wood Engraving in 
America; Weitenkamp, American Graphic Art; Hitchcock, 
Etching in America; Pennell, Modern Illustration; Black- 
burn, Art of Illustration; Kirkbride, Engraving for Illustra- 
tion; Carrington, Prints and Their Makers; Weitenkamp, 

142 



How to Appreciate Prints; Hind, Short History of Engraving 
and Etching; Hind, Great Engravers ; Woodberry, History of 
Wood-Engraving; Wright, Art of Caricature; Maurice and 
Cooper, History of the Nineteenth Century in Caricature; 
Chapin, Masters and Masterpieces of Engraving. 

AMERICAN MUSIC 

Musical Composition 

State the influence of Billings on New England church 

music. State his position among American composers.. 492 

Name four familiar songs composed by Root. What do his 

compositions chiefly include? 859 

By what songs did Foster become widely known? Give 

proofs of their remarkable popularity 634 

Upon what compositions does the fame of Gottschalk rest?. 670 

Under whom did Hoffman study? In what did he achieve 
eminence? To what field did he later turn? State his 
influence on American musical progress 714 

What musical organizations did Leopold Damrosch found? 

What music did he introduce into America? 576 

Sketch the musical career and accomplishments of Dudley 

Buck. What do his compositions include? 518 

Who was chosen professor of the first chair of music estab- 
lished in an American university? In what field did he 
become a leader? Name important works 827-A 

Give the chief facts of the education and musical training of 
Foote. Discuss the character and extent of his composi- 
tions. To what does his music entitle him? 631 

Outline the musical career of Chadwick. What is his rank 
among American composers? Compare his composi- 
tions with those of MacDowell. Describe the character 
and range of his music ." 539 

By what compositions is Sousa known? What title has been 

given him? Mention some of his best known works. . . . 880 

Where was Kelley educated? Briefly sketch his musical 

activities. Of what do his compositions consist? 755 

What forms of music do Herbert's compositions include? 

Name operas and comic operas composed by him 706 

Who wrote the opera Robin Hood? Name his best known 

song 584-D 

Sketch the musical career of Nevin. With whom was he 

associated at Yale? Describe Nevin's compositions... 817 

143 



Give the chief facts concerning the musical education of 
MacDowell. How did Liszt assist him? What do his 
compositions include? What does his music display? 
With what European composers is he ranked? What is 
his place among American composers? In what univer- 
sity was he made professor of music? 788 

Name operas composed by Walter Damrosch 576 

What American composer became professor of music at Yale? 
What is said of his oratorio Hora Novissimaf What 
two of his operas won prizes? Mention other works. . . .829-A 

Sketch the educational and musical training of Cole. State 

the character and range of his compositions 555 

Briefly outline the musical career of Coerne, mentioning 

his compositions 554 

Where was Converse educated in music? To what positions 

did he rise? Mention representative works 560 

State the range and character of Hadley's compositions. In 
what does he excel? Which work won a Paderewski 
prize? What is his rank among American composers?. . 683 

Sketch the musical training of Carpenter. Mention some of 

his compositions. What does his work display? 532 

What composer became noted for his Indian songs? How 

did he study Indian music? Mention two Indian operas. 525-E 

READING AND REFERENCE: Elson, History of American 
Music; Hughes, Contemporary American Composers; Math- 
ews, A Hundred Years of Music in America; Elson, Our 
National Music and Its Sources; Fletcher, Indian Story and 
Song; Krehbiel, Afro-American Music; Sonneck, Early Opera 
in America; Elson, Book of Musical Knowledge. (See also 
World Music.) 

Musical Art 

Name four noted American pianists. Sketch the career 

and attainments of each 670-B, 714-G, 934-A, 715-B 

Sketch the musical career of Clara Louise Kellogg 755 

Outline the career of Theodore Thomas. State his influence 
on American music. Name five other American 
orchestral conductors 895, 576-C, 576-D, 880-F, 884-1, 706-B 

Name three American grand opera singers who achieved 
distinction in Wagnerian roles, sketching the career of 
each 820-E, 641-A, 868-H 

Where, when, and in what role did Emma Eames make her 

d§but in grand opera? Sketch her subsequent career. . . 602 

144 



Outline the musical career of Maud Powell 844 

Name four American men who have won distinction as 
grand opera singers. Sketch the musical training and 

achievements of each 492-G, 918-D, 926-A, 797-D 

Sketch the musical achievements of Kneisel 761 

In what noted operatic roles has Louise Homer sung? 

Sketch her musical career 717 

Who popularized modern French opera in America? Out- 
line her career, naming five important roles 650-E 

What well known American singer received her early 
musical training in San Francisco? Mention her earlier 

successes. Name operas in which she appeared 819-A 

Outline the musical education of Geraldine Farrar. Where, 
when, and in what role did she first win success in 

grand opera? Sketch her subsequent achievements 619 

What is noteworthy concerning the success of Alma Gluck? 664 
READING AND REFERENCE: Henderson, Art of the Singers; 
Howard, Expression in Singing; Taylor, Psychology of Sing- 
ing; Mills, Voice Production in Singing and Speaking; Root- 
ham, Voice Training for Schools and Choirs; Coward, Choral 
Technique and Interpretation; Hofmann, Piano Playing; 
Johnstone, Essentials in Piano Playing; Ahele, The Violin 
and Its Story; Collins, Laurel Winners. (See also World 
Musical Art.) 

WORLD MUSIC 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Elson, Book of 
Musical Knoioledge; Booth, Everybody's Guide to Music; 
Hughes, The Musical Guide; Surrette and Mason, Appreci- 
ation of Music; Haweis, Music and Morals; Newton, Mysti- 
cism of Music; Gilman, Phases of Modern Music; Riemann, 
Dictionary of Musicians; Champlin, Cyclopedia of Music and 
Musicians; Grove, Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 
History: Naumann, History of Music; Hullah, Modern 
Music; Dickinson, Growth and Development of Music; Oxford 
History of Music; Pratt, The History of Music; Henderson, 
The Story of Music; Tapper and Gottschius, Illustrated His- 
tory of Music; Taunton, History of Church Music; Elson, 
A Critical History of Opera; Edwards, History of the Opera. 
Musical Form: Kilburn, The Story of Musical Form; Wil- 
liams, The Story of Organ Music; Patterson, The Story of 
Oratorio; Upton, The Standard Oratorios; Lee, The Story of 
the Opera; Apthorp, The Opera Past and Present; Krehbiel, 

145 



GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE CONTINUED— 

Book of Operas; Upton, The Standard Operas; Welitz, Opera 
Goer's Complete Guide; Shedlock, Pianoforte Sonata; Pinck, 
Songs and Song-Writers ; Upton, The Standard Cantatas; Lee, 
The Story of the Symphony ; Surrette, The Development of 
Symphonic Music; Weingartner, The Symphony since Bee- 
thoven; Goepp, Symphonies and Their Meaning; Kilburn, The 
Story of Chamber Music; Niecks, Programme Music. 
Composers: Hueffer, The Great Composers ; Ferris, Great 
Musical Composers; Bourne, The Great Composers; Paine, 
Famous Composers and Their Works; Sharp, Makers of 
Music; Dole, A Score of Famous Composers ; Parry, Studies 
of Great Composers; Mason, Romantic Composers. 

EARLY MUSIC 

What eminent Greek philosopher discovered the numerical 

relations in music? What theory did he propound?. . . .846-H 

In whose works are the beginnings of harmony found? Of 
what did his diaphonic music consist? State how this 
later led to the development of the harmonic chord. In 
what does the great advance of modern music over the 
purely melodic music of the Greeks consist? 724-C 

What names did Guido d'Arezzo employ for the first six 
notes of the scale? What did he use to designate the 
lines and spaces on his four-line staff? What did this 
method of writing music insure? 680 

What do the musical compositions of Dunstable include? 
Name a three-part song which has come down to us. 
What is noteworthy concerning his French and Italian 
songs? What do his recently discovered works indicate? 600 

What type of musical composition did Dufay develop? What 

is the relation of his work to modern choral music? 598 

Of what early composer was Orlando di Lasso the fore- 
runner? Describe the character and extent of his com- 
positions. Name his chief work. State his influence. . 770 

READING AND REFERENCE: Williams, The Story of Nota- 
tion; Humphreys, Evolution of Church Music; Elson, Curi- 
osities of Music. 

ITALIAN MUSIC 

Who has been styled the "Homer of music?" What forms 

do his compositions include? Give his rank 827-C 

Relate the origin of the name oratorio. Sketch the early de- 
velopment of this form of composition 837-D 

146 



What work is regarded as the earliest oratorio? State how 

Cavalieri developed the monodic style 537 

Who originated the monodic style? Of what style of musical 

composition was he the forerunner? 809-E 

What was the result of Peri's attempt to reconstruct the 
music to the Greek tragedies? What composition by 
Peri is now regarded as the first opera?. 834 

Who was Monteverde's most famous pupil? In what style 
of music is he most noted? What features did he intro- 
duce? What is his relation to the modern opera? 537-1 

What form of music did Carissimi originate? 530 

Who first introduced orchestral accompaniments to recita- 
tives and arias in oratorio and opera? What school did 
he found? Discuss his compositions and influence 866-J 

What did Cherubini compose? What has he been styled?. . . 544 

By what is Rossini's music characterized? Mention three 

noted operas. State his rank among composers 859 

How many operas did Donizetti produce? Name four of the 

best known. By what quality are they noted? 594 

Mention a notable characteristic of Bellini's music. Name 

three of his best known operas 483 

By what operas did Verdi achieve international fame? In 
what style are these composed? Name his first opera in 
his second style. Mention other works of his greatest 
period. Discuss his Falstaff 906 

Name Ponchielli's first opera. State his popularity and 

rank in Italy. What is said of his La Gioconda? 842 

Discuss the influence of Boito's Mefistofele upon the develop- 
ment of modern opera. What transition does it mark? 
For what operas did Boito write librettos? 497 

By what German composer was Leoncavallo influenced? What 
opera by Leoncavallo achieved world-wide success? In 
what respect does he resemble WAGNER? 774 

By what operas did Puccini achieve fame? Upon what 
American novel was Madama Butterfly based? What 
opera did he write upon a purely American subject? 
What school of composition does Puccini represent?. . . . 845 

Discuss Franchetti's compositions. What does the opera 

Germania picture? 635 

Discuss the character and success of Mascagni's CavalJeria 

Rusticana. What is said of his later works? 798 

For what forms of composition is Perosi distinguished? 

Name his chief work 834 

147 



READING AND REFERENCE: Streatfeild, Masters of Italian 
Music; Ferris, Great Italian and French Composers; Haberl, 
Palestrina; Henderson, Forerunners of the Italian Opera; 
Wittmann, Cherubini; Bevan, Rossini; Pougin, Life of Verdi; 
Crowest, Verdi, Man and Musician. 

GERMAN MUSIC 

Who composed the first German opera? Between what 

great masters is he intermediate ? '. . 869-B 

Sketch the career of Reiser. How is his work important?. 755 

Who is regarded the father of modern music? 139 

Briefly describe the education and musical career of BACH. 
In what fields did he become distinguished? At what 
age did he begin to publish his compositions? 140-141 

What were BACH'S two favorite instruments? How did he 
tune the clavichord? What new method of fingering did 
he introduce? Name his best known work. Of what' 
musical compositions does it consist? 141 

Discuss BACH'S method of handling melody and harmony. 
In what did he particularly excel? What is said of his 
Passion Music and his sacred compositions in general? 
Is BACH'S music open to popular appreciation? Why 
is it valuable? What did HANDEL and Haydn say of 
BACH? 143 

Of the eleven sons of BACH, who became most distinguished 
in music? To what position did he rise? State his im- 
portance in musical history 465-D 

How did Gluck seek to reform the opera? Name his best 

known works. Of whom was he the forerunner? 664 

What important form of musical composition did Haydn 
originate? F©r whom did he first write his symphonies 
and quartets? Name his most noted oratorios 698 

Sketch the home life and surroundings of MOZART. De- 
scribe his remarkable musical precocity 147-148 

At what age did MOZART compose his first opera? What 

distinction had he attained at the age of sixteen? 148 

What opera did MOZART compose to gain the favor of the 

Weber family? State the outcome of this friendship. .148-149 

Describe the volume, range, and quality of MOZART'S musi- 
cal compositions. In what forms of music did he excel? 
What are the chief characteristics of his musical style? 
What changes did he effect in the opera? 148-150 

148 



What great work marks the high tide of MOZART'S genius? 
Describe the condition under which he composed The 
Magic Flute. What was its success? .... 149 

What school of opera was founded by Weber? Name his 

masterpieces. What later composer did he influence?. . 913 

Who is regarded the unsurpassed master of instrumental 

music ? 151 

Compare the child life and training of BEETHOVEN and 

MOZART 151 

Under what eminent masters did BEETHOVEN study in 

Vienna? With what concerto did he make his debut?. . 152 

At what age did BEETHOVEN'S hearing become impaired? 
Mention masterpieces produced after he became totally 
deaf. What was the effect of his affliction? 152-154 

When was the so-called Moonlight Sonata written? By whom 

was it inspired? 152-154 

Into what three periods may BEETHOVEN'S works be 
classed? Give characteristics or examples of each 
period. What is the rank of BEETHOVEN'S sym- 
phonies in world music ? Of his sonatas ? In what other 
forms did he excel? 155-156, 152 

What is BEETHOVEN'S chief title to fame? Discuss the 
universal quality of his genius. How does it resemble 
that of GOETHE? 156 

Under whom did Czerny study? In what did he win fame? 
Name two of his distinguished pupils. What valuable 
instructive works by Czerny are still in use? 574 

To what school of opera did Meyerbeer become a convert? 

Name three of his best known operas 805 

Upon what does Schubert's fame rest? At what age did he 
begin composing songs? What is remarkable about 
"The Erlking?" What form of music did he originate? 
Discuss his rank 868 

When did Mendelssohn first give public concerts? What 
well-known overture did he compose at the age of seven- 
teen? What is the rank of his oratorios, St. Paul and 
Elijah ? Name three other works 803 

Describe Schumann's career and influence on musical prog- 
ress. In what did he excel? What is his rank as a song 
composer? What is said of his piano music? 868 

State Clara Schumann's rank as pianist and composer. 

Whose compositions did she make widely known? 868 

149 



Describe how WAGNER first became attracted to musical 
composition. Name his first successful opera. Give the 
circumstances which led to Wagner's historic friendship 
with Liszt. State important results of this association. 
When, where, and by whom was Lohengrin first pro- 
duced? To what did this performance give rise, and 

with what final result? 156-158 

What noted works did WAGNER compose during his exile 
from Germany? Name three operas by WAGNER first 
produced in Munich. State the origin, purpose, and use of 
the Bayreuth theater. What was first performed there ?157~159 
When and where was Parsifal produced? Discuss its char- 
acter. In what respect did WAGNER fulfil Richter's 
conception of opera? How did WAGNER seek to reform 
the structure of the opera? Describe four principles of 

development embodied in the Wagnerian opera 159-160 

What has been the effect of WAGNER'S creation of the 
music-drama? What did the performance of the 
Nibelungen trilogy mark in German music? Discuss 

the rank of WAGNER among world composers 156-160 

Sketch the musical career of Liszt. With what noted 
musical event was he associated in 1850? Describe his 
connections with WAGNER. On what does Liszt's fame 

rest? Name his most noted composition 777 

Of whom was Thalberg a rival? In what did Thalberg excel? 894 

Discuss the importance of Franz as a song composer 638 

Whom does Heller resemble in style? 701 

Name two symphonies and two operas by Raff 848 

What application of WAGNER'S principles did Bruckner 

seek to achieve? In what did he excel? 516 

Who composed The Beautiful Blue Danube Waltz? 886-C 

Name the chief works of Goldmark. 666 

Who early recognized the genius of Brahms? To what 
school do Brahms's compositions belong? Describe 
their character and range. Name his most notable vocal 
work. With what masters did Von Bulow rank Brahms? 508 

In what forms of composition did Bruch excel? 516 

What German composer won success with fairy opera? 
Where were Hansel und Gretel and Die Konigskinder 

produced? 726-B 

For what are the works of Richard Strauss noted? Discuss 

his songs, orchestral works, and program music 886 

150 



For what compositions is Meyer-Helmund best known?.... 805 
Describe the character and extent of Hausegger's works.. 697 
Of whom is Reger regarded the logical successor? In what 

does Reger resemble Brahms? Describe his works 850 

Who is the leading composer of German comic opera? Name 

popular works. What serious work by him won success?. .926-F 
Describe the remarkable precocity of Korngold. With whom 
has he been compared? Discuss the range and character 

of his compositions 763 

READING AND REFERENCE: Ferris, Great German Com- 
posers; Fuller-Maitland, Masters of German Music; Fuller- 
Maitland, The Age of Bach and Handel; Jahn, Mozart; Nohl, 
Haydn; Mason, Beethoven and His Forerunners ; Grove, 
Beethoven's Nine Symphonies ; Benedict, Weber; Schumann, 
Music and Musicians ; Davison, From Mendelssohn to Wag- 
ner; Finck, Wagner and His Works; Kobbe, Wagner and His 
Works; Wagner, Opera and Drama; Elson, History of German 
Song; Erb, Brahms; Newman, Richard Strauss. 

ENGLISH MUSIC 

What do the recently discovered works of Dunstable reveal? 600 

Of what is Purcell styled the father? Name his important 

works. In what did he excel? What is his rank? 846 

Give an incident illustrating HANDEL'S early passion for 
music. Sketch his early career. At what age did he 
settle in London? Name and give date of his first Eng- 
lish oratorio. Describe his attempt to establish Italian 
opera in England 144-145 

To what field of musical composition did HANDEL then 
turn? When and where was the Messiah produced? 
What success attended his concerts of sacred music? 
What affliction overtook HANDEL in his old age? 145-146 

Discuss HANDEL'S fertility and rapidity as a composer. 
How long was he engaged in writing the Messiah? 
State the number and variety of his works 146 

In what field does HANDEL still remain unsurpassed? With 
what world masterpieces has the Messiah been ranked? 
Quote MOZART, BEETHOVEN, and Haydn concerning 
HANDEL 146-147 

What composer wrote the national air "Rule Britannia?". .459-B 

Who wrote the familiar melody to J. H. Payne's "Home, 

Sweet Home?" Sketch his musical career 492-F 

151 



Mention an opera, an oratorio, and a cantata by Benedict. . 484 

Where was Balfe born? Where did he study music? Under 
■whom did he sing in opera? When and where was 
his opera The Bohemian Girl first produced? 469 

Give the chief facts of Wallace's musical life. Name his 

most successful opera 910 

Sketch the career of Bennett. In what did he excel? 485 

In what field did Barnby excel? By what Is he best known? 472 

By what compositions is Sullivan best known? What other 
compositions are included in his works? Describe the 
character of his music 887 

Upon what does Tosti's reputation rest? 899 

Sketch the education and musical career of Parry. By what 

is he best known? Name important writings 830 

With what musical works did A. Goring Thomas win success? 895 

For what compositions is Cowen most noted? State his 

influence upon English music 565 

Sketch the musical career of Elgar. By what compositions 

did he achieve distinction? What is his rank? 607 

What compositions by German are most widely known? In 

what style does he excel? 657 

State how Delius began composing music. Under whom did 

he study? Give the characteristics of his style 585 

Of what type of music is Bantock a champion? State the 

range of his compositions, naming representative works. 471 

State Coleridge-Taylor's parentage and musical education. 

What do his compositions include? 555 

In what style are the compositions of Holbrooke? Discuss 

his instrumental and harmonic effects 715 

READING AND REFERENCE: Ford, Short History of English 
Music; Walker, History of Music in England; Fuller-Maitland, 
English Music in the Seventeenth Century ; Cusins, HandeVs 
Messiah; Fuller-Maitland, English Music in the Nineteenth 
Century; Buckley, Sir Edward Elgar; Davey, History of Eng- 
lish Music; Crowest, The Story of British Music; Walker, 
English Music. 

FRENCH MUSIC 
Who was the founder of French opera? Sketch his career, 
Mention the range and characteristics of his works. Of 

what did he become director? 785-B 

What Italian composer settled permanently in Paris? What 

works did he produce? Mention his masterpiece 544-F 

152 



Of whom was Auber a pupil? Mention four of Auber's best 

known operas. To what position did he rise? 463 

What great advances in music were made by Berlioz? State 
the debt of WAGNER, Liszt, and Strauss to Berlioz. 
Of what school of music was he the leader? 487 

How long did Halevy teach at the Paris conservatory? Name 

three of his pupils. What did he compose? 685 

What was Chopin's rank as a pianist? For what instrument 
did he almost exclusively compose? Describe his music. 
Of what has he been styled the poet? 546 

By what title did David come to be known? How did he 

inaugurate a new movement in French music? 579 

By what works is Ambroise Thomas best known? 895 

Where did Gounod study music? When did he produce the 
opera Faust? Which of his operas ranks next to Faust?. 
In what other fields did he win distinction? Name his 
notable sacred compositions. State his influence 671 

Sketch the musical career of Franck. What rank is now 

accorded him? Discuss his works and influence 637 

In what fields of- music did Saint-Saens win distinction? 

State the character and extent of his compositions 864 

Name the best known compositions by Delibes 585 

Upon what Opera does Bizet's fame as a composer rest?. . . . 492 

Outline Massenet's musical education and career. What do 

his works include? Discuss their qualities 799 

With whom is Faure classed among modern French com- 
posers? By what quality are his works characterized?. 620 

W T hat noted French baritone composed "The Palms?" 620-C 

With what two French masters of instrumental music is 
DTndy ranked? Of what school of composition did 
D'Indy become a leader? State the range of his works. 732 

By what notable opera did Charpentier win distinction? De- 
scribe its characteristics 543 

Discuss the qualities of Chaminade's compositions 540 

How did Debussy attain leadership of the new French 
school? Discuss the character and importance of his 
work. In what does he excel? How does he achieve 
new musical effects? State his position and influence.. 583 

READING AND REFERENCE: Hervey, Masters of French 
Music; Hervey, French Music in the Nineteenth Century; 
Huneker, Chopin; Bennett, Hector Berlioz; Tolhurst, Gounod; 
Finck, Massenet and His Operas; Liebig, Claude Deoussy. 

153 



RUSSIAN MUSIC 

Name the first noted Russian composer. Of what was he 
the pioneer? What operas did he write? Describe 
their character. State the range of his music 664-G 

What did Dargomyzhsky learn from Glinka? In what fields 
of music did Dargomyzhsky excel? What is his position 
among Russian composers? Discuss his operas 578 

Sketch the early education of Balakireff. What resulted 
from Glinka's encouragement? Describe Balakireff 's 
endeavor to found a modern Russian school of music. . . 468 

Give Rubinstein's rank among world pianists. State the 

character and extent of his compositions 86] 

Give the chief facts of Borodin's career. What eminent 
pianist first made his compositions known? What 
forms of music do they include? 503 

With what noted composer did Cui study music? What 

school of music did Cui champion? 571 

What noted composer encouraged Mussorgski in advanced 

musical study? Describe the opera Boris Godunov 815 

Who is the most eminent Russian composer? Name his 
world-famous symphony; his best opera. What other 
compositions do his works include? What is his place 
among world composers? .' 892-C 

Of what school did Rimski-Korsakov become leader? In 

what forms of composition did he excel? 855 

Sketch the musical career of Arenski. Whose musical ideals 

did he follow? What do his works include? 457 

With whom did Glazunov complete Borodin's Prince Igor? 

State the character of Glazunov's compositions 664 

Contrast Scriabine's earlier and later works. For what pur- 
pose did he introduce the so-called "color-keyboard" 
in his Poem of Fire? 870 

READING AND REFERENCE: Newmarch, Russian Opera; 
Ralston, The Songs of the Russian People; Soubies, His- 
tory of Russian Music (Fr.) ; Cui, Music in Russia (Fr.) ; 
Cui, The Russian Lied; Newmarch, Tschaikowsfcy ; McArthur, 
Anton Rubinstein. 

SCANDINAVIAN MUSIC 

What type of music did Kjerulf seek to develop? In what 
compositions did he excel? For what great singers did 
he compose songs? Name composers influenced by him. . 760 

154 



Under what noted composer did Gade study? What do Gade's 
compositions include? By what are they characterized? 
Name some of his best known works. What is Gade's 
rank in Scandinavian music? 646 

What Scandinavian composer was the first to win rank 
among world masters of music? Under whom did he 
study? Where did he spend his musical career? De- 
scribe the qualities of his piano music. What is the 
rank of his songs? What did Biilow style him? 678-A 

Of what school of composition did Hallen become the leader? 
By what compositions is he best known? What do his 
works include? 687 

For what are the piano compositions of Sinding noted? 

Briefly outline his musical education and career.... 877 

READING AND REFERENCE: Finck, Grieg and His Music; 
Mason, From Grieg to Brahms; Lee, Grieg; Elson, Modern 
Composers of Europe. 

MUSICAL ART 

State the rank and importance of the Garcias as teachers of 
singing. Who were the most noted pupils of the elder 
Garcia? Sketch the remarkable career of Manuel Garcia, 
What valuable invention did he make? What occurred 
on his hundredth birthday? Name some of his pupils. . 650 

Relate the chief events in the career of Malibran 792 

Name four distinguished pianists of the early nineteenth 
century, outlining the career and achievements of each. . 
546-E, 803-D, 701-B, 574-F 

Name five great pianists of the mid-nineteenth century, 

outlining the career of each. .777-D, 894-A, 861-D, 908-F, 891-E 

Mention five eminent pianists of the late nineteenth century, 

outlining the career of each. .445-H, 446-C, 826-E, 524-C, 665-F 

Mention two recent pianists of distinction, sketching in 

brief their attainments 646-A, 672-C 

Briefly sketch the careers of four distinguished women 

pianists 665-D, 868-F, 550-G, 533-B 

Who stood preeminent among recent teachers of the piano? 
By whom was he taught? Where did he settle per- 
manently? Mention noted pupils 774-G, 826-E, 646-A 

Mention five violinists of the nineteenth century, stating 

their rank and attainments. .826-F, 519-F, 487-C, 743-E, 932-G 

Name four eminent present-day violinists, sketching the 

career of each 764-D, 535-E, 765-A, 609-G 

155 



Mention five eminent musical conductors, describing briefly 

their achievements 777-D, 908-F, 623-P, 819-D, 708-A 

What great singer was called the "Swedish nightingale?" 
Describe her voice and outline her achievements. Name 
another Swedish singer, giving similar points. .776-D, 819-E 

Under what great teacher of singing did Marchesi receive 
instruction? In what conservatory did she first teach? 
Where did she later become world famous as an in- 
structor? Name six distinguished pupils 794 

Name six eminent Italian opera singers, giving in brief 

their achievements. 795-F, 870-G, 534-H, 678-G, 831-D, 893-G 

Name three dramatic sopranos who have won great dis- 
tinction in Wagnerian roles 773-B, 646-E, 587-C 

Relate the chief events in the artistic careers of the brothers 
De Reszke. For what was Edouard distinguished? In 
what roles was Jean unsurpassed? 852 

Sketch the musical education and operatic careers of Calve, 

Sembrich, and Melba 527, 871, 802 

Briefly describe the achievements of two present-day lieder 

singers of great distinction 868-H, 572-B 

In what field of singing has McCormack won success? 

Briefly sketch his musical training and career 787 

READING AND REFERENCE: Chapin, Masters of Music; 
Baptie, Musicians of All Times; Bingley, Musical Biography ; 
Ferris, Great Singers; Clayton, Queens of Song; Elson, The 
Musician's Guide; Lahee, Famous Singers; Lahee, Famous 
Pianists; Bie, A History of the Pianoforte and Pianoforte 
Players; Lahee, The Organ and Its Masters; Weitzmann, 
History of Pianoforte Playing; Pauer, Dictionary of Pianists; 
Ehrlich, Celebrated Pianists of the Past and Present; Lenz, 
The Great Piano Virtuosos of Our Time; Stoeving, The Story 
of the Violin; Hart, The Violin and Its Music; Ferris, Great 
Violinists and Pianists; Lahee, Famous Violinists; Parry, 
The Evolution of the Art of Music; Garcia, Art of Song; 
Marchesi, Ten Singing Lessons; Lehmann, How to Sing; 
Shakespeare, Art of Singing; Greene, Interpretation in 
Singing; Wagner, On Conducting; Riemann, Dictionary of 
Musicians; Baker, Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. 



156 



AMERICAN PAINTING 

EARLY PERIOD— 1750-1825 

Historical and Figure. How did Copley learn painting? At 
what age and in what field did he win distinction? Who 
invited him to London? Whose portraits did he paint 
there? What do his American portraits represent? 561 

Sketch the early career of Benjamin West. Where did he 
• (finally settle? Whom did he succeed as president of 
the royal academy? State his Influence 916 

Under what noted artists did C. W. Peale study? For what 
painting is he now best known? What was his connec- 
tion with the first American academy of fine arts? 832 

Give Stuart's rank in early American art. Who recognized 
his talent? Name eminent persons in England whose 
portraits he painted. When did he return to America? 
Whose portraits did he then execute? Name his most 
celebrated portraits. Discuss their qualities 886 

Briefly sketch Trumbull's career. What pictures did he 

paint for the capitol at Washington? 901 

How has Vanderlyn's "Landing of Columbus" 'been used? 904 

By what paintings is Rembrandt Peale best known? 832 

With whom did Allston form an intimate friendship while 

at Rome? What subjects did he chiefly paint? 450 

For what paintings was Sully noted? Name four eminent 

(personages whose portraits he executed 888 

MIDDLE PERIOD— 1826-1875 

Historical and Figure. Where and under whom did W. M. 
Hunt study painting? What school did he organize and 
conduct? How did he teach art? What is said of the 
quality of his work? State his influence 727 

Of what presidents did Eastman Johnson paint portraits?. . 746 

Give the characteristics of Fuller's work. Of what school was 

he the forerunner? Name important works 644 

By what historical paintings is Rossiter well known? 859 

What artist painted "Washington Crossing the Delaware?" 

Name three other historical paintings 775-A 

For what work is Huntington most widely known? Under 

whom did he study? Describe his most noted picture. . 727 

Name three great men whose portraits Inman painted.. 732 

157 



Landscape and Marine. The Hudson River school. Who is 
regarded the founder of this school? What important 
field of American art developed from it? 555-D 

Who, with Cole, is considered the founder of landscape art 

in America? What innovation did he practice? 601-E 

What is the rank of Kensett among early American land- 
scape artists? In what subjects did he excel? 757 

Name some of S. R. Gifford's most noted pictures. What 

did he seek to embody in his landscapes? 660 

Why is Inness regarded the foremost American painter of 
landscape? Of what group was he leader? Mention 
five noted paintings. Where is the best public exhibit 
of his works? 733 

By what pictures did Church win recognition? Where did 

he travel and paint? Mention two works 547 

What scenes did Bierstadt specialize? What did he, with 

Church and Moran, introduce into American art? 491 

Under what artistic influences did Richards for a time fall? 

Discuss the merits of his marine paintings 853 

What American landscape artist ranks second to Inness? 
Outline his career. What great physical handicap did 
he overcome? Name five examples of his work 929-E 

Which of Moran's landscapes were purchased by congress?. . 810 

What scenes did R. S. Gifford choose for his landscapes?. . . . 660 

RECENT PERIOD— 1876— 

Historical and Figure. State Whistler's position in the de- 
velopment of modern art. With what did he imbue his 
work? In what did he resemble the art of the Japanese? 
Name his most noted painting 917 

Of whom was La Farge a pupil? Discuss the influence of 

La Farge on American art. Name three paintings. . . . 766 

Discuss the characteristics of Vedder's style. Where is his 

"Cums&an Sibyl?" Mention noted mural decorations. . . . 905 

Sketch the artistic career of F. D. Millet. Of what dis- 
tinguished body was he a member? , 806 

Who designed the mosaics "Law" and "History" in the 

library of congress? Sketch his career and influence. .590-F 

What artist painted "Christmas Bells" and "The Angel 

with the Flaming Sword?" Mention other works. .. .495-A 

What is Abbey's rank among historical painters? For 
what are his pictures remarkable? What great writer's 
works did he illustrate? Name three mural paintings. . 439 

158 



What eminent figure and portrait artist excelled in paint- 
ing still life? 544-A 

Describe Thayer's treatment of figure compositions. Name 

and locate three (examples 894 

Sketch the artistic career of J. Alden Weir. What does his 

work include? Where are examples found? 914 

With what eminent French artists did Low study? Where 

are his most important mural decorations? 783-G, 

What noted American pupil of Gerome won distinction as 

painter of mother and child compositions? 517-B 

Sketch the career of Alexander from telegraph hoy to 
national academician. Name three noted portraits. 
Name and locate three paintings. In what did he excel? 448 

Give the rank of Kenyon Cox as a mural painter. Mention 

three of his most notable mural decorations 566 

Sketch the artistic career of Walter Gay. To what is his 

later work chiefly devoted? Describe his style 653 

Give the rank of Sargent among portrait painters. What is 

said of his mural decorations? Name works 866 

Under whom did Hassam study' painting? What French 

style did he adopt? 696 

What noted American artist has devoted himself chiefly to 
painting Dutch peasant life? Describe his method and 
style. Where are his "Peace" and "War?" 802-F 

For what pictures was Remington noted? Sketch his career 851 

Describe the artistic career of Elizabeth Nourse. Where 

did she win distinction? In what does she excel?.... 821 

Discuss Benson's influence as a teacher and rank as a 

painter. Name characteristic works 485 

What American woman painter excels in portraits of chil- 
dren? Briefly sketch her career 566-D 

What movement in American painting did Henri lead? What 

influence did he exert? Describe his style 702 

Landscape ( and Marine. What eminent American landscape 
painter was practically self-taught? In what group did 
he become a leader? Give his rank in American art. . .797-C 

Under whom did Tiffany study landscape painting? To what 

branch of decorative art was he devoted? 897 

How do the landscapes of Inness Jr. resemble his father's 

work? Mention four of his animal pictures 733 

Who is regarded the leading American painter of the ocean 
and seafaring folk? Sketch his life. Name and locate 
four paintings. What is notable in his style? 717-H 

159 



What American artist first won success with paintings of 

California? To what rank did he rise? 915-G 

For what did T. A. Harrison become noted? Give his rank 

among marine painters. Name important works 695 

GENERAL REVIEW 

Name three early American painters who executed portraits 

of Washington 886-G, 901-D, 832-B 

Name three American artists who painted portraits of John 

Quincy Adams 561-H, 886-G, 746-A 

Name two artists who painted portraits of Jefferson . .886-G, 888-A 

What noted artist painted portraits of the first five Ameri- 
can presidents? 886-G 

What American artist executed portraits of three presidents, 

including J. Q. Adams and Benjamin Harrison? 746-A 

Name three early American historical painters and a Well- 
known picture by each 901-D, 775-A, 859- J 

Name and mention works of three leading American marine 

painters 717-H, 695-B, 853-H 

Name three artists regarded as the greatest American 

masters of landscape painting 733-B, 797-C, 929-E 

Name a leading portrait painter of the early and one of the 

recent period 886-G, 866-A 

What recent artist excelled in portraits of women? Of 

mother and child? Of children? 448-D, 517-B, 566-D 

Mention three American painters who became distinguished 

in the art of stained glass-making 766-A, 897-E, 783-G 

Name five eminent American painters who established resi- 
dence in London 916-C, 886-G, 917-D, 439-B, 866-A 

Name three noted American artists who located permanently 

in Paris 653-P, 695-B, 821-C 

What distinguished American painter settled in Rome? 905-H 

Make a list of ten painters who have done distinguished 

work in mural decoration, naming a work by each 439-B, 

495-A, 566-C, 727-C, 766-A, 783-G, 802-F, 806-C, 866-A, 905-H 

Name nine eminent American painters whose work is repre- 
sented in the great Luxembourg gallery of contemporary 

art in Paris 

448-D, 653-F, 695-B, 717-H, 802-F, 821-C, 866-A, 914-D, 917-D 

Make a list of fourteen painters who have been elected to the 
American academy of arts and letters, stating the field 
in which each won distinction.439-B, 448-D, 495-A, 517-B, 544-A, 
566-C, 717-H, 766-A, 802-F, 806-C, 866-A, 894-C, 905-H, 914-D 

160 



READING AND REFERENCE: Isham, History of American 
Painting; Caffin, American Masters of Painting; Tuckerman, 
Book of the Artists; \an Dyke, History of American Art; 
Hartmann, History of American Art; Benjamin, Art in 
America; Lester, Artists of America; Mach, Outlines of the 
History of Painting; Sheldon, American Painters; Clement 
and Hutton, Artists of the Nineteenth Century; Cummings, 
Annals of the National Academy; Blashfield, Mural Paint- 
ing in America; Pauline King, American Mural Painting; 
Biographical Sketches of American Artists (Michigan State 
Library). 

WORLD PAINTING 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Van Dyke, His- 
tory of Painting; Woltman and Woerman, History of Paint- 
ing; Wedmore, Painters and Painting; Viardot, History of 
Painting; Mach, Outlines of the History of Painting; Hoyt, 
The World's Painters; Wornum, Epochs of Painting; Ruskin, 
Modern Painters; Bryan, Dictionary of Painters; William- 
son, Great Masters; Champlin, Cyclopedia of Painters and 
Painting; Van Dyke, Meaning of Pictures. 

ANCIENT PAINTING 

What Greek artist is regarded as the father of historical 
painting? By whom was he praised? What other 
advances in the art were attempted toy this artist?. .842-D 

State Pliny's estimate of Parrhasius' painting. Speak of 
the rivalry between Parrhasius and Zeuxis. Relate the 
story of their contest of skill 830 

Name the most celebrated painter of ancient times. What 
Greek school of art was characterized by fine coloring? 
By accurate drawing? Which of this artist's pictures 
was preserved in the temple of Diana? Mention his 
most celebrated painting. Describe the characteristics 
of his style 456-C 

In what did Zeuxis excel? Name three of his famous works. 

By what Latin writers are his works mentioned?.... 934 

In what century did Polygnotus flourish? Parrhasius? 

Apelles? Zeuxis? 842, 830, 456, 934 

READING AND REFERENCE: Reber, History of Ancient Art; 
Perrot and Chipiez, Art in Greece; Wickhoff, Roman Art; 
Strong, Art in Rome. 

161 



ITALIAN PAINTING 

FOURTEENTH CENTURY AND EARLIER 

Florentine School. What restorer of the art of painting in 
Italy was DANTE'S friend? Of what character are his 
paintings? Mention a madonna which still remains. . .547- J 

What were the relations of Giotto with DANTE and 
Oimabue? State the character and extent of his work. 
What did he introduce into Italian painting? State 
his influence in the development of Italian art 662 

What frescoes by Orcagna still survive? By what great 

artists' were his paintings later studied? 824 

FIFTEENTH CENTURY— EARLY RENAISSANCE 

Florentine School. Sketch briefly the life of Fra Angelico. 
What are his most important frescoes ? Name and locate 
two fine paintings now outside of Italy — 453 

In what was Fra Filippo Lippi superior to his predecessors? 

For what qualities are his paintings noted? 776 

With whom does Domenico Ghirlandajo rank among 
Florentine painters? What are his finest works? What 
great master of art was his pupil? 659 

Sketch the career of Botticelli. Mention some of his works. 

State his rank among Florentine painters 504 

Paduan School. Who was the chief master of this school? 
Where did he chiefly spend his life? Name his greatest 
works. Where are they now exhibited? Give char- 
acteristics of his style. State his rank as an engraver. 793-G 

Venetian School. Who were the founders of this important 

school? 483-C, 483-B 

Sketch the life of Giovanni Bellini. By what great artist 
was he influenced? Mention three of his noted pictures. 
Name his most distinguished pupils 483 

Describe the character and qualities of Carpaccio's paintings. 

Whose influence do they reflect? 531 

SIXTEENTH CENTURY— HIGH RENAISSANCE 

Schools of Florence, Umbria, and Rome. What consummate, 

artist was a pupil of Verrocchio? 112 

Briefly sketch DA VINCI'S career, noting his diverse 

achievements 112-116 

How was DA VINCI employed at Milan? 113 

Name DA VINCI'S greatest painting. Sketch its history. .113-114 

162 



In what capacity did DA VINCI enter the service of Cesare 
Borgia? What world-famous portrait did he paint? De- 
scribe its qualities. Where is the "Mona Lisa" now 
located? Give an incident in its recent history 114-115 

Discuss DA VINCI'S contribution to the progress of art.. 115 

What did DA VINCI invent? What characteristics of his 
style reappear in the works of RAPHAEL and 
MICHELANGELO? 116 

To what master's work was Fra Bartolommeo indebted? 
What resulted from his association with RAPHAEL? 
Describe the character of Bartolommeo's paintings 475 

In what .three fields of art was MICHELANGELO cele- 
brated? In which did he first win distinction? 116 

Relate the history of MICHELANGELO'S first great triumph 

as a painter 117 

Where is MICHELANGELO'S famous fresco "The Last 

Judgment?" How long was he engaged on this? 116-118 

Describe the periods into which MICHELANGELO'S work 
falls. Name and discuss the great elements of his style- 
Why has he been called the DANTE of the arts? 119 

Who is universally regarded the greatest of all painters? 

Briefly sketch his early life and training 120 

By what painters of the Umbrian school was RAPHAEL in- 
structed? What artists of Florence became his friends? 
By the works of what two great masters was he bene- 
fited? How did these influence his style? 120 

What noted madonna was painted by RAPHAEL during his 

residence in Florence? 121 

Outline RAPHAEL'S work at Rome. Name and locate six 

of his madonnas. Three other noted works 122 

Describe the rivalry of MICHELANGELO and RAPHAEL.122-123 

In what periods may RAPHAEL'S work be grouped? 120-124 

Give reasons for the enduring universal popularity of 
RAPHAEL'S paintings. Quote in substance Kugler and 
Hazlitt as to RAPHAEL'S preeminence among painters. 124 

Where and how was Ridolfo Ghirlandajo educated in art? 
What resulted from his study of DA VINCI'S works? 
Mention two of Ghirlandajo's best early paintings 659 

What was Andrea del Sarto's real name? What great mas- 
ters did he rival in drawing and in color? 866 

Who was the most eminent of RAPHAEL'S pupils? How did 

he assist his master? Mention his best known pictures. 663-C 

163 



Lombard School. In what noted school did Luini study? 

To whom were many of his works formerly attributed? 

Describe the chief charm of Luini's work 785 

Parma School. Why was Antonio Allegri called Correggio? 

For what qualities are his works unsurpassed? With 

whom does he rank among the most eminent painters 

of Italy? What does he share with DA VINCI? 564 

Venetian School. Of whom was Giorgione a pupil? By what 

qualities are his paintings characterized? Name and 
locate four representative works. State his rank.. 662 
Who was the greatest of Venetian painters? Sketch the 

leading events of his remarkable life 125-128 

Under whom did TITIAN first study? Whose example did 

he later follow? Discuss his rivalry of Giorgione 125 

Relate briefly TITIAN'S rise as a painter. When did he 

visit Rome? By whom was he received? Who acted as 

his guide? What ruler twice summoned TITIAN to his 

court? What noted works did TITIAN execute there?. . 126 
How many works are attributed to TITIAN? What is his 

rank as a portrait painter? As a landscape artist? 127 

Discuss the qualities of TITIAN'S style. For what is it 

notably distinguished? In what is he superior even to 

RAPHAEL and to Correggio? 127 

Why was Robusti called Tintoretto? For what is his work 

noted? Name his masterpiece and four other works. . . 898 
With what great contemporaries was Paolo Veronese held in 

equal esteem? Name five of his most celebrated works. 

Which is now in the United States? 525-H 

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY— ECLECTICS-NATURALISTS 

Bolognese School. With whom did Lodovico Carracci found 

a school of painting? Name three of his works 532 

Who was the greatest painter of the Carracci family? What 

great artists influenced his style? 532-F 

Who were the greatest pupils of the Carracci? Where was 
Domenichino born? What is his masterpiece? What 
is its rank among world paintings? 593-1 

What school did Guido Reni follow before developing his 
individual style? What fresco is considered his master- 
piece? Name four other famous paintings 851 

Describe the qualities of Dolci's paintings 593 

Neapolitan School. How did Salvator Rosa spend his youth? 

To what classes of pictures does he owe his fame?.. 859 

164 



READING AND REFERENCE: Woefflin, The Art of the Italian 
Renaissance ; Crowe and Cavalcaselle, New History of Paint- 
ing in Italy; Scott, The Renaissance of Art in Italy; Brown 
and Rankin, Short History of Painting in Italy; Viardot, 
Wonders of Italian Art; Kugler, Italian Schools of Paint- 
ing; Lanzi, History of Painting in Italy; Lindsay, His- 
tory of Christian Art; Morelli, Italian Painters; Symonds, 
Life of Michelangelo ; Vasari, Lives of the Artists. 

FLEMISH PAINTING 

Early Period, Who were the founders of Flemish paint- 
ing? With what invention are they credited? 616-F 

What work by Hubert van Eyck remains? Name and locate 

five paintings by John van Eyck 616 

Seventeenth Century. Name the greatest of the Flemish painters. 
Give proofs of the versatility of his genius 128-131 

Speak of the first important commission which RUBENS re- 
ceived. What is conceded to be his masterpiece? 129 

Mention a famous picture by RUBENS in Antwerp; Paris; 

Vienna; Munich; Cologne; London; Madrid 129-13i 

Discuss the range of subjects treated by RUBENS 130-131 

Compare RUBENS and TITIAN; RUBENS and RAPHAEL. 131 

Mention two features in RUBENS'S paintings which exer- 
cised a far-reaching influence. Name his greatest pupil. 131 

For what paintings was Snyders celebrated? In what did 

he excel? Where are the best examples of his work?. . 879 

Give the rank of Jordaens among the pupils of RUBENS. In 

what did he excel? What subjects did he treat? 749 

For what was Van Dyck distinguished? Of whom was he a 
pupil? Where did he become court painter? Name his 
greatest historical painting and his best portrait 904 

What subjects do the paintings of Teniers include? Give 

examples. What is said of their value? 892 

In what field of painting was Huysmans noted? Compare 

his style with that of Poussin 729 

NINETEENTH CENTURY— BELGIUM 

For what paintings did Gallait become noted? What ten- 
dencies did he represent? State his influence on Belgian 
painting. Mention five works 648 

What subjects did Meunier treat in his paintings? In what 

style are they executed ? 804 

165 



READING AND REFERENCE: Crowe and Cavalcaselle, Early 
Flemish Painters; Rooses, Art in Flanders; Wouters, The 
Flemish School; Fromentin, Old Masters of Belgium and 
Holland; Van Dyke, Old Dutch and Flemish Masters. 

DUTCH PAINTING 

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY— CLASSIC PERIOD 

Who is the first great painter of the Dutch national school? 
Of what is he regarded the founder? Compare him with 
REMBRANDT 687-F 

Who was REMBRANDT? At what age and where did he 
begin his independent career? Show why this city was 
favorable to such work as REMBRANDT'S 136 

Briefly describe the first picture which placed REM- 
BRANDT among the Dutch masters. Give points of in- 
terest regarding his "Sortie of the Civic Guard." .136-137 

Name and describe REMBRANDT'S greatest work. Name 
one of the most remarkable of REMBRANDT'S his- 
torical pictures; landscapes; etchings 138-139 

Enumerate the qualities which entitle REMBRANDT to the 

high place he holds in the world of art.' 136-139 

For what was Van der Heist famous ? Name his best work. 701 

In what did Dou excel? Describe the qualities of his works. 595 

In what field was Potter celebrated? What do his paintings 

depict? What qualities do they display? 843 

Describe the character of Ruysdael's landscapes. What 

scenes did he depict? State his rank 862 

Give the main facts of the life and achievements of Jan 

Steen. In what is his genius best shown? 883 

In what features of marine painting did Baekhuysen excel?. . 465 

Sketch briefly Hobbema's training and career as a painter. 

Compare his work with that of Ruysdael 713 

NINETEENTH CENTURY— MODERN SCHOOL 

Sketch the artistic career of Israels. By what type of paint- 
ing did he attain eminence? Compare his work with 
that of Millet. Name his best known works 735 

What modern Dutch painter was largely self-taught? Give 

the character and quality of his work. His rank 800-D 

READING AND REFERENCE: Bode, Great Masters of Dutch 
and Flemish Painting; Van Dyke, Old Dutch and Flemish 
Masters; Rooses, Dutch Painting in the Nineteenth Century. 

166 



GERMAN PAINTING 

LATE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES 

Give the chief facts in the career of Diirer. In what did he 
resemble MICHELANGELO? Discuss his qualities and 
characteristics. In what two fields was he preeminent? 
What is his rank in German art? 601 

What eminent painter was an intimate friend of LUTHER 
and Melanchthon? Sketch his career. What has he 
been styled? Of what do his best works consist? 567-A 

What is the rank of Holbein as a portrait painter? Discuss 
the characteristics of his portraits. In what other field 
was he eminent? State his place in German art 715 

NINETEENTH CENTURY— MODERN SCHOOLS 
What school of painting did Cornelius found? Of what acad- 
emy did he become head? Describe the character and 
style of his work. State his influence on German art. . . 563 

Discuss the achievements of the Begas family. 481 

To what subjects did Rieder devote himself? Of what did 

he become professor ? 854 

Sketch the career of Kaulbach. Discuss his style 753 

Under what artists did Graefle study painting? Name his 

masterpiece. Of whom did he paint portraits? 671 

In what two fields was Menzel distinguished? What sub- 
jects did he chiefly paint? To what rank did he rise?. . 803 

What special subjects did Hillemacher portray? 711 

In what field was Piloty distinguished? What element did 
he reinstate in German painting? State his success and 
influence as a teacher. Name works now in America. . 838 
In what element does Bocklin excel? Name four representa- 
tive works. Where are his works best represented?. . . . 496 

Name and locate Grosse's representative works 679 

Sketch the life and achievements of Defregger. What sub- 
jects did he portray? Discuss the character of his work. 584 
Name the most eminent portrait painter of modern Germany. 
Sketch his education and career. What is said of the 

range and importance of his portraits? 773-F 

Give the chief facts in the life of Munkacsy. By what pic- 
ture did he first win success? What world-famous pic- 
ture by him is owned in the United States? 814 

By what paintings is Carl Wagner best known? 908 

What subjects has Sichel chiefly painted? 875 

167 



What is noteworthy concerning the ancestry of Zick? To 

what fields has his work been devoted? 935 

Sketch the life of Papperitz, naming typical works 828 

READING AND REFERENCE: Dickinson, German Masters of 
Art; Pietsch, Contemporary German Art; Kugler, German, 
Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting; Cust, Albrecht 
Dilrer. 

SPANISH PAINTING 

What style of painting was Herrera the first in Spain to 

adopt? State the range and characteristics of his work. 707 

Who is considered the greatest of the Spanish painters?.. 132 

Under what painter did VELASQUEZ take training? Dis- 
cuss his influence on VELASQUEZ 707-A, 132 

Speak of the method adopted hy VELASQUEZ and of the 
models he selected. Give two early productions which 
were prophetic of his later work 132 

Discuss the relationship of VELASQUEZ and Philip IV, and 

show how they were mutually helpful 132-134 

What Flemish painter turned the attention of VELASQUEZ 

to Italy? With what results? 133-134 

Give the attitude of VELASQUEZ toward fellow artists. 134-135 

What historic painting by VELASQUEZ is regarded one of 

the finest in the world? 134 

Quote in substance Ford and Lefort on VELASQUEZ 135 

Describe the character and qualities of Zurbaran's style. 

Compare the works of VELASQUEZ and Zurbaran 936 

Sketch the career and achievements of Murillo. Of whom 
was he a pupil? To what artistic eminence did he rise? 
What religious subject did he often paint? Which 
painting has been included among the so-called "world 
pictures ?" 814 

In what three fields of art did Goya achieve distinction? 

By what qualities are his paintings characterized?.. 671 

State the influence of Fortuny's style on Spanish art. Men- 
tion some of his most notable pictures 633 

In what modern school of painting did Sorolla become a 
leader? Describe the range of his subjects and the im- 
portant characteristics of his paintings 880 

With whom does Zuloaga share preeminence in recent Span- 
ish art? Sketch his artistic career. By what work did 
he first win distinction? Discuss the character and 
qualities of his style. Name representative works. . 936 

168 



READING AND REFERENCE: Caffin, Story of Spanish Paint- 
ing; Hartley, A Record of Spanish Painting; Temple, 
Modern Spanish Painting; Stirling-Maxwell, Annals of the 
Artists of Spain; Cole, Old Spanish Masters; Dieulafoy, Art 
in Spain and Portugal. 

FRENCH PAINTING 

SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES 

Landscape. Who was the creater of classic landscape? What 

was his influence upon French painting? 843-1 

In what field of painting did Claude Lorraine become pre- 
eminent? What is said of his Italian landscapes? For 
what are his works remarkable? 550 

Figure and Historical. Name four of Bourdon's most noted 

works. Where was he made court painter? 505 

What historical painter is regarded the founder of the 

French school of painting? Outline his career 771-J 

Genre and Decorative. In what subjects did Greuze excel? 

Discuss his work and rank among French painters. . 677 

Of what style is Fragonard's work the culmination? De* 
scribe the subjects and the qualities of his painting. 
Give the history of his "Romance of Love and Youth.". . 635 

NINETEENTH CENTURY 

Classicists. Of what modern French school of painting was 

David the founder? Discuss the character and qualities 
* of his work, and his influence on French painting. How 

was he honored by NAPOLEON? Name four works.. 580 
Of whom was Qerard a pupil? In what did he excel? By 

what title did he become known? Mention four famous 

portraits and two historical paintings. . . ; 657 

What pupil of David became leader of the classicist school? 

-Name his finest epic painting. Mention other works. 732-H 
Where did Gros study painting? For what pictures did he 

become famous? What does his art represent? 679 

Semi-Classicists. Sketch the artistic training and career of 

Gerome. Discuss his work. Between what two modern 

schools is it intermediate? Mention six noted pictures. 658 
Describe the early life of Bouguereau. With what painting 

did he first win fame? To what is his work confined?. . 504 
Romanticists. What qualities did Delaroche endeavor to 

unite in his pictures? Of what character is his historical 

work? Name illustrative examples 585 

169 



Who was the foremost painter of the romantic school? In 
what respect has he been compared with RUBENS? 
Describe the range and quality of his paintings 584-E 

What group of subjects did Decamps introduce into French 
art? In what did he excel? Describe the characteristics 
of his paintings, Name three noted works 583 

Under whom did Couture study? For what are Couture's 
paintings noted? State his influence as a teacher, nam- 
ing pupils who became eminent. Name well-known works. 565 

Under whom did Frere study? Name the chief subjects of 

Frere's paintings. In what qualities do they excel? 641 

What French painter became noted for his pictures of Arab 

life? Where may examples be found in America? 643-D 

BarMzon Painters — Landscape. When did Rousseau settle 
at Barbizon? Near what noted forest is it located? Of 
what distinguished group did he become the leader? 
Whom did it include? What is its importance in land- 
scape art? Upon what principles did the adherents of 
this school insist? Discuss the qualities of Rousseau's 
paintings. State his place in landscape art 860 

State the rank of Corot among the Barbizon painters. Dis- 
cuss the qualities of his pictures. Why are his land- 
scapes called "painted music?" Where is his work best 
represented ? 563 

Compare Diaz with other Barbizon painters. Name four 

paintings. Where may his works be seen? 589 

In what qualities of landscape art did Dupre excel? What 
striking comparison is made of his work with that of 
Rousseau and Corot? 601 

For what types of landscape was Daubigny noted? Describe 

their artistic qualities 579 

Barbizon Painters — Peasant Life. Sketch the career of 
Millet. To what subjects were his works chiefly de- 
voted? State qualities of his paintings. What is Millet's 
rank as a painter? Name and locate works in the 
United States 806 

For what qualities are Breton's pictures admired? What 
was remarkable about "The First Communion?" Name 
and locate two well-known paintings now in America. .. 509 

BarMzon Painters — Animals. In what field did Troyon first 
achieve distinction? What led him to turn to animal 
painting? To what rank did he rise? Name his most 
famous picture now in the Louvre 901 

170 



Outline the life and achievements of Rosa Bonheur. Give 
the history of the "Horse Fair." Name two other 
works. Mention a noteworthy incident connected with 
her studio at Fontainebleau 500 

Realists. Who was the founder of the French realistic school 

of painting? Briefly outline his career 565-B 

In what two fields of painting was Bonnat distinguished? 

Name three of his most noted portraits BOO 

What were the subjects of Tissot's early paintings? De- 
scribe his series illustrating the Life of Christ 898 

Sketch Duran's artistic career. What qualities do his earlier 
paintings display? In what do his portraits excel? 
Name two distinguished American pupils. In what re- 
spects did Sargent surpass Duran? 601 

Portrait and Figure. Sketch the career of Vigee-Lebrun. For 
what qualities are her portraits noted? By what portraits 
is she best known? 907 

In what field did Cormon excel? Under what artists did he 

study? Name noted paintings 563 

Military. In what wars did Meissonier serve? Name three 
of his most famous military pictures. 'Speak of the 
extent of his work 802 

Of whom was Detaille a pupil? For what was he noted? 
What famous picture was exhibited in the United States 
by the French government? Compare Detaille and 
Meissonier 587 

Impressionists. Under whom did Manet study? What new 
style did he develop? What was its chief tenet? By 
what noted writer were his principles advocated? 793 

How did Monet form his style? What did he endeavor to 
depict? What now famous picture suggested the name 
for the impressionist school? When were Monet's ideas 
finally recognized? Name characteristic pictures 808 

~Kew Idealists. In what field did Cazin win distinction? To 
what rank did he rise? Describe the subjects and quali- 
ties of his landscapes 538 

READING AND REFERENCE: Kingsley, History of French 
Art; Mauclair, The Great French Painters; Stranahan, His- 
tory of French Painting; Brownell, French Art; Hamerton, 
Contemporary French Painting; Van Dyke, Modern French 
Masters; Thomson, Millet and the Baroizon School; Mollet, 
Painters of Baroizon; Rolland, Millet; Mauclair, The 
French Impressionists. 

171 



BRITISH PAINTING 

EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES 

Historical and Figure. By what pictures did Hogarth win 

•fame? Name his masterpiece 715 

For what was Reynolds distinguished? Outline his career. 

State the reputed number of his portraits 852 

By what qualities are the portraits of Gainsborough noted? 

Name and locate his most celebrated picture 647 

Whom did Romney rival as a portrait painter? Name and 

locate a noted painting now in America 858 

Describe the qualities of Raeburn's portraits. What earlier 

masters do Raeburn's works resemble? 848 

Who succeeded Reynolds as painter to George III? Whose 

portraits did he paint? Discuss his work 771-F 

Relate how Eastlake came to produce a portrait of 

NAPOLEON. State his influence on British art 602 

What is the character of Watts's work? Name five of his 

best paintings. Which is represented by a replica at 

Washington? Mention eight of his noted portraits 913 

Sketch the art education of Leighton. Name his first famous 

picture. Mention noted works now in America 773 

Sketch briefly the career of Alma-Tadema. In what special 

field of painting -did he win distinction? Mention six 

of his noted historical pictures 450 

Describe the character and qualities of Fildes'-s work 624 

What subjects do Crofts's historical paintings treat? 569 

What noted artist succeeded Ruskin as professor of art at 

Cambridge? Outline his career 706-E 

What scenes did Margaret Dicksee chiefly depict? Name five 

representative works 590 

Landscape and Marine. What so-called school of painting 

did Crome the Elder found? Discuss his work 570 

Who ranks first among landscape painters of the English 
school? What is his most striking quality? Name 

three celebrated paintings in the national gallery, 

London. Name and locate three now in America 902-B 

Outline the career of Constable. Why is he styled the father 

of modern landscape art? Give name and location of 

his best pictures 559 

Sketch the career of David Cox. In what two fields was 

he noted? Give his position in landscape art 566 

Name four noted paintings by Sir Alfred East 602 

172 



The Pre-Raphaelites. Sketch the artistic education of Ford 
Madox Brown. With what noted group of painters was 
he associated? With what is he credited? 514 

With whom did Holman Hunt associate in forming the 
pre-Raphaelite brotherhood? State its aim. Mention 
early works in this style. Name two later works 
and the sums received for them. What is his best 
known painting? 727 

Name six of Rossetti's most noted paintings 859 

What do the paintings of Millais include? State the quali- 
ties of his style. For what are his portraits noted? 
Name six. Mention other important paintings 805 

Sketch the education and career of Burne-Jones. Of what 
type are his pictures? In what do they excel? Mention 
six. State his influence on English art 522 

How are Crane's paintings classified? Name four representa- 
tive paintings. In what field did he become leader?.. 567 

Water-Colorists. What noted landscape painter became Eng- 
land's foremost water-colorist? Discuss his work. . . .566-B 

What is the place of William Henry Hunt in English art? 
Give Ruskin's estimate. Describe the character and 
qualities of his pictures 727 

Animals. Sketch the life and achievements of Dandseer. 
What did he chiefly paint? Explain the reason for the 
great popularity of his works 768 

READING AND REFERENCE: Cook, Art in England; Cun- 
ningham, Lives of Most Eminent British Artists; Ruskin, 
Art in England; Scott, British Landscape Painters'; Waagen, 
Works of Art and Artists in Great Britain; Redgrave, A 
Century of British Painters; Monkhouse, British Contem- 
porary Artists; Martin, The Glasgow School; White, The 
Master Painters of Britain; Beers, History of English 
Romanticism in the Nineteenth Century; Armstrong, Art 
in Great Britain and Ireland; Chesneau, The English School 
of Painting; Cunningham, Great English Painters; McKay, 
The Scottish School of Painting; Hodgson, Fifty Years of 
British Art; Bate, English Pre-Raphaelite Painters; Hunt, 
Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 



173 



SCULPTURE 

GENERAL, READING AND REFERENCE: Lubke, History of 
Sculpture; Short, History of Sculpture; Marquand and 
Frothingham, Text-Book of the History of Sculpture; 
Reinach, Apollo; Viardot, Wonders of Sculpture. 

ANCIENT SCULPTURE 

What place does PHIDIAS occupy in world sculpture? 109-112 

Under whose patronage did PHIDIAS become prominent as 
a sculptor? Why was the period conducive to the de- 
velopment of genius? 109 

Name the first three public works executed by PHIDIAS. 
Tell something of the "Athena Promachos." Of the 
Minerva at Pellene. Of what were they wrought? By 
what work was the battle of Marathon commemorated? 109 

Which work was regarded by Lucian and Pausanias as 

PHIDIAS' greatest achievement? 110 

When Pericles undertook to beautify Athens what authority 
did he give PHIDIAS? What does PLUTARCH say of 
PHIDIAS' work at this time? Name two great build- 
ings which Athens owed to PHIDIAS 110 

Mention one statue in the Parthenon executed by PHIDIAS 
himself. What sculptures of the Parthenon still exist? 
Where are they preserved? Were they the work of 
PHIDIAS? 110 

Describe the statue which ranked as the masterpiece of 
PHIDIAS. What became of it? What statue proved his 
ruin? Describe the persecution of PHIDIAS 110 

Compare the ideals of PHIDIAS with those of HOMER. 
Describe a head which is regarded as typical of the ideal 
type established by PHIDIAS Ill 

Discuss the influence of PHIDIAS on later art. Does the 
information available justify the position accorded him 
in the world of art? 109-112 

How many schools of Greek sculpture existed during the cen- 
tury of PHIDIAS? Name the two most important, and 
state what type of beauty was the ideal of each Ill 

When did sculptors begin to portray facial expression?. . . .111-112 

In what respect was the work of Praxiteles unrivaled? When 

did he live? Name his most celebrated work 844 

174 



When and where was the Hermes of Praxiteles found? 844 

For what sculpture is Callimachus celebrated? 527 

Tnrough what three phases does art develop? How are 
these illustrated by the work of Polycletus, PHIDIAS, 

and Praxiteles? 111-112 

READING AND REFERENCE: Tarbell, History of Greek 
Art; Richardson, History of Greek Sculpture; Mach, Greek 
Sculpture; Gardner, Handbook of Greek Sculpture; Murray, 
The Sculptures of the Parthenon; Gardner, Principles of 
Greek Art; Furtwangler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture; 
Smith, Greek Art and National Life. 

MODERN SCULPTURE 

Who is considered the founder of modern sculpture? When 

did he live? . 594-A 

How does Donatello rank among the world's sculptors? 

Name some of his most noted statues 594 

Give an account of the life and work of Ghiberti. How long 
did he work on the bronze door of San Giovanni? What 
did MICHELANGELO say of it? 658 

Who decorated the "Singing Galleries" in the cathedral at 

Florence ? 855 

Upon what single work does the reputation of DA VINCI as 

a sculptor depend? Was the figure completed? 113 

State the nationality, parentage, and descent of MICHEL- 
ANGELO. For what branch of art was he trained? To 
whom was he apprenticed? 116, 659-B 

Who encouraged MICHELANGELO'S interest in sculpture? 
What influence had this patronage? When did MICHEL- 
ANGELO first distinguish himself in sculpture? 116 

What quality distinguishes MICHELANGELO'S "David" 

and his later works? Name two earlier works 116-119 

Outline MICHELANGELO'S association with Julius II. 
Where was the pope's monument to be placed? How 
long was MICHELANGELO engaged on this work? 
Name his masterpiece. What became of the statue of 
Julius II? 117 

After the death of Julius, how was the plan of the pope's 
monument modified? In what did it finally result? 
Which figures were executed by MICHELANGELO?. .117-118 

Into what periods may the work of MICHELANGELO be 

divided? Outline the productions of each 119 

175 



Discuss the principles and ideals of MICHELANGELO. The 
elements of his style. Show how these appear in his 
work 119 

After the completion of what work did MICHELANGELO 

"lay aside brush and chisel forever?" 119 

Of whom was Bandinelli a rival? Name Bandinelli's best 

works 470 

Name and give location of Cellini's best known work 538 

"What is the masterpiece of French renaissance sculpture? 

Where is it? Name the sculptor 670-E 

Where are Bernini's finest works preserved? For what 
other achievement was he noted? By what title was 
he known? 488 

"Who carved the "Retreat of Attila from Rome?" Where is 

it? Why is it noted? 449-D 

Name the first eminent English sculptor .471-C 

What English sculptor was celebrated as a wood-carver? In 

what cathedral is much of his work displayed? 659-E 

Who was Houdon? Name some of his best known busts. 

His finest statue 720 

For what is Flaxman celebrated? Sergei? State the na- 
tionality of each 629, 872 

Discuss the rank of Canova in modern art. Name the statue 
which marked the return from the baroque to the classic 
style. When did this change take place? 529 

What types of sculpture did Dannecker execute? What place 

does his work occupy in modern sculpture?. * 577 

Give an account of the life and work of Thorvaldsen. Men- 
tion his masterpieces 896 

What Swedish sculptor has been compared with Thorvald- 
sen? Who stands between Canova and Thorvaldsen? 
872-A, 577-H 

Of whom was Rauch a pupil? What statue established his 

reputation? What school did he found? 849 

Mention the principal works of Chantrey. Of Baily 541, 467 

State the influence of David d'Angers upon French sculpture 580 

In what class of subjects did Gibson excel? What innova- 
tion did he introduce? 660 

Name a noted French sculptor of animals. Mention repre- 
sentative works 476-A 

What German sculptor is the foremost representative of the 

romantic school? Mention important works 869-F 

176 



Tell something of a noted Irish sculptor and his work 631-B 

What Frenchman ranks with Barye as a sculptor of ani- 
mals? .* 640-H 

What distinguished French painter attained eminence as a 

sculptor after the age of fifty? 658-B 

Discuss the sculptural work of Fremiet. Of Gerome 640, 658 

What qualities do the works of Begas display? Name and 

give location of representative works 481 

What Belgian sculptor depicted "the struggle of man with 

the earth?" Mention typical examples 804-J 

Who executed "Liberty Enlightening the World?" Describe 

the work, and mention the sculptor's masterpiece 475-D 

Discuss the character of Rodin's work, and the place he oc- 
cupies in world sculpture. Name well-known works... 857 

For what class of figures was Boehm celebrated? Bruce- 
Joy? 497, 515 

What are the chief works^ of Hebert? Of All ward? State 

the nationality of each 700, 450 

What great sculptor was in his youth modeler for Wedg- 
wood? 629-A 

Name a sculptor whose autobiography furnishes a valuable 

record of the life of the renaissance 538-G 

What sculptor carved a remarkable statue from a single 

block when but eighteen years of age? 488-E 

Who carved the Nelson in Trafalgar square? The "Lion of 
Lucerne?" The Queen Victoria in Parliament square, 
Ottawa? 467-C, 896-G, 700-D 

In whose work did the naturalistic sculpture of the nine- 
teenth century culminate? 857-B 

READING AND REFERENCE: Perkins, Italian Sculptors; Free- 
man, Italian Sculpture, of the Renaissance; Bode, Florentine 
Sculptors of the Renaissance; Balcarres, Evolution of Italian 
Sculpture; Waters, Italian Sculpture ; Symonds, Life of 
Michelangelo ; Vasari, Lives of the Artists; Brownell, French 
Art; Dilke, French Architects and Sculptors of the Eighteenth 
Century; Eaton, Handbook of Modern French Sculpture; 
Spielmann, British Sculpture of Today; Scott, British School 
of Sculpture; Calvert, Sculpture in Spain. 

AMERICAN SCULPTURE 

Why is Horatio Greenough of special note in the history of 

American sculpture? What is the style of his work?. . . 675 
Why is the "Indian and Panther" celebrated? 514-F 

177 



What works distinguished Thomas Crawford? Hiram Pow- 
ers? Henry Kirke Brown? 568, 844, 514 

To what class of sculpture did J. T. Hart devote himself? 695 

What sculptor became in early life a clock-maker's appren- 
tice? Learned the mason's trade? Became a cameo- 
cutter? Began life as a marble worker? 

844-C, 695-E, 827-H, 855-C 

Name the best known works of Palmer. Discuss his influence. . 827-H 
What American sculptor was also lawyer and author? Tell 

something of his life and work 885-G 

Who executed bronze doors in the capitol at Washington? 

857-F, 855-C 

Outline the life and work of Rinehart. Rogers. Story. 855, 857, 885 
Who was the first prominent American woman sculptor? 
Give an account of her preparatory study. Of her pro- 
fessional work. Of whom was she the only pupil?. 720-C, 660-C 
For what is Vinnie Ream Hoxie noted? Sketch her career. . 723 
How does the work of Ward rank in American sculpture? 

Discuss its qualities. Where is his "Indian Hunter?". . .911-F 

Give a brief sketch of the life and work of Bissell 492 

Outline the career of Moses Ezekiel 616 

What is regarded as the finest portrait statue in the United 

States? By whom was it executed? .864-A 

Discuss the art career of Saint-Gaudens. Name five of his 

statues 864 

What American sculptor ranks next to Sainit-Gaudens? What 

style distinguishes his work? Mention two later works. .641-C 

Who is known as the "sculptor of American history?" 756-B 

In what class of sculpture is the talent of Niehaus displayed? 

Give three illustrations 818 

What sculptor became distinguished for busts of women? 

What earlier sculpture does his work resemble? 441-G 

Who wrote "The Song Life of a Sculptor?" Name one of 

„ his statues. In what did he excel? 830-F 

Discuss the career, works, and rank of Grafly 671 

Of whom was MacMonnies a pupil? Give location of his 

"Shakespeare ; " his "Bacchante." 790 

Name noted works by Barnard. Discuss his style 472-G 

Is the work of Bartlett chiefly realistic or symbolic? Mention 

one animal piece; one statue in Paris 475 

Who was in charge of the sculpture at the Pan-American 

exposition? Discuss his work 492-1 

Compare the work of Solon Borglum with that of his brother. 502 

178 



For what New York cathedral was Gutzon Borglum sculptor? 

What does his work include? 502 

Name Remington's leading works in sculpture. Do you judge 
that the western life of Remington and Solon Borglum 
accounts for some of their subjects in sculpture? 851, 502 

Mention some of Lorado Taft's best known sculptures. Give 

an account of his efforts to improve art conditions 889 

Whose work is "The Medicine Man" in Fairmount park, 

Philadelphia? In what does he excel? 575-K 

With whom did Anna Vaughn Hyatt study? Name her .best 

work 729 

What childhood influence determined the life work of Nellie 

Verne Walker? What can you tell of her sculptures?. . . 909 

In what state was Aitkin born? Mention two of his monu- 
ments in San Francisco. Discuss his style 445 

What sculptor produced "The Minute Man" at Concord? "The 
White Captive?" "The Greek Slave?" The Shaw me- 
morial on Boston common? 641-C, 827-H, 844-C, 864-A 

Name six sculptors elected to the American academy of arts 

and letters 441-G, 475-E, 641-C, 790-F, 864-A, 911-F 

READING AND REFERENCE: Taft, History of American Sculp- 
ture; Caffin, American Masters of Sculpture; Hartmann, 
Modern American Sculpture; Tuckerman, Book, of the Artists; 
Biographies of American Artists (Michigan State Library). 

THE AMERICAN STAGE 

Name the most celebrated tragedian of the early American 

stage. In what roles was he noted? 632-G 

In what roles did Charlotte Cushman attain eminence? Give 

evidence of the high esteem in which she was held 574 

In what character did Joseph Jefferson win his great reputa- 
tion? For how long did he play this role? In what 
other character did he attain distinction? 741 

Speak briefly of the father of Edwin Booth. What special 
debt does dramatic art owe to the son? What charac- 
ters did Booth play with unusual distinction? State his 
rank among American tragedians 501 

With what eminent actor was Barrett long associated? Name 
Barrett's most notable role. Mention others in which he 
won marked success. How did he contribute to the ad- 
vancement of the stage? Name some of his works 474 

Briefly outline Hammerstein's work as an impresario 689 

179 



Of what well-known opera houses was Maurice Grau manager ? 673 
With what noted names is that of John Drew associated? 

In what parts did he win marked success? 596 

Outline Daniel Frohman's career as manager. What work 

did he publish on the death of his brother? 643 

What roles made Robert Mantell known to American theater 

audiences? Briefly sketch his career 793 

Describe the work of Francis Wilson in light opera, in 

comedy, and as a writer 923 

Name productions in which Goodwin played star parts 667 

Discuss the rank of Mansfield among American actors. Give 

the range of subjects in which he attained success. Name 

leading parts which he played in works by Stevenson, 

Rostand, Ibsen, Shaw, Fitch, MOLIERE 

793, 884, 860, 731, 874, 627, 57 

In what roles did De Wolf Hopper display marked ability?. . 719 
Discuss the contributions of Belasco to the American stage. . 481 
Sketch the dramatic career of Mary Anderson de Navarro. . . 816 
In what popular plays did Sothern first appear? To what 

drama did he later devote himself? With whom? With 

what success? Give Sothern's most important roles 880 

Outline the managerial career of Charles Frohman. Name 

noted actors whom he brought to prominence 643 

Name roles which Ada Rehan played with distinction. What 

can be said of her comedy parts? ; 850 

Discuss the contributions of Fiske to the American theater. 627-D 
At what age did Minnie Maddern Fiske begin her stage 

career? What is considered her' greatest achievement? 

In what other parts did she win distinction? Give an 

estimate of her dramatic work 627 

What plays .endeared Warfield to stage lovers? What title 

role did he create? Give the author of this play 911, 481-G 

In what role did Viola Allen achieve success? Give other 

parts which she has played 449 

What title role did Virginia Harned create? Name other 

plays in which she took leading parts 693 

With what noted stage names is Julia Arthur's associated? 

Name plays in which she won success 460 

Name two noted opera houses managed by Gatti-Casazza. 

How did he encourage American talent? What resulted 

from this competition? 652 

Give Hackett's most notable stage successes. Under whose 

management were these produced? 683 

180 



In what roles did Julia Marlowe gain distinction? With 
whom has she done her strongest dramatic work? Give 
the rank of their Shakespearian revivals 796 

In what branch of the drama has Maxine Elliott been in- 
terested? 609 

What parts were played by Isabel Irving in To Have and To 
Hold and The Two Orphans? Name one of her comedy 
roles 734 

In what works by Barrie and Rostand has Maude Adams 

achieved distinction? 442, 474, 860 

Name some of the early successes of Blanche Bates. In what 

later plays has she taken leading parts?. 477 

Select points of merit in the work of G. M. Cohan 554 

To what famous theatrical family does Ethel Barrymore 

belong? Name plays in which she won distinction 474 

In what plays by Sardou, Barrie, and Fitch has Grace George 

won success ? 657 

Name leading roles created by Margaret Illington 731 

READING AND REFERENCE: Dunlap, History of the Ameri- 
can Theater; Seilhamer, History of the American Theater; 
Moses, The American Dramatists ; Moderwell, The Theater of 
To-Day ; Howe, The Repertory Theater; Mackaye, The Civic 
Theater; Cheney, The New Movement in the Theater; Eaton, 
Plays and Players; Kobbe, Famous Actors and Their Homes; 
Kobbe, Famous Actresses and Their Homes; Winter, The 
Wallet of Time; Winter, Other Days: Chronicles and Mem- 
oirs of the Stage; Strong, Famous Actors of the Day; 
Matthews, On Acting; Hutton, Curiosities of the American 
Stage. 

THE EUROPEAN STAGE 

For what innovation is the stage indebted to Favart and his 

wife? How was this at first regarded? 620 

Who is considered the greatest English actor? With what 
memorable jubilee is his name associated? Discuss his 
range of character delineation 651-E 

Whom did Sir Joshua Reynolds paint as "The Tragic Muse?" 

Give her greatest role. Discuss her career 876-A 

To what branch of the drama was John Philip Kemble de- 
voted? How was he related to Mrs. Siddons? 756 

In what play did Charles Kemble make his debut at Drury 

Dane? 756 

In what roles did Frances Anne Kemble win distinction?. . . . 756 

181 



What character marked Edmund Kean as the first actor of 

the day? Give other roles in which he played 754 

How was Charles John Kean related to Edmund Kean? In 

what parts did Charles establish his reputation? 754 

Outline Ristori's achievements as an actress? With whom 

did she play in America? Name her leading roles 855 

Sketch the career of Sir Henry Irving. With whom was he 

associated in his greatest successes? 733 

Give the rank of Coquelin among French actors of comedy. 

What noted role did he play in America? 562 

In what two fields did Mr. Kendal win distinction? 756 

Of whom was Sir John Hare a partner? What did Hare pro- 
duce at the Garrick theater? 692 

In what roles did Helena Modjeska achieve distinction? 

What roles .best displayed her talent? 808 

What role first made Bernhardt famous? Name some of the 

talents combined in the perfection of her art 488 

Name two melodramas written <by Wilson Barrett. In what 

other plays did he gain success as an actor? 474 

In what character did Ellen Terry make her first appear- 
ance? Name some of her notable roles. Give the dura- 
tion of her artistic partnership with Sir Henry Irving. . 893 

Name characters in which Mrs. Kendal appeared success- 
fully. Which was her greatest triumph? 757 

What famous theater did Andre Antoine establish? How did 

he aid the development of the drama? 455, 511-A 

In what roles did Forbes-Robertson gain his greatest suc- 
cess? Name a production popular in America. How did 
England honor his artistic achievements? 632 

Through what productions is Beerbohm Tree 'best known? 

Name two dramatists whose work he produced 899 

In what role did E. S. Willard first achieve success? Name 

two productions which made him well known 920 

Briefly outline the stage career of Kyrle Bellew 483 

Name five plays in the repertoire of Sir George Alexander. 
Give a noted play by Wilde, by Pinero, and by Phillips 
produced under his management .448, 920, 839, 837 

From what type of drama did Duse select most of her roles? 
What other work did her versatility make possible? 
Name dramatists represented in her repertoire 601 

Name five plays in which Mrs. Patrick Campbell gained dis- 
tinction. In what plays did she appear with Forbes- 
Robertson? 528 

182 



In what plays has Jane Hading been popular? Name one of 

Lavedan's works to the success of which she contributed. 683 

Name four actors with whom Margaret Anglin appeared as 

leading woman 453 

What noted names are associated with Granville Barker's 

stage career? Name dramatists whose work he introduced. 472 

In what role did Martha Hedman first appear? Speak of 

the range of characters included in her repertoire 700 

READING AND REFERENCE: Malone, History of the Stage; 
Mantzius, History of Theatrical Art in Ancient and Modern 
Times; Doran, Annals of the Stage; Craig, On the Art of the 
Theater; Carter, The New Spirit in Drama and Art; Dibden, 
Complete History of the English Stage (1800); Scott, The 
Drama of Yesterday and To-Day; Byrne, Histrionic Mem- 
ories; Collier, Principal Actors in the Plays of Shakespeare ; 
Baker, English Actors from Shakespeare to Macready ; Cook, 
Hours With the Players; Irving, English Actors; Whyte, 
Actors of the Century; Matthews and Hutton, Actors and 
Actresses of Great Britain and the United States; Hazlitt, 
The English Drama and Stage, 1543-1664; Fleay,A Chronicle 
History of the London Stage, 1559-1642; Jerome, Stageland; 
Lennox, Plays, Players, and Playhouses; Robins, Twelve 
Great Actors; Robins, Twelve Great Actresses ; Hervey, The 
Theaters of Paris; Coquelin, Art and the Actor; McLeod, 
Plays and Players in Modern Italy; Williams, Queens u of the 
French Stage. 

RELIGION 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Clarke, Ten Great 
Religions; Rawlinson, Religions of the Ancient World; 
Jevons, Comparative Religion; Carpenter, Comparative Re- 
ligion; Moore, History of Religions; Menzies, History of Re- 
ligion; Toy, History of Religion; Martin, Great Religious 
Teachers of the East; Hoffding, Philosophy of Religion; Ladd, 
Philosophy of Religion; Caird, Evolution of Religion; Cook, 
Study of Religions; Harnack, Christianity and History; Har- 
nack, What is Christianity?; Foster, Finality of the Chris- 
tian Religion. 

ORIENTAL RELIGIONS 

Zoroaster. What religion did ZOROASTER found? At what 
time did he live? Why are he and his religion impor- 
tant? Of what significance were the titles he applied 
to himself? 166 

183 



How does tradition account for ZOROASTER'S life from 
fifteen to thirty? Compare him with MOSES in this 
respect; with PAUL 166, 161, 179 

Against what primitive faith was Zoroastrianism a reaction? 
Explain. What was the religious hook of the Persians? 
What did it include? 166-167 

Compare its account of the creation with that in Genesis 169 

Explain what is meant by dualism in the religion of 
ZOROASTER. Give the names of the opposing prin- 
ciples. How is the fundamental dualism of good and 
evil developed? 167-168 

What did ZOROASTER regard as the ultimate result of the 
struggle between the powers of darkness and light? 
What other belief was one of the principal dogmas of 
ZOROASTER? State his position regarding the resur- 
rection of the body. Give three moral sayings found in 
his creed; the three rules he laid down for life 167-170 

READING AND REFERENCE: Moulton, Early Zoroastrianism; 
Mistri, Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism; Wadia, The Message 
of Zoroaster; Kapadia, The Teachings of Zoroaster; Dhalla, 
Zoroastrian Theology; Jackson, Persia Past and Present; 
Jackson, Zoroaster. 

Buddha. What great teacher arose in India in the sixth cen- 
tury before our era? What does the title of this Hindu 
sage signify? To what word common in western usage 
•does the term correspond? Briefly outline the accepted 
facts as to his life 173-174 

When and how did it become possible to apply to BUDDHA 
the term "enlightened?" What duty then became in- 
cumbent upon him? 174 

Discuss conditions in the Hindu state at the time BUDDHA 
(appeared. Against what was Buddhism a revolt? What 
rules of conduct did BUDDHA lay down for the order 
which he founded? 175 

Describe the spread of Buddhism. Where may it be studied 
in its purer form? Note points of interest regarding its 
place in China. What doctrine gave Buddhism its strong 
hold on the people of India? Where did BUDDHA place 
the responsibility for salvation? 175-176 

Give the three main theories of Buddhism. The ten com- 
mandments. What virtues were exalted in the system of 
BUDDHA? What vices condemned? Regarding what 

duties did BUDDHA give definite instructions? 176-177 

184 



What prevented the followers of BUDDHA from making 

him an object of worship? . .177-178 

READING AND REFERENCE: Rhys-Davids, History and Lit- 
erature of Buddhism; Eitel, Buddhism; Lillie, Buddha and 
Buddhism; Kern, Manual of Indian Buddhism; Wright, 
Manual of Buddhism; Lloyd, The Creed of Half Japan; Beal, 
Buddhism in China; Lillie, Influence of Buddhism on Chris- 
tianity. 

Confucius. Over how great a period has the influence of 
CONFUCIUS been dominant in China? What does his 
name signify? 170 

What noted Greek philosopher was born shortly after the 

death of CONFUCIUS? 171, 218 

How did CONFUCIUS gain renown when a young man? 
How was the devotion of his fellow citizens further in- 
creased? When did CONFUCIUS form the tenets of his 
philosophy? 170-171 

State the attitude of CONFUCIUS toward ancestral worship. 
What was his plan for regenerating his countrymen? 
Discuss the working out of his plan, and state its results. 171 

When did the Chinese begin to hold CONFUCIUS in absolute 

veneration? Mention honors conferred upon him 171 

What two characteristics may be found throughout the teach- 
ings of CONFUCIUS? Give his simple rule of life. . .171-172 

What unusual quality may be noted in the golden rule of 

CONFUCIUS? 173 

Of what did the classic literature of China consist? Speak 
of the authorship of these sacred texts and the system 
of morals which they embody 171-173 

Give the attitude of CONFUCIUS toward the idea of God; 
also a future existence. Upon what subjects did he ex- 
press positive views? State his influence on education. 172-173 

Quote James Freeman Clarke on CONFUCIUS 173 

READING AND REFERENCE: Legge, Life and Teachings of 
Confucius; Legge, Texts of Confucianism; Huan Chang Chen, 
Economic Principles of Confucius and His School; Douglas, 
Confucianism and Taoism; Giles, Confucianism and Its 
Rivals; De Groot, Religion of the Chinese; Harada, The Faith 
of Japan. 

Mohammed. Who was the greatest prophet of the Arabs? 

Give his birthplace 186 

Note a point of similarity between the boyhood of MOHAM- 
MED and that of David 186, 579 

185 



When was MOHAMMED'S life work revealed to him? Name 

other religious leaders trained in retirement 186, 161, 171 

Outline conditions in Arabia in the time of MOHAMMED. 

What can be said of Mecca as a religious center? 186-187 

Give the meaning of the hegira. What do historians date 
from this movement? How were MOHAMMED'S early 
teachings preserved? How were they extended? 187-188 

Give points of interest regarding MOHAMMED'S last visit to 

Mecca. How did he exhort his followers on that occasion?. 188 

In what work may one find the standard of Mohammedan 

faith? Name its general divisions and discuss its style. 190 

How is it believed that MOHAMMED obtained the material 
for the Koran? On what dogma are all Mohammedans 
agreed? What is the teaching of the Koran regarding 
prophets? What is the Mohammedan attitude toward 
death? State the effect of this teaching. Name the four 
cardinal virtues emphasized in the Koran 190 

Upon what point of practice does the Mohammedan lay most 
stress? Discuss this duty fully. What natural quality 
of the Arab is evidenced in his almsgiving? Give the 
last practical duty required of every Mohammedan.. .190-191 

In what work may we find a clear statement of the relation 

of the three Semitic creeds? Give the main points 191 

READING AND REFERENCE: Muir, Life of Mahomet; Sell, 
The Life of Mohammad; Margoliouth, Mohammed and the 
Rise of Islam; Becker, Christianity and Islam.; Johnstone, 
Muhammad and His Power; Ameer Ali, The Life and Teach- 
ings of Mohammed; Arnold, The Preaching of Islam; Hughes, 
Dictionary of Islam. 

ANCIENT JUDAISM 

Moses. Who is the first great figure in the traditional his- 
tory of the human race? 161 

What nation did MOSES serve and in what capacity? Men- 
tion three sources of our knowledge 161 

Briefly outline the early life of MOSES. In what work does 
the Bible first picture him engaged? By what line of 
reasoning did MOSES arrive at the plan for delivering 
his brethren? State the means he employed 161-162 

How did MOSES earn the title of "lawgiver?" In what form 
is the law of MOSES familiar to us? Speak of its influ- 
ence. For what tendencies did MOSES punish his people? 
In what alone did he assert that happiness existed? 162 

186 



Where do we find the first attempt to formulate a written 
constitution? Name the hooks composing the penta- 
teuch; explain what is meant by the "Law," and give 
the name the Hebrews applied to their system 163 

What may be considered the origin of monotheism? Name a 
Latin father who expressed similar ideas. What doctrine 
did the Egyptians hold regarding the deity? State their 
attitude toward caste; also that of the Hebrews. .163, 182, 164 

What great and specific contributions did MOSES make to 

the religious thought of the world? 161-166 

READING AND REFERENCE: Josephus, Wars of the Jews; 
Graetz, History of the Jews; Edersheim, History of the Jewish 
Nation; Milman, History of the Jews; Ottley, Short History 
of the Hebrews. 

GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY 

St. Paul. Name the apostle of Christianity to the Gentiles. 

Give his birthplace, his parentage, and his original name. 178 

What by inheritance was the religion of PAUL? Give his 

•attitude toward it. In what schools was he educated? 

State the rank of the schools of Tarsus. Where did 

PAUL further pursue his education? To what subject 

did he devote himself? Under what teacher? 178, 649-P 

Name the trade in which PAUL received training. Give the 

reason for this preparation 178 

Account for PAUL'S early feeling toward the Christians. 

At what martyrdom was he present? 178 

What changed the character of PAUL? Give two explana- 
tions of this event 178-179 

What qualities did PAUL display in his persecution of the 
Christians? How did he later employ them? How did 
the disciples at first regard PAUL? Who was responsible 
for a change in this feeling? 179 

To what work did the church at Antioch appoint PAUL and 
Barnabas? How many missionary journeys did PAUL 
make? Who accompanied him on the second? What did 
the term "journey" then signify? Where did PAUL 
establish the first Christian church in Europe? 179-180 

What other great names belong to this early period of Chris- 
tianity? Name the special side of human nature repre- 
sented by each. What later names are classed with St. 
John? Who belong among the more masculine minds?. . 181 

Quote Dean Farrar in appreciation of ST. PAUL 181 

187 



Give the results of Paul's bold preaching — to the growth of 
Christianity; to himself. How is the teaching of PAUL 
preserved? What was the keynote of his message?. . .180-181 

St. Augustine. Name the most eminent of the Latin fathers. 

What was his rank as a Christian teacher? 182, 185 

What influences surrounded the early life of AUGUSTINE? 
Where did he receive his education? Describe his life 
at Carthage. State its effect upon him 182 

What works of CICERO and ARISTOTLE influenced 
AUGUSTINE? How did he first regard the sacred 
scriptures? Why? To what religious philosophy was he 
attracted at this time? How long was he a member 
of this sect? 182-183 

Under what influence was AUGUSTINE converted to the 

Christian faith? Describe his mental struggles 183 

What apostle aided in AUGUSTINE'S ultimate conversion? 
How was AUGUSTINE'S mother affected by his pro- 
fession of Christianity? 182-184 

In what controversies did AUGUSTINE engage? Mention 

qualities which he displayed • 184 

Name three works of AUGUSTINE. Which contains his 
early history? Which is the product of later years? 
What is regarded as his greatest production? 184-185 

In what department of theology does AUGUSTINE hold emi- 
nent rank? Account for his wide influence. Summarize 
his work as a Christian leader 182-185 

Gregory VII, Hildebrand. What preeminent interest attaches 

to GREGORY VII? 191 

Where did GREGORY complete his education? What habits 

did he acquire? : .191-192 

Describe GREGORY'S rise to influence at Rome. How did 
he prepare the way for the development of his theory of 
the papacy? To what high place was he finally elected? 192 

Prom what was the church suffering in the time of GREG- 
ORY VII? What did he regard as the fundamental 
abuse? State the cause he assigned 192-193 

State the cause and the results of the conflict between Henry 

IV of Germany and GREGORY VII 193-194 

What task did GREGORY set for himself in connection with 
the church? How is his ideal generally regarded? What 
permanent changes did he make in church polity? 194 

St. Francis of Assist. Where was the founder of the Fran- 
ciscan order born? Sketch his early life 195 

188 



What led ST. FRANCIS to fulfil literally the counsels of the 
gospel? How was this determination regarded by his 
father? Give proof of the genuineness of ST. FRANCIS'S 
consecration. What was the effect of his enthusiasm?.. 195 

When did ST. FRANCIS settle the constitution of the Fran- 
ciscan order? What method was employed in forming 
the rule for this new order? By what pope was it ap- 
proved? Name its three vows. Upon which did ST. 
FRANCIS lay greatest stress? 195-196 

What was the influence of the new order? Speak of the 
character of the work it attempted, the classes and the 
number of people it enrolled 196-197 

Explain the terms observants, conventuals, capuchins 197 

What garb is characteristic of the Franciscans? Name an- 
other order established by ST. FRANCIS 196-197 

What do the writings of ST. FRANCIS include? 196 

Discuss the value of the order of ST. FRANCIS in medieval 
society; in early American history. What was the chief 
literary interest of the Franciscans? Mention great 
names connected With the order 197-198 

Give in brief Farrar's appreciation of ST. FRANCIS 198 

St. Thomas Aquinas. To what noted family did THOMAS 
AQUINAS belong? Of what order did he become a mem- 
ber? Under whom did he study, and where did he re- 
ceive his doctor of theology? Briefly sketch his life as 
monk and teacher 234-235 

Give some of the qualities of mind and purpose which 
THOMAS AQUINAS brought to all theological subjects. 
What may be said of his application of Aristotelian 
logic to theology? 235-236 

What is regarded as the greatest work of THOMAS 
AQUINAS? State its special value. Quote an incident 
in proof of its authority 236-237 

Who was the only scholastic theologian in any degree a 
rival of THOMAS AQUINAS? What schools in medieval 
theology were based upon this rivalry? 237 

State the influence of THOMAS AQUINAS on religious 
thought. W^hat was his distinct achievement in theology 
and ethics? Of what great church are his teachings basic? 237 

Loyola. Briefly describe the early life of LOYOLA. What 
proved to be the turning-point in his career? Account 
for LOYOLA'S interest in the "Lives of Saints." In 
what did it result?. . . •. 203-204 

189 



Describe LOYOLA'S devotion to the church. In what way 
did he find himself inadequately prepared? How did he 
remedy this defect? Give results of his efforts 204 

Where did LOYOLA gather the nucleus for his "company of 
Jesus?" Give conditions which favored the formation 
of this order. By what name was it later known? 205 

What did LOYOLA add to the three-fold obligation of Cath- 
olic religious orders? What title was given to their 
leader? 205 

What name was given to the rules of the society of Jesus? 
Name some requirements stated in this work. In what 
ways is the cause of education indebted to the Jesuits?. 205-206 

Discuss the growth and importance of the Jesuit order 206 

READING AND REFERENCE: Headlam, St. Paul and Chris- 
tianity; Bartlet, Apostolic Age; Weizsacker, The Apostolic 
Age; Ramsay, The Church in the Roman Empire; St. Augus- 
tine, The City of God; Eusebius, Church History; Hergen- 
r other, Manual of General Church History; Schaff, History of 
the Christian Church; Stubbs, History of the Christian 
Church: Middle Age; Smith, History of the Christian Church; 
Fisher, History of the Christian Church. 

RISE OF PROTESTANTISM 

Luther. Who is recognized as the greatest of the German 

Protestant reformers? Give his birthplace , 198 

Where did LUTHER obtain his education? What interest- 
ing experience is connected with his university course? 199 

Account for LUTHER'S entering an Augustinian monastery. 

How long was he there and how did he employ himself? 199 

What can you say of LUTHER'S connection with the uni- 
versity of Wittenberg? Give the effect of his work there. 199 

Name some qualities of LUTHER'S preaching. How was he 
aided by Melanchthon? How did religious conditions in 
Rome affect LUTHER? Give the immediate effect upon 
his work 199, 802-D 

Outline LUTHER'S action regarding indulgences and name 

a friar who debated with him 199-200 

How did LUTHER endeavor to defend his course? Whose 
support did he gain? State the position taken by stu- 
dents, people, and pope regarding LUTHER'S theses... 200 

What events led to the use of the term Protestants? What 
subjects did LUTHER debate with Erasmus? With 
Zwingli? 201 

190 



What is meant by the Leipzig disputations? Account for 

the name Lutherans 200, 603-P 

How did LUTHER conduct himself with reference to the 

papal bull? Also during his trial at Worms? 200 

What is LUTHER'S most important literary work? Name 

other works of LUTHER 202, 201 

How did LUTHER'S regard for music take permanent form? 
What was the war song of the reformation? Estimate 
LUTHER'S contribution to the development of Chris- 
tianity 198-203 

Calvin. What qualities did CALVIN manifest during his ed- 
ucational training? 208 

With what reformer was CALVIN associated 208-212, 490-H 

Where did CALVIN first show interest in theological studies? 
What changes became noticeable later in the character 
and purposes of CALVIN? 208-209 

Name CALVIN'S most important work. G-ive its rank among 
reformation documents, also its influence. Of what does 
it treat? Describe its style 208-211 

In what great French struggle did CALVIN defend Prot- 
estantism? Name some of the leaders in this strife. . . . 210 

Briefly discuss CALVIN'S literary work, naming his con- 
tributions to religious history 207-211 

How was the Arminian controversy connected with the final 

statement of Calvinistic doctrine? 211, 458-E 

What may be considered the distinguishing doctrine of CAL- 
VIN'S system? Who anticipated CALVIN in the central 
tenets of his faith? 211, 182 

What late representative of Calvinism modified the system 

through a new psychology of the will? 606-B 

Summarize CALVIN'S services to Protestantism 212 

Wesley. Who was the founder of Methodism? 212 

Relate points of interest connected with WESLEY'S parents, 

boyhood home, and experiences 212 

In what way did Charles Wesley serve the movement of 

Methodism? Give proof of the value of his work 916 

Where did WESLEY receive his education? Give his marked 
student qualities. What religious work especially in- 
fluenced him? 213 

To whom was the term Methodists first applied? 213 

Give the reason for founding the Georgia colony. Under 
what influence did WESLEY come during the passage 
to America? 822-H, 213 

191 



Who greatly influenced the Wesley brothers at this time? 

What service did JOHN WESLEY first undertake? 213 

Give some of the effects of WESLEY'S contact with the 

Moravians 213-215 

Who was George Whitefield? What doctrine became the sub- 
ject of his dispute with WESLEY? State the result. 918-C, 215 

Give reasons for the success of this religious movement, the 
class to which WESLEY directed his efforts, and the 
points emphasized in his exhortations 215 

State the origin of the conference in Methodism, its time of 

meeting, and its purpose 215 

Relate the circumstances which led to the foundation of the 

Episcopal form of church government 216 

Classify WESLEY'S writings. Mention some of his most 
important works. How did WESLEY employ the in- 
come from his literary work? 217, 216 

Give an appreciation of WESLEY as preacher and reformer. 212-217 

READING AND REFERENCE: Smith, The Reformation; Von 
Ranke, History of the Reformation in Germany; Fisher, His- 
tory of the Reformation; Lindsay, History of the Reforma- 
tion; Lindsay, Luther and the German Reformation; Snell, 
Wesley and Methodism; Jones, Spiritual Reformers in the 
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. 

HISTORY 

MODERN STUDY: Robinson, The New History; Lamprecht, 
What is History?; Harrison, The Meaning of History; 
Langlois and Seignobos, Introduction to the Study of His- 
tory; Freeman, Methods of Historical Study; Hall, Methods 
of Teaching History. 

GENERAL REFERENCE: Ploetz, Epitome of Universal 
History; Putnam, Handbook of Universal History; Myers, 
General History; Fisher, Brief History of Nations; Larned, 
History for Ready Reference; Larned, Seventy Centuries of 
History; Historians' History of the World; Standard Dic- 
tionary of Facts. 

ANCIENT HISTORY 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Myres, The Dawn 
of History; Joly, Man Before Metals; Clodd, Story of the 
Alphabet; Breasted, Ancient Times; West, The Ancient 
World; Myers, Ancient History; Rawlinson, A Manual of 
Ancient History; Botsford, History of the Ancient World. 

192 



Egypt 

What work lias been attributed to Cheops? How long did 

ne rule? 544 

Mention one important fact regarding Rameses I. Rameses 

II. Rameses III 848 

What two Hebrew kings were defeated by Necho? Who 
forced Necho to remain in Egypt? Name one modern 
project begun by Necho 816 

At whose death did Ptolemy I become ruler of Egypt? How 

did he increase his dominion? , 845 

For what is the reign of Ptolemy II remarkable? In what 
two effective ways did he increase the learning of his 
people? How did Egypt rank under his rule? 845 

Briefly sketch the reign of Cleopatra 552,456-B 

READING AND REFERENCE: Breasted, History of Egypt; 
Petrie, History of Egypt; Baikie, Story of the Pharaohs; 
Mahaffy, The Empire of the Ptolemies; Erman, Life in 
Ancient Egypt; Petrie, Arts and Crafts of Ancient Egypt; 
Rawlinson, A History of Ancient Egypt; Davis, Readings 
in Ancient History. 

Babylonia — Assyria — Media — Persia 

Of what great ancient country was Hammurapi king? Name 

three works which made him famous 689 

Who founded the Median empire? How long did his dynasty 

rule? Who finally conquered it? 457-A 

Where did Sennacherib fix his seat of government? Relate 

an important biblical event of his reign 871 

Give a brief account of the conquests of Nebuchadnezzar. 

Name one of his most famous captives 816 

Name the last king of Babylon. Tell a Bible story about 

him 483-J 

Who was Astyages? Describe his overthrow 462 

What ancient empire was founded by Cyrus the Great? 

Tell something of his birth and early youth. Outline 

his triumphs. How did he treat the Jews? 574 

What has the name of Croesus come to represent to the 

modern world? Tell of his defeat by Cyrus 569 

Who was Cambyses? By whose death did he become ruler? 

Name a country conquered by Cambyses 527 

Name a famous battle in which Darius I was defeated by 

the Greeks. Who succeeded him as king? 578, 930-E 

Sketch briefly Xerxes's attempt to subdue Greece 930 

193 



What event in the life of Cyrus the Younger was recorded 
by Xenophon? What was the outcome of Cyrus's plot 

against Artaxerxes? 574, 930, 460-D 

Describe the rule of Artaxerxes I in Persia 460 

Mention the most notorious deed of Artaxerxes III 460 

Where does Darius III stand among the rulers of Persia? 

By whom was he vanquished? 578, 357 

READING AND REFERENCE: Goodspeed, History of the 
Babylonians and Assyrians; Sayce, Babylonians and As- 
syrians; Winckler, Babylonia and Assyria; Sayce, Babylonian 
and Assyrian Life and Customs; Johns, Ancient Babylonia; 
Johns, Ancient Assyria; Johns,, Oldest Code of Laws in the 
World; Jackson, Persia, Past and Present; Benjamin, Story 
of Persia; Botsford, A Source Book of Ancient History; Hall, 
The Ancient History of the Near East; Rawlinson, Five 
Great Monarchies. 

Greece 

What incident in the life of Agamemnon did ^SCHYLUS 

dramatize? 443 

By what method did Lycurgus overcome the inequality of 

rights in Sparta? Evidence Spartan appreciation.. 785 

How did Draco improve the Grecian state? Discuss his code. 596 

Of what famous body of Greeks was Solon a member? 
Mention two ways in which Solon prepared for public 
life. How did he try to make the laws effective? 879 

Mention three benefits conferred upon the people by Pisis- 

tratus. Whose laws did he enforce? 839 

For what great victory is Miltiades renowned? Explain how 
he became commander-in-chief. What rank was accorded 
him by the Athenians? 806, 109 

How did Aristides contribute to the victory at Marathon? 

Give a political improvement introduced by him 457 

In what way did Themistocles develop the power of Athens? 

Name a victory due to him 894 

Where did Cimon gain his greatest victory? How did Cimon 

use his personal fortune? Name his most noted rival. . . 547 

Who is considered the greatest of Athenian statesmen? Give 
a direct result of his assumption of leadership. Tell 
something of the development and progress of the 
Athenians during his rule 834-E, 109 

Name two famous Athenians who opposed Cleon. Who was 

Cleon's military colleague? 552 

194 



Describe the attempt of Leonidas to defend the Spartans.. 774 

Who were the political opponents of Nicias? Against what 

three peoples did Nicias lead the Athenians? 818 

Speak briefly of the youth of Alcibiades. In what ways did 
SOCRATES try to restrain Alcibiades? Where did 
Alcibiades gain military distinction? 446 

Compare Agesllaus with his contemporaries. In what wars 

was he successful? 443 

Sketch the career of Epaminondas. Compare him with other 

Greek leaders 611 

Why was Pelopidas popular? Who was his best friend? 

Illustrate the valor of the "sacred band." 833 

State the political ambitions of Philip II of Macedon. To 
what degree was he successful? What body of men gave 
to Philip the command of the Greek armies? How did 
this affect the independence of Greece?....- 836 

Who is considered one of the greatest military commanders 

of history? Of what country was he king? 357 

Show how ALEXANDER'S parentage influenced his career. 
To what great teacher did Philip i entrust his son's edu- 
cation? Give an account of ALEXANDER'S training. 
At what age did he become king? 357, 228 

Why did ALEXANDER destroy Thebes? State the effect of 

this conquest; Pindar's association with it 358, 839 

Name important cities in Asia Minor that surrendered to 
ALEXANDER. ,Show the importance of the battle of 
Issus. Where did the overthrow of Darius take place? 
How was ALEXANDER affected by his victories? 358-360 

State a difference between ALEXANDER'S victorious prog- 
ress and that of other Asiatic conquerors 360 

Give the length of ALEXANDER'S life; of his reign. How 
do these compare with his achievements? Who recorded 
his campaigns? 360, 460-B 

Summarize those qualities and conquests which place 

ALEXANDER among world heroes 357-361 

.Describe the kingdom of Lysimachus. How did he increase 

it? From what did he suffer? 785 

What innovation in military tactics was projected by 

Pyrrhus? With what success? 846 

Through whose efforts was Cleomenes forced to leave Sparta? 

Where did he take refuge? 552 

Of how many Mithridatic wars have we a record? How 

did Mithridates regard culture? 807 

195 



READING AND REFERENCE: Bury, History of Greece; Bots- 
ford, History of Greece; Holm, History of Greece; Myers, 
History of Greece; Thirlwall, History of Greece; Droysen, 
History of Hellenism; Zimmern, Greek Commonwealth ; Cox, 
The Athenian Empire; Tucker, Life in Ancient Athens; 
Grant, Greece in the Age of Pericles; Gulick, Life of the 
Ancient Greeks; Mahaffy, Alexander's Empire; Wheeler, 
Alexander the Great; Cox, The Greeks and the Persians; 
Curteis, Macedonian Empire; Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander; 
Grote, History of Greece; Rawlinson, Herodotus ; Thucydides, 
Peloponnesian War; Plutarch, Parallel Lives. 

Rome 

Who is credited with establishing the Roman republic? 

Give an interesting legend regarding him 517-D 

Briefly outline the services of Oincinnatus as dictator 548 

Why did Camillus leave Rome? When was he recalled? How 

did Rome honor him? 527 

Mention three successive steps in Hamilcar Barca's first 
campaign against the Romans. Account for his leaving 
Italy. What can be said of his years in Spain? 687 

At what age and under whom did Hannibal begin his mili- 
tary training? Describe his victorious career. Campare 
Hannibal's military genius with that of his father. .690, 687-G 

What powerful rival of Rome was crushed by Scipio Major? 

State Scipio's rank among Roman generals 869 

What important campaign was entrusted to Fabius? What 

military term bears his name? Describe his tactics.. 617 

What phases of life in Rome were severely criticized by 
Cato Major? Mention five means by which he im- 
proved the city and increased the finances. State Cato's 
attitude toward Carthage 53b 

Give a brief summary of the character of Scipio Minor. 

What noted city did he capture and destroy? 870 

Name two of the Gracchi who became famous in Roman 

politics. With what conditions did they contend? 671 

In what three wars was the Roman army successfully led 
by Marius? Name his most noted rival. Sketch the 
result of this enmity 796 

What acted as a stimulus to Sulla's political ambitions? 

How did he acquit himself in office? 887 

How did Cinna misuse the power conferred upon him "by 

Sulla? Through whom was Cinna related to C^SAR? 548 

196 



What political combination was projected by Lucullus? For 

what has Lucullus become famous? 784 

Give two estimates of the wealth of Crassus. How was he 

associated with CAESAR? 567-H 

Who is considered the most famous Roman general? Give 

three other fields in which he won distinction 361-366 

Give points of interest regarding CAESAR'S ancestry.. .361-362 

Outline conditions in Rome in CESAR'S day 362 

When did CAESAR first throw himself into public life? To 
whom did he attach himself? Why? What offices did 
CAESAR hold following his election as pontifex? How 
did his sedileship increase his popularity? 362 

Name the two most powerful men in Rome in the days of 

CAESAR. What alliance did OESAR form with them?.. 362 

At the end of CESAR'S consulate, what provinces did he 

obtain? Show how this favored his aims 363 

Upon what campaigns did CiESAR rest his reputation? 
Briefly outline these campaigns, showing the extent and 
importance of CESAR'S victories 363-364 

How was CAESAR regarded by the senate, by the soldiery, 

by the aristocracy, by Pompey? 364 

How is the name of CAESAR associated with the calendar? 

To what did he direct his legislative reforms? 365 

How and when did CAESAR meet his death? Briefly sketch 
the plot. What plans for the public good was CAESAR 
unable to carry into effect? 365 

Make a summary of all that you consider entitles CiESAR 

to be called the greatest son of Rome 361-366 

Name Pompey's most important military successes. What 

unfortunately terminated his career? 842 

Describe the character of Catiline. Who exposed his political 
machinations? Before what body was Catiline de- 
nounced? What was his fate? 536 

Where did CICERO live? Tell something of the economic 

conditions of his time 26 

In what three fields does CICERO stand preeminent? Name 

political offices held by him 26 

W T hat can you say of CICERO'S conduct in adversity? In 
triumph? Summarize briefly his character. What led 
to his most serious mistakes? 27-29 

Give two positions in which Cato the Younger served with 
credit. Why did he oppose the first triumvirate? With 
whom did he ally himself? 537 

197 ' 



Who was CAESAR'S most devoted friend? Give his share in 

the government after CAESAR'S death. Why did he 

neglect his provinces? State the outcome 456-B 

In the conspiracy against CAESAR, how did the motives of 

Brutus and Cassius differ? State an unexpected effect of 

CESAR'S death. Account for Brutus's death.. .517, 535, 365 
Mention four military engagements of Agrippa. For what 

public works is he entitled to credit? 444 

By whom was Octavianus Augustus reared? Mention two 

evidences of progress under the rule of Augustus 463 

How is Maecenas best known? Give his special talent 791 

Why were great things expected of Drusus? Outline his 

military operations 597 

Tell something of the parentage of Germanicus Caesar. Out- 
line the plan for his downfall. Give its success 658 

Grive the origin) of the name Caligula. Contrast the apparent 

with the real character of Caligula 526 

Who was the first Roman emperor chosen by the army? 

Give two ways in which he improved Rome 550-D 

During what historic period was Felix governor of Judea? 

Name his most famous prisoner 620, 178 

What three qualities marked Nero's reign? Give proof of 

his attitude toward Christianity. Mention two noted 

men who killed themselves at Nero's order 817 

At what age did Galba become emperor of Rome? Give 

reasons for his unpopularity 647 

What three qualities made Vespasian popular? 906 

In what ways did Agricola win distinction? Of what Roman 

province was he governor? 444 

By what victories did Trajan sustain the glory of Rome? 

Which was specially commemorated? 899 

Give a brief summary of the reign of Hadrian 683 

What emperor did Antoninus Pius follow? Discuss Pius's 

treatment of the Christians 456 

By whom was Marcus Aurelius prepared for his high office? 

Give proofs of the greatness of his character 794 

Describe the character and rule of Caracalla 530 

What Christian maxim did Alexander Severus often quote? 448 

Why did Claudius II take the name Gothicus? 550 

Speak briefly of the reign of Aurelianus, Who was his most 

famous captive? 464, 934-G 

How did Diocletian divide his empire? How long did he 

rule? What acts have made his memory abhorred?.. 591 

198 



When did Constantius I become emperor? 560 

Relate the circumstances surrounding the efforts of Con- 
stantine the Great to claim his throne. How did Con- 

stantine show his gratitude for victory? 559 

Briefly describe the reign of Constantius II 560 

What characteristics made Constans very unpopular? 559 

What title has been applied to the emperor Julian? Why? 

Give proofs of his antagonism to Christianity 752 

What events made Gratianus ruler of the whole Roman 

empire? Describe his character 673 

Tell something of the conquests of Theodosius. Show a 

serious inconsistency in his character 894 

Mention an important event of the rule of Honorius 718 

How long was Aetius commander-in-chief of the Roman 
armies? Why was his greatest victory unfortunate for 

himself? 443 

READING AND REFERENCE: Botsford, History of Rome; 
Myers, History of Rome; How and Leigh, History of Rome; 
Ihne, History of Rome; Horton, History of the Romans; 
Bryant, Short History of Rome; Heitland, Short History of 
the Roman Republic; Pelham, Outlines of Roman History; 
Ihne, Early Rome; Capes, Early Roman Empire; Bury, The 
Roman Empire; Jones, The Roman Empire ;_ Smith, Rome 
and Carthage; Fowler, Social Life in the Age of Cicero; Ihne, 
Society in Rome under the Caesars; Ferrero, The Women 
of the Cwsars; Pellison, Roman Life in Pliny's Time; Duruy, 
History of the Romans; Merivale, History of Rome; Gibbon, 
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; Ferrero, The Great- 
ness and Decline of Rom,e; Sheppard, The Fall of Rome; 
Niebuhr, History of Rome; Mommsen, History of Rome; 
Mommsen, The Roman Provinces; Livy, Annals of the Roman 
People; Tacitus, The Annals; Tacitus, The History; Sallust, 
History of the Jugurthine War; Sallust, Conspiracy of Cati- 
line; Polybius, History; Plutarch, Parallel Lives. 

MEDIEVAL HISTORY 

England — Scotland 
Who was the first Christian king of Kent? Mention one 

interesting fact regarding his reign •. 614-C 

Who is considered the most illustrious British ruler? Give' 

points regarding his ancestry 371 

State the sources of ALFRED'S knowledge and culture 371 

199 



How did ALFRED add to England's power? What is the 

most noteworthy feature in ALFRED'S career?. . .372-373 

Why has ALFRED been called the creator of English prose 
literature? Why were his translations from Bede and 
Boethius of especial value? With what work may 
English history be said to begin? 372 

What leader represented justice to the Greek mind? To 
the English? Give six ways in which ALFRED perma- 
nently benefited his people 371-374 

Briefly outline the reign of Brian Boroihme 510 

Who ruled in England with Edmund Ironside? What section 

of the country was governed by each? 604, 529-H 

What compromise was made between Edmund and Canute? 

How did Canute increase his dominions? 604, 529 

What caused internal troubles during the reign of Edward 

the Confessor? 604 

What was the basis of William the Conqueror's claim to 
the English throne? How did he succeed in establish- 
ing his claim? Give a summary of his reign 921 

What circumstances gave the crown of England to Henry I? 

How was he compelled to defend his throne? 703 

Who were Henry II's chief rivals? Describe his controversy 
with Thomas a Becket. State the final outcome of the 
struggle between Henry and his sons.. 703, 479 

In what three places did Richard I win renown? What 

name was given him because of personal bravery? 853 

What act of John is the basis of the liberal government 

of England? 744-D 

Of what characteristics of the reign of Henry III was the 

barons* war the culmination? How did it end? 703 

What countries did Edward I seek to conquer? With what 

success? What type of mind did Edward possess? 604 

Name John Baliol's strongest rival for the Scotch crown. 

Who was finally the real ruler? 469, 515-H, 604-F 

Tell something of the achievements which have made Sir 

William Wallace a national hero .' 910 

Mention three successive steps which led to the crowning 

of Robert Bruce 515 

What present-day title was first borne by Edward II? 604 

What important French seaport was taken by Edward III?. . 604 

Briefly sketch the career of Edward Baliol 469 

Where, and why, is Edward supposed to have received his 

title, the Black Prince? 605-D 

200 



State the relationship between John of Gaunt and Edward, 

the Black Prince. What kingdom was claimed by John?. 744. 

Why was Glendower regarded a national hero? 664 

What family of English kings came to power with Henry IV? 703 

What characterized the rule of Richard II? 853 

State what is considered the greatest effort of the reign of 

Henry V. Sketch this undertaking 703 

Sketch the career of Bedford 400 

Why was Warwick called the "King-maker?" 912 

What line of English kings descended from Margaret Beau- 
fort? How did -she advance education? 478, 703-F 

Briefly outline the cause of the war of the Roses 605-A 

Mention a plot against Richard III. State the results of the 

battle of Bosworth field 853 

Germany — France 

In what famous German legend does Theodoric figure? What 

qualities secured him this place? 894 

What legend is connected with the victory of Clovis? 553 

Where did Charles Martel win his greatest victory? What 

name was applied to him for this success? 543 

What French dynasty was founded by Pepin le Bref? 833 

Who was CHARLES THE GREAT? By what name is he 
commonly known? From whom was he descended? 
Give the extent of his kingdom 366-367 

Briefly describe CHARLEMAGNE'S first wars. What condi- 
tions prevented the effective conquest of these peoples?. 367 

How were the interests of the church promoted during these 
conquests? What legendary hero fell in the battle of 
Roncesvalles? Give a song based upon this event. Give 
the extent of CHARLEMAGNE'S possessions at the close 
of this period of warfare. Speak briefly of his conse- 
cration as ruler. What powers were formally linked in 
this act? 367-369 

In what other fields was CHARLEMAGNE'S ability even 
greater than as a warrior? What records have we of his 
system of administration? 368 

Outline CHARLEMAGNE'S student interests. Who con- 
ducted the school at the palace? Summarize the evi- 
dences of advance resulting from CHARLEMAGNE'S 
zeal for all forms of culture 368-370, 447-B 

Who was the first elected ruler of Germany? How did he 

show admiration for his rival's ability? 559-A 

201 



Sketch briefly the reign of Otho I. How did he assist in the 

spread of Christianity? 825 

Who is considered the founder of the Capetian dynasty in 
France? What dynasty preceded it? How many Euro- 
pean rulers belonged to the house of Capet? 724-G 

Describe the controversy between Henry IV and the pope. .702, 191 

Who was Godfrey de Bouillon's most famous ancestor? Re- 
late the tradition regarding Godfrey's bravery in battle. 
What title was offered him? 504, 366 

In what great movement did Frederick Barbarossa engage 

at the height of his fame?... 638 

How did Henry the Lion try to gratify his ambition? 705 

To what line of rulers did Philip II of France belong? 
What unfair advantage did Philip take of Richard I? 
How was education furthered during Philip's reign? 837, 853 

Discuss Frederick IPs interest in the mental development 

of his subjects. Where did he establish a new kingdom? 638 

How did Louis IX come to take a personal part in a crusade? 
What title has been applied to Louis? For what quali- 
ties was he most loved? 781 

What ruling house of Europe was founded by Rudolf I?.. 861 

Upon what grounds did Philip VI claim the throne of 
France? Edward III? What war was begun at this 
time? 837, 604 

Upon what condition did England and France make peace 

during the reign of John II? 745 

Against whom did Du Guesclm defend France? Sketch 

briefly his military achievements 598 

What was the dominant policy of Charles V? 542 

At the death of Charles VI, to what extent had English 
. power in France increased? 542 

Name three countries conquered by Sigismund and added to 

his dominions 876 

By whom was Dunois aided during the siege of Orleans?. . . 600 

Relate briefly Joan of Arc's early life. Describe her appear- 
ance as she presented herself to the French army. To 
what extent was her leadership successful? Describe her 
capture, trial, and death 743 

Whose leadership saved the crown of France for Charles VII? 

Briefly describe his reign ■ 542 

How did Charles the Bold acquire Alsace? Lorraine? How 
did his death contribute to the formation of the French 
monarchy? 543 

202 



Other European Countries 

How long did Justinian rule the Roman empire? What may- 
be said of this period? Name important steps taken by 

him to improve the legal system of the empire 752 

Against what four peoples was Belisarius successful? 481 

Briefly sketch the conquests of Heraclius 705 

By what method did Irene secure the Byzantine throne?.. 733 

For what act is Vladimir the Great best known? 908 

Where did Olaf become interested in Christianity? Give the 

outcome of his struggle with Canute 823, 529 

How did Ferdinand I extend the Christian frontiers? Who 

disputed his right to the crown of Spain? 621-E 

Who was The Cid? Outline his military achievements.. 547 
By whom was Alexius I made king? Name some of his foes. 448 
To what two high offices was Dandolo appointed? Why did 

he besiege Constantinople? With what success? 577 

Why did Baldwin I and other crusaders never reach the 

holy land? What crown was offered to Baldwin? 469 

How did Alfonso X rank among the princes of his time?. . 449 
Account for Artevelde's popularity as a Flemish leader.. 460 
With what religious disturbances was Ziska connected?... 935 

Relate briefly the story of Foscari and his son 633 

Briefly discuss the career of Alfonso V 449 

In what religious warfare did Hunyadi distinguish himself? 

Describe his most brilliant achievement 728 

Mention three noteworthy facts in connection with Con- 

stantine XIII's defense of Constantinople 559 

What practical aid was given to explorers by Henry the 

Navigator? Give the most notable result 705 

Oriental Nations 

To what extent was Omar responsible for the development 

and spread of Mohammedanism? 823-F 

In what four ways did Al-Mansur increase the power of 

his kingdom? Name his greatest achievement 450 

Through what conquests and negotiations did Harun al- 

Rashid increase his power? 696 

What city did Saladin take from the Christians? State the 

opinion of early writers regarding his character 864 

By what act did Genghis Khan show his exceptional power? 

State an important result of his conquests 655 

Of what great warrior was Timur a worthy descendant? 

Name four countries which Timur subdued 897 

203 



What part did Amurath I play in settling Turkey in Europe? 451 

Sketch briefly the conquests of Bajazet 1 467 

In what lines did Amurath II become distinguished? 451 

READING AND REFERENCE: Church, Beginning of the Mid- 
dle Ages; Emerton, Introduction to the Middle Ages; Myers, 
The Middle Ages; Emerton, Mediceval Europe; Cambridge 
Mediceval History; Duruy, History of the Middle Ages; 
Bemont and Monod, The Middle Ages in Europe; Bryce, Holy 
Roman Empire; Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages; 
Hallam, View of the State of Europe During the Middle 
Ages; Ashley, Medieval Civilization; Adams, Civilization 
During the Middle Ages; Freeman, History and Conquests 
of the Saracens; Freeman, The Ottoman Power in Europe; 
Thierry, Norman Conquest; Cox, The Crusades; Gibbon, 
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; Stubbs, Germany 
in the Later Middle Ages; Walsh, The Thirteenth: Greatest 
of Centuries; Froissart, Chronicles of England, France and 
Spain; Holinshed, Crony cle; McNeal, Source Book for 
Medieval History; Robinson, Readings in European History; 
Standard Dictionary of Facts. 

MODERN HISTORY 

British Empire 
GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Adams, Political 
History of England; Andrews, History of England; Cheyney, 
Short History of England; Cheyney, Social and Industrial 
History of England; Cross, History of England; Dilke, The 
British Empire; Egerton, Short History of British Colonial 
Policy; Gardiner, Student's History of England; Gneist, His- 
tory of the English Constitution; Green, Short History of the 
English People; Green, The Making of England; Hodgkin, 
Political History of England; Darned, History of England 
for Schools; Larson, History of England; McCarthy, Modern 
England; Payne, Colonies and Colonial Federations ; Rogers, 
Industrial and Commercial History of England; Sanderson, 
The British Empire in the Nineteenth Century; Seeley, The 
Expansion of England; Smith, The United Kingdom: a 
Political History; Stubbs, The Constitutional History of 
England; Traill, Social England. 

The Renascence and the Reformation, 1485-1603 

Who was the first Tudor king? By what three methods did 

he quell the internal uprisings of his reign? 703-F 

204 



To what did the marriage of James IV of Scotland with 
Princess Margaret finally lead? Mention three lines 
along which James improved his kingdom 738 

Under what kings was Elphinstone prominent? How did he 

assist industry? Education? 609-1 

Mention personal attributes which made Henry VIII popular. 
What led to his first disagreement with the pope? 
Enumerate the acts of parliament which separated Eng- 
land and the papal power 704 

Relate briefly the life of Catharine of Aragon after her 

marriage with Henry VIII 536, 704 

In what capacity did Anne Boleyn come to the English 

court? Of what ruler was she the mother? 498 

To what high church and political offices did Wolsey rise? 
State his part in the controversy between Henry VIII 
and the pope 927, 704 

What unjust* demands were vigorously resisted by Sir 

Thomas More? Upon what charge was he executed? 810 

To what posts of honor was Thomas Cromwell appointed?. . 570 

What fate overtook the minister who suggested Anne of 

Cleves as a wife for Henry VIII?. 454, 570-E 

State the attitude of Edward VI toward the reformation 605 

Who was Lady Jane Grey? Sketch the outcome of the plot 

for elevating her to the throne. •. 677 

What two events resulted in the elevation of Mary I to the 
English throne? State her religious beliefs. What may 
be said in extenuation of Mary's attitude toward 
Protestantism? 798 

How long did Elizabeth rule? Whom did she succeed? 
What difficulties did she meet in her early years as 
queen? In the later period? Describe the character and 
importance of her reign 608, 798-B 

At what age did Mary, queen of Scots, succeed to the throne? 

Describe her career 798 

Why did William Cecil resign office on the accession of Mary? 
Who restored him to office? How did he contribute to 
the success of Elizabeth's reign? 538 

For what is Bodley best remembered? 497 

How did the introduction of Sir Francis Drake to Queen 
Elizabeth affect his future? State the duration of 
Drake's most important voyage. What honor was con- 
ferred upon him by the queen? How did Drake partici- 
pate in the defeat of the Spanish armada? 590 

205 



Sketch the career of Sir Walter Raleigh 848 

How did Queen Elizabeth regard Sir Philip Sidney? Give 

an incident connected with his death. ... 876 

Relate briefly the circumstances of the disagreement between 

the earl of Essex and Queen Elizabeth 613 

What method of trading was employed by Sir John Haw- 
kins? Where did he first fight the Spanish? In what 
battle did he assist in their final defeat? 697 

READING AND REFERENCE : Strype, Annals of the Reforma- 
tion; Froude, History of England; Fisher, Political History 
of England; Pollard, Political History of England; Gaird- 
ner, Henry VII. 

The Puritan Revolution, 1603-1660 

What event led to the union of England and Scotland under 
James I? Who were the real rulers of Great Britain 
under James? How did this misgovernment affect the 
political power of England? 738 

Give the leader and the object of the notorious gunpowder 

plot 620-1 

Under what kings was the duke of Buckingham the real 

ruler? Give instances of his influence 518 

For what was Hampden imprisoned? Describe his part in 

the struggle between the parliament and Charles 1 689 

What great internal trouble culminated in the reign of 
Charles I? Upon what charge was Charles tried and 
condemned? State the fundamental principle upon 
which Charles relied 541 

Who was called the lord protector of England? 381 

Speak briefly of CROMWELL'S early education. When did 
his political career really begin? To what measures did 
he lend zealous support? 381-382 

State the causes and results of the English revolution 382 

Who composed the royalist party? The parliamentary party? 

Who were called Cavaliers? Roundheads? 382 

Briefly describe the parliamentary forces. From what class 
of men did CROMWELL recruit his army? Who were 
CROMWELL'S Ironsides? 382 

Explain the Self-denying Ordinance. What officers com- 
manded the new model army? Name the decisive battle 
of the war. State its results 382-383 

Give the meaning of "Pride's Purge." What resolution of 

the commons followed this action? 383 

206 



After the king's execution, under what name was the free 

state established? What changes were planned? 383 

Describe the troubles of the Commonwealth. What was the 
fate of the long parliament? Speak briefly of the second 
parliament; also the protectorate. State the results of 
CROMWELL'S rule 383-384 

Give three proofs of CROMWELL'S greatness 381-386 

Who was largely responsible for making England mistress of 
the seas? State a notable fact in connection with three 
of his battles with the Dutch. What service did he per- 
form in North Africa? 494-E 

W T here did Fairfax gain his military experience? What was 

his attitude toward Charles I? Charles II? 618 

What was the position of Shaftesbury during the revolu- 
tion? After the struggle? Of what religious party did 
he become leader? Discuss his ability 873-B 

Why was Richard Cromwell unfit to rule England? 570 

Name the greatest success of Temple's diplomatic career. 

Against whom was this league formed? 892 

READING AND REFERENCE: Gardiner, History of England 
1603-1642; Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War, 1642 
1649; Gardiner, History of the Commonivealth and Pro 
tectorate, 1649-1660; Lingard, History of England; Ranke 
History of England; Guizot, History of the English Revolu 
Hon; Hallam, Constitutional History of England; Hume : 
History of England; Dodd, Church History of England 
Montague, Political History of England; Guizot, Charles I; 
Roosevelt, Life of Cromwell; Masson, Life of Milton and 
History of His Time. 

The Political Revolution and the Rise of Cabinet Government, 

1660-1160 
What is meant by the restoration? Mention an important 

act passed during the rule of Charles II. State its value 

to the English people 542-A 

Whom did James II succeed? What promises did James 

make? How did he keep them? 738 

How was the earl of Godolphin employed by Charles II? 

Under whom was he finally dismissed from office?.... 665 
How did John Graham aid William of Orange? James II?. . 672 
Of what nationality was William III? What circumstances 

led to his becoming king of England? 921, 738-H 

Outline Andrew Fletcher's political career 629 

207 



Whose reign was 1 called ithe Augustan age? Describe it 454-E 

Sketch the public life of Harley 692 

Show how Marlborough shifted his allegiance at the time 
of the revolution. Mention battles won by him. Com- 
pare him with other military commanders 796 

Who was the first ruler of the house of Hanover? Name 

troubles of the early part of his reign. 656-D 

What difficult question confronted Walpole while chancellor 
of the exchequer? How did he suggest reducing the 
national debt? 910-H 

Upon what charge was Bolingbroke impeached? What treaty 

did he negotiate? 495 

Give England's position in two important foreign wars dur- 
ing the reign of George II. How did England increase 
her power? 656 

For whom was Oglethorpe's American colony planned? 

Where was it located? Account for the name 822 

Sketch the naval achievements of Boscawen 503 

READING AND REFERENCE: Ranke, English History; Airy, 
The English Restoration and Louis XIV ; Macaulay, History 
of England; Hallam, Constitutional History of England; 
Mahan, Influence of Sea-Power Upon History; Lodge, Politi- 
cal History of England; Lecky, History of England in the 
Eighteenth Century; Stanhope, History of England From 
the Peace of Utrecht; Harrop, Bolingbroke ; Parnell, War 
of the Spanish Succession; McCarthy, History of the Reign 
of Queen Anne; Leadham, Political History of England. 

Colonial Struggles and Conflict with Napoleon, 1760-1815 

Mention a marked difference 'between George III and his two 
predecessors. How long did he rule? State the result 
of his attitude toward the American colonies 656, 404 

To what extent was Grenville responsible for the uprising 

in the American colonies? 676 

Who was the ifounder of the British empire in India? How 

did he avenge "the black hole of Calcutta?" 552-1 

Why was Pitt the Elder called the "great commoner?" 

How did he regard North's policy of taxing the colonies? 839 

How did Burke begin his political career? Upon what sub- 
ject did he deliver, sensational speeches? State his part 
in the proceedings against Hastings 521 

What loss did Lord North's policy cause England? 820 

Outline the naval achievements of Rodney. 857 

208 



Whom did Sir H. Clinton supersede as British commander 

in America? Mention battles won by Clinton 552 

Give the most important points of Cornwallis' American 

campaign. Where did he later serve? 563 

Against whom did Howe defend the coast of America? 

What important naval battle did Howe win? 722-D 

Sketch the military career of Burgoyne 521 

Briefly sketch the life of Sir Philip Francis. What cele- 
brated letters were attributed to him? 636 

At what age did Fox enter parliament? Describe his char- 
acter, his rank as an orator, and his achievements as 
a statesman 634 

How did Warren Hastings improve the condition of the East 
India company? Upon what charge was he tried in 
England? What two famous men were against him? 
For what is England indebted to Hastings? 696 

Sketch the naval achievements of Nelson. By what vic- 
tory did he crown his career? Quote his famous signal. . 817 

In what victories did Collingwood participate? With what 

great admiral was he associated? 556 

In whose defense did Curran use all his powers? Sketch 

Curran's public career 572 

Who became prime minister when only twenty-five? For 
how many consecutive years did he hold office? State 
his rank and achievements as a statesman 840-A 

Under whose influence did Canning enter parliament? 

What measure by Pitt enlisted Canning's eloquence ?.529, 840 

How long was Wilberforce member of parliament? To what 

movement did he chiefly devote his life? 919 

Describe the military career of Abercromby. What was his 

last battle? 440 

In what important battle did Moore and Baird both partici- 
pate? Sketch their careers 810-C, 467-F 

When did Charles Grey become leader of the house of 

commons? Give the chief events of his career 677 

Where did Brock win a decisive victory over the Americans? 

How has the place of his death been marked? 512 

In what war did Wellington first distinguish himself? 
What success attended his peninsular campaign? Who 
was Wellington's chief associate in the allied armies 
against NAPOLEON? Where was the final battle fought? 
.With what success for the allies? How and by whom 
was Wellington honored? 914, 495-J 

209 



READING AND REFERENCE: Massey, History of England 
in the Reign of George III; McCarthy, History of the Four 
Georges; Mahon, History of England; Martineau, History of 
England, 1800-1815; Lyall, Rise of the British Dominion in 
India; Macaulay, Essays on Chatham and Clive; Trevelyan, 
Early Life of Fox; Napier, Peninsular War; May, Constitu- 
tional History of England; Hunt, Political History of Eng- 
land; Brodrick, Political History of England. 

Growth of Democracy, 1815-1915 

Give five great questions favorably adjusted by Canning 529 

Sketch the life of William IV, mentioning his most im- 
portant act and his successor to the throne 921 

What difficult question between England and the United 

iStates was settled by Lord Ashburton? 461 

What treaty was concluded by Bulwer? 519-1 

State the reason for the expulsion of Dundonald from the 

British navy. Who restored him to full rank? 600 

Who stands foremost among Irish patriots? Sketch his 

activities for political reform 821-1 

Sketch Elphinstone's achievements in India 609-H 

At what age was Victoria crowned? Mention eight important 
events of her reign. Estimate her character and her 

ability as a ruler 907 

What title was conferred upon Albert after his marriage to 

Queen Victoria? Why was he popular? , 446 

Describe Napier's military successes in India 815 

Outline the public life and achievements of Peel 832 

Sketch the career of Palmerston 828 

Through what achievements did Sir Colin Campbell attain 

military fame? 528 

Describe Havelock's campaign in India. Where was his army 

besieged? Who came to the rescue? 697, 528-D 

Outline the political life of Russell 862 

How many times was Derby made premier? Who succeeded 

him? Discuss Derby's political influence 586 

How long was Disraeli member of the house of commons? 
How many times premier? Compare the theory and 

the practice of Disraeli's politics 591 

In what position did Gladstone achieve leadership among 
English statesmen? What measures in favor of Ireland 
were projected by him? Outline the important points 
in Gladstone's career i 663 

210 



What was the attitude of John Bright toward Gladstone's 

home rule policy? Toward the American civil war?. . . . 511 

Outline the colonial achievements of Elgin 607 

Describe Dalhousie's improvements in India 575 

Sketch Forster's career as secretary for Ireland 632-1 

In what international congress did Salisbury take part? Out- 
line his public career 865 

Describe Davitt's connection with the Irish land league. . . . 581 

Sketch Parnell's leadership of the Irish party 829 

Outline the military career of Roberts 856 

What reforms were effected by Fawcett? 620 

Describe the career of "Chinese Gordon." 668-B 

For what service was Wolseley made a peer? 926 

Discuss the political career of Campbell-Bannerman 528 

Describe Joseph Chamberlain's services as member of par- 
liament. As member of the cabinet 539 

How long was Bryce ambassador to the United States? 

What was his position regarding .Ireland? 518 

Sketch Cromer's achievements in Egypt 570 

Sketch the life and reign of Edward VII. How did he pro- 
mote good will among nations? ' 605 

Outline the public career of Alverstone 450 

Name a reform effected by Dilke 590 

Outline the naval careers of Fisher and Beresford 627-A, 486 

Describe the public career of Balfour 469 

Sketch the political life of O'Connor 822 

With what political conspiracy was Dillon connected? What 

leadership did he assume? 591 

Where did Kitchener win military fame? What post was 

last held by him? Describe his achievements 760 

What noted debates gave Asquith high rank? Describe his 

political achievements 461 

Briefly sketch the military services of French 641-D 

What South African colony was named for Cecil Rhodes? 

Why? What was his policy in South Africa? 852 

Describe Jameson's career in South Africa 739-F 

Tell something of Baden-Powell's service in South Africa. 
What great movement among boys was organized by 

him? State its purpose 466 

What agitation made 'Sir Edward Carson prominent? 533 

How long was Deakin Australian prime minister? 582 

What new political party was established by Hardie? 691 

Describe the public career of John Burns 522 

211 



Outline the administrative achievements of Curzon 573 

Describe the naval career of Jellicoe. . , 741 

When was George V crowned emperor of India? "What im- 
portant act passed during his reign put the balance of 

power into the hands of the English people? 656 

Sketch the military services of Haig. 684 

Mention two successes and one signal defeat of Viscount 

Grey's diplomacy 677 

Where did Winston Churchill first serve in the army? Name 

five cabinet positions filled by him 547-G 

Mention three ways in which Lloyd George gained recog- 
nition. Name two laws favorable to labor passed 
through his efforts. State the outcome of his financial 
policy. Describe Lloyd George's services following the 

outbreak of the war of the nations 778 

READING AND REFERENCE: Walpole, History of England; 
Low, Political History of England; Martineau, History of 
the Thirty Years' Peace; Seeley, The British Empire in the 
Nineteenth Century; McCarthy, History of Our Own Times; 
H&mley, History of the Crimean War; Boulger, India in the 
Nineteenth Century; Kaye and Malleson, History of the 
Indian Mutiny; Milner, England in Egypt. 

Dominion of Canada, 1867-1917 

How did Sir George Cartier aid Canadian progress? 534 

Who was chiefly responsible for Canadian federation? 788-F 

Describe the public career of Sir A. T. Gait 649 

What important political union did Dorion advocate?. 594 

What was the attitude of Sir Charles Tupper toward Cana- 
dian confederation? How did he contribute toward the 

development of the Canadian northwest? 901 

Of what political party was Mackenzie the first premier?. . . 789 

Of what party did Bowell become leader? 506 

Mention two important laws passed through the efforts of 

Sir R. W. Scott 870 

State Joly de Lotbiniere's attitude toward Canadian con- 
federation 748 

Describe Carnarvon's part in forming the Dominion 531 

Of what Anglo-American commissions was Cartwright a 

member ? 534 

Name important laws of Ontario due to Sir J. M. Gibson 660 

Of what colonies was Lansdowne governor-general? What 

foreign relations did he promote? 769 

212 



Who was the first French-Canadian premier of the Do- 
minion? "What qualities won him political prominence? 
What title has been applied to him? For what was his 
premiership notable? 770-G 

To what reform was Sir G. W. Ross devoted? 859 

Outline the public career of Sir F. W. Borden. To what 

cabinet office did he rise? 502 

In what ministries was Foster at the head of Dominion 

finance? What measures did he support? 633-H 

What important matter was adjusted by W. S. Fielding 

while minister of finance? 624 

Sketch the public services of Sydney A. Fisher 627 

What executive office was filled by Earl Grey in Rhodesia? 

South Africa? Canada? 677-D 

To what important position in Canada was the duke of Con- 
naught appointed? By whom? 558 

Describe the public services of Sir Samuel Hughes 725 

For what profession was Sir R. L. Borden educated? De- 
scribe his parliamentary career 502 

Outline the public career of Sir Robert Bond '. . 499 

Of what Canadian province was G. H. Murray premier? 815 

Describe the work of Brodeur as minister of inland revenue. 

What treaty did he aid in negotiating? 512 

To what offices have the people of Quebec elected Gouin? 

How has he been rewarded for his services? 670 

Of what Ontario party is Rowell the leader? What victory 

did it win in 1916? 861 

When was the duke of Devonshire made governor-general 

of Canada? 587 

READING AND REFERENCE: Kings-ford, History of Canada; 
Garneau, History of Canada; Lucas, History of Canada; 
Bryce, Short History of the Canadian People; Bourinot, Can- 
ada Under British Rule; Bourinot, The Story of Canada; 
Cockburn, Political Annals of Canada; MacBeth, The Making 
of the Canadian West; Montagu and Herbert, Canada and the 
Empire; Maxwell, Canada of To-Day; Bradley, Canada. 

France 

Whom did Louis XII succeed? Describe his conquests in 

Italy. What important league did he enter? 782 

Sketch the careers of three famous national heroes of France. 

477-H, 504-J, 652-D 

For what was Claude of Lorraine made duke of Guise?. .. .680-G 

213 



How did Margaret of Angouleme treat reformers? Name 

her greatest descendant 795, 704-D 

What three great powers combined against Francis I? State 

the outcome. By what is his reign marked? 636-A 

Briefly describe the career and death of Coligny 556 

Outline the military achievements of Conde 558-B 

Who was Catharine de' Medici? How many of her sons be- 
came kings? To what powerful party did she adhere? 

With what result? 536 

Name campaigns in which Francis of Lorraine (Guise) was 

victorious. Of what party was he a leader? 680 

By what two methods did Henry II add to his domain? 704 

In what battles did Crillon distinguish himself? 569 

Describe the reign of Charles IX 542 

How was Henry I (Guise) connected with the massacre of 

St. Bartholomew? Who caused his death? 680 

Sketch briefly the reign of Henry III 704 

What dynasty was founded by Henry IV? Describe his rule. 

What noted edict did he issue? 704 

Who was Marie de' Medici? By whom was she overthrown?. 795 
Outline the results of Richelieu's administration of the 

affairs of France 854 

At whose expense did Louis XIII increase the power of the 

monarchy? Under whose guidance? 782 

During whose minority did Mazarin rule France? What 

principles of government were established by him? 801 

Describe the reign of Louis XIV. State the principle upon 
which he ruled. What countries entered into the "triple 
alliance" against Louis? Why? What caused the war 

of the Spanish succession? 782 

Outline the achievements of three great military leaders of 

Louis XIV's reign 558-C, 901-G, 905-E 

Sketch the naval achievements of Duquesne 601 

To what work did Colbert devote his life? For what im- 
provements is France indebted to him?. 554 

Sketch briefly the public life of Aguesseau 444 

How did Louis XV bring on the war of the Austrian suc- 
cession? State the result of his war with England 782 

What treaty did Choiseul-Amboise conclude with Spain? 

With England? . . 546 

To what struggling country did Rochambeau give timely 

assistance? Sketch his career 856 

To whose aid did France dispatch D'Estaing in 1778? 613 

214 



How did Lafayette incur the enmity of both parties just 

prior to the revolution? Sketch his life 766 

Describe the unfortunate career of Louis XVI. What body 
did he summon on the suggestion of Necker? When 
had it last convened? Relate the circumstances which 
led to the revolution. How did it result? 782 

State the chief facts in the life of Marie Antoinette 795 

What reforms did Turgot effect? Were his plans followed?. . 902 

What convocation did Necker advise? Sketch his career. . . . 816 

Outline the career of Sieyes. Describe his celebrated 

pamphlet. What political triumvirate did he form? 876 

Over what body did Bailly preside? Describe his career. . . . 467 

What led Mirabeau to become a candidate of the common 

people? How did he become influential? 806 

With what revolutionist was Desmoulins associated? 587 

Among what class did Robespierre gain power? Describe 

his part in the French revolution 856 

State Danton's share in the excesses of the revolution 577 

State the opinion of Cambaceres on the trial of Louis XVI. 

What offices were held by Cambaceres? 527 

Describe Carnot's career during the revolution. Why was 

he called the "organizer of victory?" 531-E 

Explain how Barras became dictator. Whom did he choose 

as his colleague? With what final result? 473 

When did Talleyrand-Perigord leave France? What may be 

said of his ability and his service to France? 890 

Who is considered the greatest general of modern times? 

Where was he born? Where was he trained? 413 

At what age did NAPOLEON receive his first commission? 
Where did he begin real fighting? How did the directory 
regard him after the fall of Toulon? 413-414 

Sketch NAPOLEON'S campaign in Italy. Discuss his treat- 
ment of the Italian states 414-415 

Following the peace between Austria and France, what did 

the directory plan for NAPOLEON? Why? 415-416 

Quote a memorable sentence from NAPOLEON'S speech be- 
fore the battle of the Pyramids. Who later wrested 
from NAPOLEON the results of this triumph? Outline 
NAPOLEON'S expedition into Syria 416-417 

Describe how NAPOLEON became first consul. To what po- 
sition did he rise three years later? Five years later? 
In what way did NAPOLEON begin the legislative re- 
construction of France? 417 

215 



Give the significance of each of the following campaigns: 
Austerlitz, Jena and Auerstadt, Friedland, Leipzig, 

Waterloo 418-420 

What led to NAPOLEON'S banishment to Elba? Account 

for his return to Paris 420 

Compare the armies that met at Waterloo 420 

What comparisons may be made between NAPOLEON and 

CLESAR? Between NAPOLEON and other world rulers? 421 

Briefly sketch the life of Josephine 750 

Sketch the careers and achievements of ten of NAPOLEON'S 

famous marshals 463-H, 

581-G, 657-C, 679-F, 755-F, 799-B, 814-E, 818-C, 825-E, 880-E 

In what campaigns did Kleber participate? 760 

Outline the military life of Moreau 811 

What noted marshal fought with Lafayette in America?. . .489-E 
What post was held by Fouche under NAPOLEON? Quote 

the statement which caused his dismissal 634 

How did NAPOLEON reward Joseph Bonaparte? 499 

What honor did NAPOLEON give his brother Louis?. .... . .499-B 

Sketch the career of Eugene de Beauharnais 478 

Outline briefly the public life of Jerome Bonaparte 498 

How did NAPOLEON reward Caulaincourt for his services?. 537 
Upon what principle did Louis XVIII base his rule? Sketch 

his reign 783 

Upon whose death did Charles X become king? What ambi- 
tion soon became obvious in his rule? How did this 
affect the people? What drove him from the throne?. . . 542 

Sketch the life and reign of Louis Philippe 783 

What famous political work resulted from De Tocqueville's 

visit to America? Outline his life 898 

Describe the career of Napoleon III. 'State the outcome of 

his war with Austria. With Prussia 816 

In what important battles did Canrobert command? 529 

Outline MacMahon's military and public career 790 

Describe Bazaine's conduct at the siege of Metz-. 478 

Give Thiers's attitude toward war with Germany. To what 
important office was he elected? What part did he play 

in reconstruction? 895 

With what party did Favre ally himself? What caused his 
retirement? What important office did he assume after 

the collapse of the empire? 620 

Describe Gambetta's activities during the German occupation 

of Paris. Sketch his later services 649 

216 



What ambitions of Louis Napoleon did Grevy oppose? What 

form of government did he advocate? 677 

Outline the public services of Ferry 622 

Sketch the political career of Freycinet 642 

Whom did Carnot succeed as president of France? 531-F 

To what class did Faure belong? Sketch his life 620-A 

Estimate Loubet's ability as a statesman 781 

Describe the rise of Fallieres 618 

Who was called the stormy petrel of French politics? Out- 
line his career 551-B 

Describe the public services of Ribot 853 

When did Delcasse .become minister of foreign affairs? What 

important treaties did he negotiate? 585 

Where did Joffre receive his military training? In what 
struggle did he see his first active service? Mention 
his first great success against the Germans. Speak 

briefly of his defense at Verdun 743 

Tell briefly how at a critical period Gallieni stopped the 
onslaught of the whole German army. What title was 

bestowed upon him? 648 

How was Poincare engaged before entering politics? When 

was he elected president of France? 841 

What was Briand's early political affiliation? What method 

did he use to settle labor difficulties? 510 

When was Viviani made premier? What notable mission to 

America did he undertake? 908 

READING AND REFERENCE: Duruy, History of France; 
Guizot, History of France; Kitchin, History of France to 
1793; Adams, The Growth of the French Nation; Hassall, 
History of France; Macdonald, History of France; Baird, 
History of the Rise of the Huguenots in France; Thompson, 
The Wars of Religion in France; Rose, The Revolutionary and 
Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815; Ranke, Civil Wars and Monarchy 
in France; Morse-Stephens, History of the French Revolu- 
tion; Johnston, The French Revolution ; Michelet, History of 
the French Revolution; Carlyle, The French Revolution; 
Seeley, Short History of Napoleon; Sloane, Napoleon Bona- 
parte; Coubertin, France Since 1814; Guizot, France Under 
Louis Philippe; Acton, The War of 1870; Vizetelly, Republi- 
can France; Bracq, France Under the Republic; Coubertin, 
Evolution of France Under the Third Republic; Guerard, 
French Civilization in the Nineteenth Century; Hanotaux, 
Contemporary France; Sabatier, France To-Day. 

217 



Germany and Austria 

What two events made Maximilian I a powerful 'ruler? 800 

Why was Gotz von Berlichingen called the "Iron Hand?" 

What medieval class does he typify? 487 

Who was the greatest monarch of the sixteenth century?... 374 
To what crowns did Charles V succeed? With whom may 

he be compared in the extent and power of his reign?. .374-375 
Give the periods into which the life of CHARLES naturally 

divides. What historic events mark each? 375-376 

Describe the characteristics of CHARLES as a ruler and as 
a man. In what ways was the reign of CHARLES of 
world significance? — Quote Bolingbroke and Robertson 

for this summary 376-377 

State how Ferdinand I of Germany became emperor. What 

was his attitude toward the reformation? 621-G 

Outline the career of John of Austria 744 

What war was caused by the intolerance of Ferdinand II? 

What rulers assisted the Protestants? 621-H, 546-H, 682-B 

Sketch the career of Wallenstein 910 

Give Piccolomini's part in Wallenstein's overthrow 838 

During what great struggle did Tilly lead the Catholic army? 

Describe his conduct and its results 897 

Who was the first Frederick William? How did he increase 
his possessions? Describe internal improvements made 
by him. Of what kingdom was Brandenburg the foun- 
dation? 639-D 

Give the chief events in the reign of Joseph 1 750 

Sketch the career and achievements of Prince Eugene 614 

How did Francis I cede Lorraine to France? Into what 
powerful family did Francis marry? Against whom did 

he struggle for the rights of his wife? 636-B 

How long was Kaunitz at the head of Austrian affairs? 754 

What country did Frederick William I of Prussia gain 
through the struggles of northern rulers? Describe the 

condition of Prussia at his death 639 

Who was the founder of the Prussian monarchy? 396 

Describe the childhood of FREDERICK THE GREAT. At 
what age did he become king? Give the effect of his 

new duties 396-397 

Where did FREDERICK first use the army as an instrument 
of conquest? Upon what ground did he seize this prov- 
ince? To what treaty did FREDERICK induce Austria 
to consent? State its conditions 397 

218 



How was Prussia's rapid rise regarded by other European 

powers? Who took the part of Austria? 397 

Name noted men who frequently visited FREDERICK'S capi- 
tal. With what distinguished man did he correspond?. . 398 
What was the second great conflict which claimed FRED- 
ERICK'S energies? Give the powers arrayed against 

him, his ally, the duration and outcome of the war 398 

Give FREDERICK'S part in the partition of Poland 399 

Give a description of FREDERICK, selecting points which 

made him a great figure in history 396-401 

What provinces did Maria Theresa lose through the war of 
the Austrian succession? Which of these led to the 
seven years' war? What did Austria gain through her 
participation in the partition of Poland? From Turkey? 
From Bavaria? Estimate the character and ability of 

Maria Theresa 795 

How did Joseph II prove his adherence to Protestantism? 

How did he improve the condition of his subjects? . 750 

Describe the reign of Frederick William II 639 

Who was the last ruler of the holy Roman empire? 636-C 

What qualities made Queen Louise of Prussia the idol of 

her people? Name her most noted sons 783 

How did the peace of Tilsit affect the power of Frederick 
William III? Which of his generals contributed greatly 
to NAPOLEON'S downfall? How did this aid in the 

improvement of Prussia? 639 

For what reforms is Prussia indebted to Hardenberg? 691 

Who ranks as the greatest Austrian statesman? How long 

was he chief minister? 804-1 

Outline the career of Prince Paul Esterhazy 613 

Sketch the public services of Humboldt 725-F 

What success was attained by Bliicher during the campaign 

of 1814? In the Waterloo campaign? 495 

Describe the military achievements of Von Biilow 519-H 

Outline the public services of Gagern 646 

Sketch Louis Kossuth's part in the struggle between Austria 

and Hungary 763 

To what Hungarian is credit due for establishing the empire 

of Austria-Hungary? Describe his career 582-H 

State the occasion of Count George Apponyi's retirement 

from Hungarian politics. Sketch his life 456 

Outline the career of Andrassy 452 

Describe Gorgey's part in the revolution of 1848 669 

219 



At what age did Francis Joseph ascend the Austrian throne? 
How did the war with Napoleon III affect his power? 
The war with Prussia? How did the death of Prince 
Rudolph alter the line of succession? The death of 
Francis Ferdinand? State the apparent cause of the 

great war of the nations as begun by Austria 636 

Sketch the life and services of Baron von Bunsen 520 

What king of Prussia was the first emperor of Germany? 
Why did he choose BISMARCK as his minister? During 
what war did the king personally command his troops? 

State the outcome 921-F 

To what family did BISMARCK belong? Explain his con- 
nection with the house of Hohenzollern 433 

How was BISMARCK'S training suited to his career? At 

what university did he study? 433-434 

What chance meeting marked BISMARCK for his sover- 
eign's favor? As a member of the Prussian diets, upon 
what subjects did BISMARCK express himself freely? 

How did the king regard these opinions? 435 

With whom did BISMARCK discuss political questions while 

ambassador at Paris? Why was he recalled? 435 

How did BISMARCK handle opposition to the army bill and 
the budget? What other countries did BISMARCK in- 
volve in the struggle for German unity? Give the sig- 
nificance of the battle of Koniggratz 435 

What became the basis of the Franco-German war? What 

part did BISMARCK play in this situation? 435 

What place did BISMARCK hold in the united German em- 
pire? Describe his policy 435-436 

Briefly discuss the triple alliance, giving the countries com- 
posing it and its purpose 436 

What qualities marked BISMARCK as a statesman? 436-437 

Sketch the military career of Prince Frederick Charles 639 

In what three wars did Benedek distinguish himself? 484 

Outline the military achievements of Von Moltke 808 

How long did Frederick III rule? 639 

Quote William II on the subject of Germany's place in the 
world. On the class to whom he looked for support. 
What act of his caused the Austro-Servian disagree- 
ment to develop into world war? 921 

Sketch the public services of Caprivi 529 

Outline the career of Von Biilow 519-G 

Sketch the public life of Count Albert Apponyi 456 

220 



What two events resulted in Francis Ferdinand being de- 
clared heir apparent to the Austrian throne? State the 

most serious result of his death 636 

Sketch the public career of Von Bethmann-Hollweg 490 

In what battles did Von Kluck command? 761 

Where did Von Hindenburg win his first iron cross? How 

did his successes in Russia affect his military standing? 711 
Under whom did Von Mackensen first serve in the great 

war? Of what front was he given chief command? 789 

What new naval policy did Von Tirpitz advocate? What 

resulted from this attitude? 898 

Outline the military career of Von Falkenhayn 618 

Describe the diplomatic activities of Von Bernstorff 489 

Name two important posts held by Michaelis in 1917 805 

During what world crisis did Charles I come to the Austrian 
throne? Of what ruling house is he a member? How 

long has this family ruled Austria? 543 

READING AND REFERENCE: Henderson, Short History of 
Germany; Janssen, History of the German People; Lamp- 
recht, German History (Ger.) ; Treitschke, German History 
in the Nineteenth Century (Ger.); Miiller, Political History 
of Recent Times; Malleson, The Re founding of the German 
Empire, 1848-71; Howard, The German Empire; Bryce, Holy 
Roman Empire; Moltke, The Franco-German War of 1870-71; 
Coxe, History of the House of Austria; Leger, History of 
Austria-Hungary ; Whitman, The Realm of the Hapsburgs ; 
Drage, Austria-Hungary ; Rumbold, Franz Joseph and His 
Own Time; Godkin, History of Hungary and the Magyars. 

Russia 

How did Ivan III build up the Russian empire? 735 

What title has been applied to Ivan IV? Why? Mention 

two ways in which he improved his kingdom 735 

What personality left the deepest impression upon the na- 
tional life of Russia? 386 

What event made PETER THE GREAT sole master of the 

empire? 387 

How did PETER plan to break the geographical isolation 

of his country? 387 

How did PETER surmount the difficulties attending foreign 

shipbuilding? 387-388 

With what country did PETER begin war for the control of 

the Baltic? How did PETER regard the results? 388 

221 



Where was the old capital of Russia? To what place did 

PETER change the seat of government? 387, 388 

Outline PETER'S military services to his country. What 
does educational Russia owe to PETER? Give his atti- 
tude toward architecture, painting, and sculpture 389-390 

Enumerate five proofs of PETER'S greatness 386-391 

Outline the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna 609 

In what did Catharine II differ from her husband? How did 
this affect her character and rule? Tell how, despite 

her faults, Catharine improved her country 536 

Describe the rule of Alexander 1 447 

Sketch the military achievements of Kutusoff 765 

What ancient military nolicy was revived by Barclay de 

Tolly? How did it succeed? 471, 617-B 

What was the greatest achievement of Alexander II? Com- 
pare Alexander with previous Russian rulers 447 

Compare Gortchakoff with other Russian statesmen 669 

Describe the diplomatic achievements of Ignatieff 731 

Outline the reign of Alexander III 448 

Mention the chief events in the reign of Nicholas II 818 

In what war did Kuropatkin win distinction? Who suc- 
ceeded him in the Russo-Japanese war? 765 

Who was the first prime minister of Russia? Describe his 

public services 926-B 

Outline briefly Brusiloff's work after the war with Turkey. 

During the war of the nations 517 

To what position did Kerensky rise following the abdication 

of Czar Nicholas? 757 

READING AND REFERENCE: Rambaud, History of Russia; 
Ralston, Early Russian History; Howe, A Thousand Years 
of Russian History; Kluchevsky, History of Russia; Schuyler, 
Peter the Great; Munro, Rise of the Russian Empire; Karam- 
sin, History of the Russian Empire (Ft.) ; Jones, Russia in 
Revolution; Fraser, Russia of Today (1916). 

Spain and Portugal 

What world discovery was made possible by Isabella of 

Castile? Estimate her character and ability 734 

Mention three great events in the reign of Ferdinand V 621 

Describe the military career of Gonsalvo de Cordoba 667 

Name important expeditions made during Emanuel I's reign. 

State their effect on the power of Portugal 610 

Where was Albuquerque sent as Portuguese viceroy? 446 

222 



Who was the last Moorish king of Granada? 496-E 

What important discovery was made by Balboa? 468 

Briefly sketch the career and conquests of Cortez 564 

What country did Pizarro conquer? What conditions ex- 
isted on his arrival there? How did he take advantage 

of the disorder? What led to his overthrow? 840 

With what royal houses did Philip II form alliances by mar- 
riage? How did he show devotion to the church? In 

what ways did he permanently injure Spain? 837-C 

How did Alva govern the Netherlands? Estimate his mili- 
tary ability 450 

Describe the career and achievements of Alberoni 445 

Outline the public career of Espartero 613 

What position was held by Castelar between the reigns of 
Amadeus and Alfonso XII? For what principle did he 

stand? How did he try to achieve reforms? 535 

How many times was Sagasta premier of Spain? 863 

Briefly describe the reign of Alfonso XIII 449 

READING AND REFERENCE: Dunham, History of Spain and 
Portugal; Hume, The Spanish People; Burke, History of 
Spain; Lane-Poole, Moors in Spain; Scott, History of the 
Moorish Empire in Europe; Bernhard and Whishaw, Arabic 
Spain; Dozy, Spanish Islam; Watts, Christian Recovery of 
Spain; Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella; Lea, History of the 
Inquisition of Spain; Hume, Spain: Its Greatness and Decay, 
1479-1788; Hume, Modern Spain, 1788-1898; Clarke, Modern 
Spain, 1815-1898; Stephens, The Story of Portugal; MacMurdo 
and Monteiro, History of Portugal; Cambridge Modern 
History. 

Scandinavia 

Describe conditions on the accession of Christian II. How 

did he treat the Swedes after his coronation? 546 

Describe the career and reign of Gustavus I Vasa 682 

Against whom did Christian IV conduct war? 546 

Compare Gustavus II with other military leaders. How did 

his rule affect the standing of Sweden? 682 

Why was Christina an unsuccessful ruler? 547 

What was the condition of Sweden on the accession of 

Charles X Gustavus? What alliances were formed? 542 

What nations joined against Charles XII? Where was each 

defeated? Sketch Charles's struggle with Russia 542 

Mention four reforms instituted by Frederick VI 639 

223 



Who were the "hats" and "caps" at the accession of 

Gustavus III? 682 

Who was Charles XIV John before his election to the 

Swedish throne? For what was his reign noted? 542 

Name four children of Christian IX who became rulers. 

How was Christian regarded by other rulers? 546 

Over what countries did Oscar II rule? In what crisis did 

he make a peaceable adjustment possible? 824 

To what great work did Bajer devote his life? Who were 
his most famous coworkers in other countries? How 
many have been awarded Nobel prizes? 467, 955 

Who was the first king of Norway after its separation from 

Sweden? 682-H 

With what powerful ruling house did Gustavus V of Sweden 

form an alliance? 682 

When did Christian X ascend the throne of Denmark? 547 

READING AND REFERENCE : Dunham, History of Denmark, 
Sweden, and "Norway; Otte, Scandinavian History; Bain, 
Scandinavia, 1513-1900 ; Troels-Lund, History of Denmark and 
Norway (Dan.) ; Dahlmann, History of Denmark; Boyesen, 
Story of Norway; Carlyle, Early Kings of Norway; Gjerseth, 
History of the Norwegian People; Nansen, Norway and the 
Union with Sioeden; Cronholm, History of Sweden; Guin- 
chard, Sweden. 

Netherlands and Belgium 

What resulted from the death of Egmont? 606 

Describe the career and achievements of William the Silent. 922 

To what extent was Maurice successful in freeing the Dutch 

from Spanish rule? 800 

Mention the first important foreign mission undertaken by 

Barneveldt. Who was his most powerful rival? 473 

Enumerate the naval battles between Holland and England 

in which Tromp commanded 900 

At what age did De Ruyter enter the Dutch navy? In what 

capacity? Against whom did he fight? 862 

Briefly outline the results of De Witt's opposition to the 

prince of Orange 589 

Discuss the public services of Beernaert. Describe his efforts 

for international peace 480 

When was Queen Wilhelmina crowned? How many mem- 
bers of the house of Orange have ruled the Netherlands 
during the past hundred years? 920 

224 



At what noted gathering did Asser represent Holland? 

Sketch his activities in the peace movement 461 

How did Albert I of Belgium complete his education? What 
personal characteristic made him popular? What raised 
him to the zenith of esteem? 446 

READING AND REFERENCE: Rogers, History of Holland; 
Blok, History of the People of the Netherlands; Motley, His- 
tory of the United Netherlands; Motley, Rise of the Dutch 
Republic; Van Doon, Fall of the Dutch Republic; Boulger, 
History of Belgium. 

Unified Italy 

Mention two revolutionary leagues formed by Mazzini 801 

Describe Garibaldi's struggles for Italian liberty 651 

At the outbreak of the Austro-Italian war, what alliance was 
suggested by Cavour? What positions did he fill during 
this period? What important political union resulted 

from his efforts? 538 

Of what small country was Victor Emmanuel II ruler? Men- 
tion four provinces which voted for annexation to Sar- 
dinia. What other joined later? What title was then 
bestowed upon Victor Emmanuel? Where did he estab- 
lish his capital? 907 

What alliance for Italy was advocated by Crispi? 569 

Sketch the career of Humbert 1 725 

Describe the political services of Rudini 861 

Outline the political achievements of Sonnino 880 

What comparison is made between Salandra and Woodrow 

Wilson? 864, 924 

How did Victor Emmanuel III increase his knowledge of 
military affairs? What treaty was disregarded by him 

when Italy entered the world war? 907, 569-C 

READING AND REFERENCE: Cantu, History of the Italians; 
Hunt, History of Italy; Fraser, Italian Yesterdays; Orsi, 
Modem Italy, 1748-1898; Cesaresco, The Liberation of Italy, 
1815-70; Stillman, Union of Italy, 1815-95; Thayer, Dawn of 
Italian Independence; King, History of Italian Unity, 1814- 
1871; King and Okey, The Italy of Today; Crawford, Rulers 
of the South. 

Greece, Turkey, Balkan States 
Period of Balkan and World Wars 
Show the family ties between George I of Greece and the 

ruling house of Russia. How long did George rule? 656 

225 



What event led to Peter's election as king of Servia? "When 
did the trouble between Peter and Austria begin? State 
its most serious result 835 

What event led to Mohammed V being appointed sultan? In 

what ways has his reign been eventful? 808 

In what battle did Nicholas I of Montenegro defeat the 

Turks? With whom did he ally himself in the world war?. 818 

What family tie led Constantine I to attempt a Greco-Ger- 
man alliance during the world war? How did this 
result? , 559 

State the attitude of Venizelos regarding the world war. 
What achievements place him in the foremost rank 
among modern statesmen? 906 

Sketch the political career of Zaimis 933 

What circumstances made Ferdinand I king of Rumania? 

With what royal families is he connected? 622 

READING AND REFERENCE: Miller, The Balkans; Schurman, 
The Balkan Wars; Martin, Greece of the Twentieth Century; 
Jebb, Modern Greece; Lane-Poole, Story of Turkey; Car- 
dashian, The Ottoman Empire in the Twentieth Century; 
Miller, The Ottoman Empire, 1801-1913; Samuelson, Bulgaria, 
Past and Present (1876); Macdonald, Czar Ferdinand and 
his People; Church, Story of Serbia; Petrovitch, Serbia: 
Her People, History, and Aspirations; Denton, Montenegro, 
Its People and Their History; Seton-Watson, Rumania and 
the Great War. 

Modern China and Japan 

Describe advances made during Mutsuhito's reign 815 

Sketch the naval career of Count Yuko Ito 735 

What military rank was held by Nodzu in the war with 

China? With Russia? 820 

Mention an international treaty negotiated by Wu Ting- 
Fang. What war did this terminate? Name the most 

important diplomatic post held by Wu Ting-Fang 929 

Describe Li Hung Chang's p'art in the Chino- Japanese war. 

State his attitude toward western peoples 775 

Outline the financial achievements of Matsukata 799 

Describe the public career of Yamagata 930 

Sketch Oyama's part in Japan's success in the war with 

China. In the Russo-Japanese war 826 

Name four notable battles of the war between Japan and 

Russia in which Kuroki was successful 765 

226 



Mention important offices filled by Prince Ito 735 

Describe Togo's part in the wars with China and Russia 898 

What victory over the Russians was won by Kamimura?.., 753 

Sketch the public and military services of Fukushima 644 

What important treaty did Komura negotiate? 763 

State Katsura's part in the war with China 753 

Compare Yoshihito with preceding emperors 931 

Who was Yuan Shih-kai's associate in his effort to unify 

China? To what position was Yuan Shih-kai elected?.. 932 
To what offices was Li Yuan-hung elected in the Chinese 

republic? 778 

Sketch the achievements of Terauchi 893 

READING AND REFERENCE: Gowen, Outline History of 
China; Williams, History of China; Martin, The Awakening 
of China; Ross, The Changing Chinese; Thomson, China 
Revolutionized; Griffis, The Mikado's Empire; Chamberlain, 
Things Japanese; Brinkley, Japan, Its History, Arts, and 
Literature; Thorpe, History of Japan; Khapp, Feudal and 
Modern Japan; Nitobe, The Japanese Nation. 

AMERICAN HISTORY 

The use of history is to give value to the present hour and its 
duty. — Emerson. 

READING AND REFERENCE: 1492-1900, Woodrow Wilson, 
History of the American People; 1000-1906, Garner and Lodge, 
History of the United States (4 vols.) ; 1492-1893, Bryant and 
Gay, Popular History of the United States (5 vols.); 1000- 
1890, Andrews, History of the United States (2 vols.) ; 986-1905, 
Higginson and MacDonald, History of the United States; 
1577-1902, Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 7, United States; 
1492-1871, Smith, The United States; McLaughlin and Hart, 
Cyclopedia of American Government; Channing, Hart, and 
Turner, Guide to the Study and Reading of American His- 
tory; Larned, Literature of American History; A. B. Hart, 
Editor, The American Nation (26 vols.) ; Standard Dictionary 
of Facts. 

TEXTBOOKS: Montgomery, Leading Facts of American His- 
tory; Mace, A School History of the United States; McLaugh- 
lin and Van Tyne, History of the United States for Schools; 
Hart, Essentials of American History; Muzzey, American 
History; Gordy, History of the United States for Schools; 
Meany, United States History for Schools. 

227 



Discovery and Exploration 

What year shows the first trace of the great design of 
COLUMBUS? Whom did he consult about a western 

[passage to Asia? With what result? 280 

What enabled COLUMBUS to make a very strong appeal to 
Isabella? Name and describe the vessels which con- 
stituted the equipment of COLUMBUS, and give the 

number of persons who accompanied him 281-282 

Briefly outline the difficulties confronting COLUMBUS on 

the voyage. How did he meet each? 282 

Give the date on which COLUMBUS sighted land. What did 
it prove to be? What had been the length of the voyage? 

For what country did he claim the new territory? 282-283 

On what voyage did COLUMBUS first touch the American 

continent? What island did he discover? 283 

Give an appreciation of COLUMBUS 279-285 

What led to America being named for Vespucci? 906 

Of what nationality were the Cabots? Which has generally 

received credit for their discoveries? 525 

What discovery did Ponce de Leon make? 842 

What European first sighted the Pacific ocean? 46R-H 

Whose discoveries led to the French possession of Canada? 

What waters did he explore? 534-D 

Sketch De Soto's career. Name his chief discovery 880 

When did Raleigh's expedition discover Virginia? What 

plants did Raleigh introduce into Europe? 848 

What discoveries did Gosnold make? With the founding of 

what settlement was he connected? 669 

Outline Hudson's life and discoveries 724-D 

Mention four famous Frenchmen who explored America dur- 
ing the seventeenth century 541-A, 702-F, 769- J, 796-G 

Where in Canada did Champlain establish posts? 541 

Why did Marquette come to America? Where did he pursue 

his work? 796 

With whom was Hennepin associated? Trace their journey. 

Name two cataracts discovered 702 

What region did LaSalle explore? Describe his attempts at 

colonization. State his place in early American history. 769 

Outline the important explorations of Joliet 748 

Western Exploration. Name two Americans who made a 
notable journey to the Pacific. Describe their explora- 
tions and discuss the results. What work contains the 
original account of their journey? 549-B, 775-D 

228 



What mountain did Pike discover? How far did he explore 

the Arkansas river? 838 

Who has been called "the pathfinder?" What did his crossing 

of the Rockies demonstrate? 640-1 

READING AND REFERENCE: Fiske, Discovery of America; 
Helps, Spanish Conquest of America; Irving, Companions of 
Columbus; Parkman, LaSalle and the Discovery of the Great 
West; Parkman, The Old Regime in Canada; Parkman, 
Pioneers of France; Winsor, Car'tier to Frontenac; Winsor, 
Christopher Columbus. 

Colonial Period, 1607-1750 

State John Smith's connection with the Virginia settlement. 

Tell the story of his capture by the Indians 879 

What is known of the life of Pocahontas? Name two promi- 
nent descendants of Pocahontas 841 

Who was the first governor of Plymouth colony? With 

what historic group did he come to America? 534-1 

Name an important act of Bradford as governor of Plymouth 

colony. Account for his success 507 

Describe the life and character of Massasoit 799 

State the direct cause of King Philip's war 836 

Sketch the colonizing efforts of Lord Baltimore 470 

Outline the life of Miles Standish. 881 

Speak of Hooker's work in New England 719-A 

Describe John Endicott's career in New England 611 

In whose employ did Winthrop come to New England? What 
city did he found? State his influence on the colonists. 

Give the value of his Journal 925 

Mention two interesting facts concerning John Alden 447 

What church, city, and state did Roger Williams found? 
Why was he banished from Massachusetts? What prin- 
ciple did he advocate? 922 

Name the last Dutch governor of New York. Describe his 

achievements. Explain the name "Bowery." 887-D 

What colony did Berkeley govern? How did he lose the 

people's favor? Give the result 487-E 

How did Bacon plot against the colonial government? Ac- 
count for the burning of Jamestown. What ended the 

rebellion? 466 

Give Vane's connection with the colony of Massachusetts . . . 904 
Of what three colonies was Andros governor? What college 

did he found? Relate the incident of the "charter oak." 453 

229 



Who was Frontenac? What did he achieve in Canada? 643 

Who was the founder of Pennsylvania? How did he suffer 

because of his religious beliefs? For what was he given 

a tract of land in America? What was this tract called? 

What famous treaty did he make? 833-D 

Sketch the early life of FRANKLIN. How did he gain fame 

and fortune? Outline his public activities 391-393 

READING AND REFERENCE: Adams, Three Episodes of 

Massachusetts History; Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation; 

Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies; Fiske, Old Virginia; 

Gayarre, History of Louisiana; Thwaite, The Colonies; Fisher, 

The Colonial Era. 

Struggles with the French and Indians, 1750-1765 

Describe Dinwiddie's government of Virginia. State WASH- 
INGTON'S relation to Dinwiddie 591 

Who was WASHINGTON'S superior officer at the battle of 

Fort du Quesne? Describe the battle 506- J 

Speak briefly of WASHINGTON'S ancestry and early edu- 
cation. By whom was he first employed? Speak of the 
difficulty of the task he undertook as surveyor. What 
commission did he receive at this time? 401-402 

Give proof of Dinwiddie's confidence in WASHINGTON. To 
what position was WASHINGTON appointed when he 
was twenty-three? Give some of the characteristics dis- 
played by WASHINGTON in Braddoek's campaign 402 

Describe the career of Pontiac. Sketch the character and 

extent of his attacks on the colonists 842 

Sketch the achievements of Pepperrell 834 

In what battle did Abercrombie command the British troops? 

Who superseded him? 440 

Give the results of Amherst's campaign in America 451 

At what crisis did Hutchinson favor the British? How was 
this attitude treated? Name a similar instance with 
which he was connected 729 

Describe Wolfe's most famous exploit. Outline his other 

military achievements 926 

Sketch Montcalm's military career. Give his last battle; 

his opponent; the result; Montcalm's last words 809, 926-E 

READING AND REFERENCE: Drake, History of the French 
and Indian War; Lodge, Life of Washington; f Parkman, A 
Half Century of Conflict; Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac; 
Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe. 

230 



Revolutionary Period, 1765-1783 

Name an important early opponent of British oppression. 

Sketch his public services 442-C 

Give the attitude of Otis toward the British demands. Upon 

what does his fame chiefly rest? 825-D 

How did John Adams take part in the revolution? Where 

was he sent as ambassador? 441 

How did Patrick Henry distinguish himself in the Virginia 

assembly? Describe other public services 705 

Who was the last royal governor of Massachusetts? What 
act caused the battle of Lexington? Give an immediate 

result of the battle. A permanent outcome 646-H 

Who succeeded Gage as British commander in America?. .. .722-F 

With what did WASHINGTON'S national career begin? 403 

Sketch the career of FRANKLIN during the revolutionary 
period. When was he elected to the continental con- 
gress? How old was he when congress sent him to 

France? What notable service did he render there? 394 

What prominent orator greatly influenced JEFFERSON? 
What early paper by JEFFERSON contained the germ 

of the declaration of independence? 407 

To what body did the Virginia convention elect JEFFER- 
SON? For what document is he famous? 407-408 

Discuss the patriotism of Charles Carroll 533 

On what important committee did John Jay serve? 740 

Sketch the career and services of R. H. Lee. What mo- 
mentous measure was proposed by him? 772 

Who first signed the declaration of independence? Show 

his connection with the battle of Lexington 690-B 

Briefly sketch the lives and achievements of ten noted 

signers of the declaration of independence 

441-H, 442-C, 533-D, 391, 658-C, 690-B, 407, 772-D, 862-B, 875-E 

Give proof of Paul Revere's revolutionary zeal 852 

What event exposed Arnold's treasonable plot? 459-C 

Give Andre's share in Arnold's plot 452 

Of what Indian nation was Joseph Brant chief? State his 

attitude toward the colonists 508 

Who was the first noted pioneer of the Middle West? Dis- 
cuss his troubles with the Indians 501-B 

Tell something of Zane's pioneer work 933 

Who made the first American flag? Give the circumstances. 859-D 
How did Nathan Hale serve his country? Quote his last 

words 685 

231 



Military Leaders. In what campaigns did Israel Putnam 

serve? „ 846 

Sketch Herkimer's military career 706 

Of what nationality was De Kalb? With whom did he come 

to America? Under whom did he serve? 763 

With whom did Rochambeau cooperate? 856 

By what great victory did Gates win military reputation? 

Where did he suffer defeat? With what result? 652 

Mention five interesting facts in Stark's service 882 

During what period was Steuben of great service? 883 

For what did Moultrie receive the thanks of congress? 813 

What title was given Marion and his men? Why? 795 

What was WASHINGTON'S attitude toward the war? To 
what position was he appointed? On whose motion? 
Where and when did WASHINGTON take charge of the 
forces? With what work was he at first occupied? 
Briefly outline his military operations during the rest 

of the war 403-404 

Sketch the military and public career of Schuyler 869 

When did Saint Clair come to America? Under whom did he 

serve? In what two battles was he conspicuous? 863 

Where and how did Ethan Allen distinguish himself? 449 

In what capacity did Warren fight at Bunker Hill? Why?. . . 911-J 
How did Greene distinguish himself at Brandywine? What 
battle did he win in the South? Discuss Greene's ability 

as a commander 675-F 

Name five battles in which Wayne took part 913 

Sketch Kosciusko's career. How did he aid the colonies?. . . 763 
How was J. P. Muhlenberg engaged at the outbreak of the 

war? In what positions did he serve? 813 

Describe Pulaski's part in the American revolution 845 

How did Knox attract the attention of WASHINGTON? 

What branch of the service did he thereafter command? 761 
Who was "Light Horse Harry?" What was "Lee's legion?" 

Quote a famous eulogy written by Lee 772-C 

How old was Lafayette when he came to America? Show the 
effect of WASHINGTON'S influence on Lafayette's char- 
acter. Describe his services to America. 766 

Naval Commanders. Who was the first admiral of the United 

States navy? Give the design of the first naval flag 719-C 

Of what nationality was Paul Jones? Sketch briefly his 
activities in command of American ships. Give an ac- 
count of his fight with the Serapis 749 

232 



READING AND REFERENCE: Charming, United States, 1165- 
1865; Fiske, American Revolution; Frothingham, Rise of the 
Republic; Hazleton, The Declaration of Independence; Lecky, 
England in the Eighteenth Century; Lodge, English Colonies 
in America; Lossing, Field-Book of the American Revolution; 
Perkins, France in the American Revolution ; Paullin, The 
Navy of the American Revolution; Ramsay, American Rev- 
olution; Roosevelt, Winning of the West; Sanderson, Signers 
of the Declaration of Independence ; Sparks, Works of Ben- 
jamin Franklin; Stedman, History of the American War; 
Trevelyan, American Revolution ; Van Tyne, American Rev- 
olution. 

Formation and Establishment of the Union, 1783-1799 

Yv^hen and by whom was the present constitution framed? 
Who became the first president of the United States? 

Describe his administration 405 

After retiring from the presidency, how was WASHINGTON 

occupied? Give his attitude toward slavery 405 

Give a brief appreciation of WASHINGTON, establishing 

his right to his high place in world history .' 401-406 

Outline FRANKLIN'S services to the nation. To what con- 
vention was he a delegate shortly before his death? 

What was his last public act? 393-394 

Name some of the admirable qualities of FRANKLIN, and 

give examples of their value in daily living 395, 392 

Make a summary of the qualities and acts which made 

FRANKLIN valuable to the world 395 

What position did Trumbilll hold under WASHINGTON?. . .901-E 
Name some services which JEFFERSON rendered in France. 408 
How is our system of coinage indebted to JEFFERSON?. . . 408 
What position did JEFFERSON accept in WASHINGTON'S 

cabinet? To what country was JEFFERSON opposed?. . 409 

Name two treaties concluded by Jay 740 

What cabinet positions did Pickering hold? 838-D 

Who was the first speaker of the United States house of 

representatives? How often did he serve? 813-C 

What cabinet positions were held by E. J. Randolph? 849 

When did Hamilton begin his political career? What crisis 
determined the form of his work? What was his re- 
lation to WASHINGTON during the revolution? How 
does Hamilton rank among the lawyers of his time? 
Summarize his work as secretary of the treasury 688 

233 



Sketch the public career of F. Frelinghuysen 640 

READING AND REFERENCE: Hart, Formation of the Union; 
Bancroft, History of the United States; Hoist, Constitutional 
and Political History of the United States; Lowell, Essays on 
Government; McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution; 
McMaster, History of the People of the United States; Walker, 
The Making of the Nation. 

Party Strife and Second EnglishlWar, 1799-1815 

Whom, did John Adams succeed as president? Describe the 

career of Adams 441 

Who was the first governor of New York state? For how 

long? What office did he later fill? 552-F 

How many times did JEFFERSON serve as president? 

Name his vice-presidents 409-410 

Briefly discuss the Louisiana purchase 410 

Name reform measures enacted under JEFFERSON 410 

What was one of the chief interests of JEFFERSON'S later 
life? Give two interesting points regarding the date of 

' his death , 411, 808-H 

Write an appreciation of JEFFERSON. State five proofs 

of his great influence on American life 407-413 

How did the word "Gerrymander" originate? What office 

was held by Gerry at this time? 658-C 

What was the object of the movement led by Shays? 874 

What famous saying was first uttered by Pinckney? 839 

How long was Sedgwick member of congress? Speaker? 871-C 

Sketch briefly the political life of Varnum 905 

Compare Madison with other statesmen of his time. Whom 
did he support in congress? With whom was he asso- 
ciated in his political writings? Mention two events of 
national importance during Madison's administration . . . 791 

Sketch the public services of Gouverneur Morris 811 

In what position did Rufus King win distinction? 759 

Estimate the character of Aaron Burr. Discuss the trouble 

between him and Hamilton 523, 688 

Describe the public career of Macon 791 

What bank did Dallas found? Give the outcome of his ser- 
vices to the treasury 575-1 

Outline the career and services of Gallatin 648 

Military Leaders. Who finally broke the power of the Sem- 
inole Indians? What notable victory did he win against 
the English? . • 736-D 

234 



What decisive victory was gained by W. H. Harrison against 
the Indians? Whose naval victory made it possible for 
Harrison to defeat the English also? . .695, 835-D 

Who was Red Jacket? Why so named? How did he aid the 

United States? Describe his public speeches 850 

To whom did Tecumseh offer his services during the war of 

1812? Where was he killed? 892 

Naval Commanders. Describe the first naval battle of thfe 

war of 1812. How was Isaac Hull rewarded? 725-C 

How did Decatur avenge the capture of the Philadelphia? 

What did Nelson call this act? 583 

Speak briefly of Lawrence's naval services. What were his 

last words? How were they afterward used? 771-E 

Describe the battle of Lake Erie. Quote the dispatch an- 
nouncing Perry's victory 835 

READING AND REFERENCE: Adams, History of the United 
States from 1801 to 1817; Foster, Century of American Diplo- 
macy; Hart, American History Told oy Contemporaries ; 
Lossing, Pictorial Fields-Book of the War of 1812; Quincy, 
Life of J. Q. Adams; Roosevelt, Naval War of 1812; Seward, 
John Quincy Adams; De Tocqueville, Democracy in America. 

Growth of Political Parties and Rise of Slavery Question, 1815-1850 

What was called the "era of good feeling?" 808-H 

What two events of Monroe's first term contributed to his 
reelection? Mention his three most noteworthy acts. 

Name two other presidents who died July 4th 808 

When and by whom were all slaves in New York freed? 899-A 

State Clinton's greatest service to New York state 552-E 

Describe the career of John Quincy Adams. For what period 
was he president? State his final position regarding 

slavery 442 

What was Quincy's attitude toward slavery? How long was 

this question a political issue? 847 

Name a distinguishing characteristic of Jackson's adminis- 
tration. In what acts was this demonstrated? 736-D 

Outline the p.olitical career of John Randolph 849 

For what political measures is Clay best known? How often 
was he a candidate for the presidency? What attri- 
butes gave Clay eminence as a statesman? 550 

Give Calhoun's attitude on states' rights. Of what sec- 
tional interest was he champion? Name the "great 
triumvirate" of American orators prior to 1850 526 

235 



On what question did Benton support Jackson? 486 

What term was applied to Lewis Cass because of his atti- 
tude on slavery? 535 

Who was W T EBSTER'S foremost opponent in the debates re- 
garding states' rights? What was his first important 
act as governor of South Carolina? 699-C 

How did Legare support the union cause? 773 

To wJiat two important national offices was Van Buren 
chosen? What government department was established 
through his recommendation? What crisis suggested 
the measure? Sketch Van Buren's later career 903 

During whose administration was R. M. Johnson vice-presi- 
dent? Relate a traditional incident of Johnson's service 
in the war of 1812 746 

W T hat president served the shortest term? Give its length. 

Sketch his career 695-C 

Name four fields in which WEBSTER was distinguished... 422 

Speak briefly of WEBSTER'S parents and education. On 

leaving college what profession did he follow?. 422-423 

What case established WEBSTER'S rank as a constitutional 

lawyer? State the influence of his argument 423 

How long did WEBSTER serve in the lower house of con- 
gress? To what body was he then transferred? In 
what speech did his fame as an orator culminate? 423-424 

Of what party did WEBSTER become leader? 424 

To what position was WEBSTER appointed by Harrison? 

Under whom did he retain this place? 424 

Give WEBSTER'S attitude on the question of the annexa- 
tion of Texas ; on the Mexican war 425 

By what speech did WEBSTER arouse severe criticism? 
What subjects were discussed in his last speech in the 
senate 425 

Outline the public services of Crittenden 569 

Through what unexpected event did Tyler become president? 

Name important acts of his term 902 

Of what section of the country was Upshur a native? How 

did this influence his political opinions? 903 

Mention the principal event of Polk's administration. What 

important treaty was entered into with England? 841 

What important offices did Dallas hold? 575-J 

Who was called "Old Rough and Ready?" Sketch his military 
service. Give the three chief questions of his admin- 
istration 892-B 

236 



What treaty did Clayton negotiate? 551 

Describe the uprising known as "Dorr's rebellion." 594-G 

Military Leaders. Sketch the career of Black Hawk 493 

In what famous struggle did Crockett lose his life? 569 

Why was Houston called "the hero of San Jacinto?" 721 

Name battles in which Taylor won distinction 892-B 

Through what victories was Winfield Scott enabled to reach 

the city of Mexico? 870 

READING AND REFERENCE: Burgess, The Middle Period, 
1817-1858; Gannett, Building of a Nation; Hart, The Monroe 
Doctrine; Hart, Foundation of American Foreign Policy; 
Hildreth, Despotism in America; Howard, LocaZ Constitu- 
tional History of the United States; McMaster, Struggle for 
Social, Political, and Industrial Rights of Man; Hunt, John 
C. Calhoun; Schurz, Henry Clay; Bassett, Life of Andrew 
Jackson; Beveridge, Life of John Marshall; McMaster, Daniel 
Wedster. 

Final Struggle Over Slavery, 1850-1860 

How did Fillmore cause the defeat of the whig party? 625 

Of what cabinet department was Ewing the first head? 616 

Name five important events of Pierce's administration 838 

Describe the public career of W. R. King 759 

During what troublous times was Marcy secretary of war? 

What problems confronted him as secretary of state?. . 794 

What was the "Gadsden purchase?" 646-D 

Mention the most important point in Buchanan's last 

message to congress 518 

Give the attitude of Thaddeus Stevens on slavery 884 

Briefly sketch the public life of Thomas Corwin 564 

Tell something of the work of Edward Everett. Mention 

the occasion of his last important speech 616 

Outline the public services of Giddings 660-G 

How long was Weed an influential political leader? Name 

his close associates in New York politics. What was 

this coalition called? 914 

State Wade's convictions on the slavery question 908 

Sketch Winthrop's position on the slavery question 925-C 

State the subject of Sumner's first important speech in the 

senate. How did he support LINCOLN? 888 

What title was applied to Stephen Douglas? Outline his 

career. How were his presidential ambitions defeated? 

How did he later show his greatness? 595 

237 



What was the first important speech heard by LINCOLN? 

'State its effect on him 427 

Where did LINCOLN form his first opinions on slavery? 

When did he openly oppose its extension? 428 

What event brought LINCOLN actively into political leader- 
ship? Give the points emphasized in his speech accept- 
ing the nomination for United States senator. What 
was the main question discussed in his notable debates 
with Douglas? State the results of this memorable 
campaign 429-430 

READING AND REFERENCE: Rhodes, History of the United 
States from the Compromise of 1850; Hoist, Constitutional 
and Political History of the United States; Wilson, Rise and 
Fall of Slave Power; Smith, Parties and Slavery; Macy, Po- 
litical Parties; Hart, Slavery and Abolition; Hill, Lincoln- 
Douglas Debates; Nicolay and Hay, Life of Abraham Lincoln; 
Ida M. Tarbell, Life of Abraham Lincoln; Brown, Douglas; 
Roosevelt, Benton; McLaughlin, Lewis Cass; Haynes, Sum- 
ner; Bancroft, Seward. 

The Civil War, 1861-1865 

Briefly outline the struggle for the presidency in 1860, the 
state of the country, and the conditions facing LINCOLN 
on his inauguration 430 

What event precipitated the civil war? For how many vol- 
unteers did LINCOLN call, and for how long a period?. . 430 

How did McClellan's plans and those of LINCOLN conflict? 

Whom did LINCOLN appoint in McClellan's place? 431 

Give the substance of LINCOLN'S reply to Greeley's open 
letter. By what declaration did LINCOLN render mem- 
orable New Year's day, 1863? 431 

What battle was the turning-point of the war? Give the 
occasion of LINCOLN'S famous speech at this place. 
Mention some of the noted generals and important 
battles of the civil war. What surrender marked its 
close? What national tragedy followed? 431-432 

Discuss LINCOLN as a self-made man, as a political leader, 

and as a world ideal 433 

Who was LINCOLN'S secretary of state? What important 

negotiations did he conclude? 872-F 

What important office was held by Hannibal Hamlin? 688 

How did Dix aid the union cause during the civil war? 592-A 

Name two important offices in which Cameron served 527 

238 



Why did Mason resign from the senate? Describe the inci- 
dent of his capture during the war 798 

Sketch the achievements of Fessenden 622 

What cabinet position did Chase hold? Speak briefly of his 
work in this office. Over what noted trial did he preside 

when chief-justice? 543 

Who was chosen president of the confederate states? 

Justify the choice 580-1 

To what confederate office was Stephens elected? 883 

Outline the public life and services of R. M. T. Hunter 727 

For what important measure did Morrill secure the support 

of LINCOLN? State its importance 811 

Compare Toombs with other Southern leaders 899 

What cabinet positions did Stanton hold? 882 

In what capacity did Yancey serve the confederacy? 930 

W T hat extension of slavery did Howell Cobb advocate? 553 

What principles did H. W. Davis champion? 580 

Give the main facts in the public life of Breckinridge 509 

How did Grow assist the development of the West? 679 

For what efforts did O. P. Morton win national esteem? 812 

Military Leaders. In what battles of the civil war did Grant 
distinguish himself? Whom did he succeed as com- 
mander-in-chief of the federal forces? 672, 802-A 

Sketch briefly Sherman's military achievements. What part 

did he take in the final events of the war? 875-F 

Whom do critics consider the greatest military leader pro- 
duced by the civil war? Why did he resign from the 
United States army? To what position was he at once 

appointed? Outline his conduct of the war 772-E 

What confederate officer began the civil war? How? 479-A 

What part did Anderson play in the opening of the war?. . . . 452 
To what position was McClellan appointed on the outbreak 

of the war? Why and by whom was he superseded? 787 

Speak briefly of the military services of A. S. Johnston 747 

Sketch J. E. Johnston's military career 747 

What battles were fought by Meade while division com- 
mander? As commander-in-chief, what momentous vic- 
tory did he gain? 802 

Who was called "the rock of Chickamauga?" For what 

service did he receive the thanks of congress? 895-F 

Give Bragg's opponent in each of the following battles: 

Perry ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga 507 

Who defeated Hood at Franklin? At Nashville?. .718, 867-H, 895-F 

239 



Why was T. J. Jackson called "Stonewall?" Mention five 

battles in which Jackson commanded 737 

In what great battle did Pickett notably distinguish himself? 

Compare him with other officers of the war 838 

Mention five battles in which Sheridan displayed conspicuous 

bravery. How was he rewarded? , 875 

Outline the careers and military achievements of twelve 

union generals 522-F, 690-C, 718-E, 

722-A, 754-G, 758-D, 779-H, 852-G, 859-C, 867-H, 871-B, 876-G 
Sketch the lives and military achievements of ten confed- 
erate generals 507-F, 

602-G, 616-C, 668-F, 689-G, 710-D, 718-B, 780-G, 886-H, 917-A 
Naval Commanders. At what age did Farragut enter the 

navy? Sketch his services during the civil war 619 

In what action was Dupont seriously defeated? 601 

Outline the naval career of A. H. Foot© 631 

Name a valuable invention by Dahlgren. Sketch his career. 575 

What confederate officer commanded the Alabama? 871-G 

In what naval attack did Porter play an important part? 

With whom did he cooperate? 843 

READING AND REFERENCE: Bartlett, Literature of the Re- 
bellion; Burgess, The Civil War and Reconstruction; Cen- 
tury Co., Battles and Leaders of the Civil War; Chadwick, 
Causes of the Civil War; Comte de Paris, Civil War; Cox, 
Three Decades; Davis, Rise and Fall of Confederate Govern- 
ment; Draper, American Civil War; Fiske, Mississippi Valley 
in the Civil War; Fletcher, American War; Formby, Ameri- 
can Civil War; Gorham, Stanton; Greeley, American Conflict; 
Grant, Personal Memoirs; Hosmer, Outcome of the Civil War; 
Johnson, War of Secession; Lunt, Origin of the War; Pollard, 
Southern History of the War; Pollard, Lost Cause; Ropes, 
Story of the Civil War; Stephens, War Between the States; 
Warden, Chase; Woodrow Wilson, Division and Reunion; 
Wood and Edmonds, Civil War in the United States. 

The Restored Union and National Growth, 1865-1915 

Sketch the early life and education of Andrew Johnson. 

Give the cnief facts of his administration 745 

How was Grant rewarded for his services in the civil war? 

How long was he president? 672 

Mention important measures supported by John Sherman. . . 875 

Why was Cox called "the letter-carriers' friend?" 566-F 

What national questions did Hamilton Fish adjust? 626 

240 



Speak briefly of the diplomatic work of Burlingame 521 

Who was called "the watchdog of the treasury?" Why? 912-B 

State briefly the legislative work of Conkling 558 

Describe the presidential administration of Hayes 699 

Outline the political career of Tilden 897 

For what qualities was Randall noted? 848 

Estimate the political influence of Allison 450 

Sketch the career and services of Carl Schurz 869 

Outline the life and achievements of Garfield 650-H 

Describe the congressional services of Blaine 494 

Sketch the life and administration of Arthur 460 

State the public services of Edmunds 604 

Outline the career and administrations of Cleveland 552 

Sketch Bayard's legislative and diplomatic career 477 

What important law was enacted through the efforts of 

Cullom? 572 

State the diplomatic achievements of Olney 823 

Give a brief outline of the public life of Carlisle 531 

Describe Gorman's career as a party leader 669 

Give the chief events of Harrison's administration 694 

Describe the public services of Hoar 712 

Name important commissions on which Morgan served 811-D 

Describe McKinley's administration and career 790 

In what field was Frye's influence most beneficial? 644 

Who instituted the "open door" policy in China? 698-C 

What commendable ruling did Reed make as speaker? 850 

Upon how many occasions was Bryan nominated for the 

presidency? Mention a policy advocated by him 517 

Sketch the public career and achievements of Roosevelt. 

Give the chief events of his administration 858 

How long did Cannon serve in congress? As speaker? 529 

State Nelson's best known contribution to legislation 817 

Outline Root's achievements as secretary of state 858 

Of what important commissions was Burton a member?. . . .523-H 

Sketch Beveridge's public career 490 

Give two reasons for Taft's unpopularity as president, and 

the final cause of his defeat for reelection 890 

How long was Aldrich in the United States senate? Name 

a noted bill of which he was the author 447 

Describe the career and public services of Cummins 572 

Outline the public achievements of Lodge 779 

Sketch the public life of John Sharp Williams 922 

What senator was the first to be elected by popular vote?. . . 465-J 

241 



Outline the career of Woodrow Wilson. Speak of the diffi- 
culties encountered during his first term. Mention an 
early custom revived by him. Enumerate the chief 
events; of his administration 924 

Mention a beneficial law due to the efforts of Newlands 818 

Outline the political career of Underwood. For what impor- 
tant act was he largely responsible? 903 

Explain W. B. Wilson's connection with organized labor 924 

Give the names of vice-presidents beginning with Grant's 
administration and ending with Wilson's, outlining the 

career of each 556-B, 923-G, 917-B, 

460-H, 702-B, 812-C, 884-D, 713-A, 858-E, 618-B, 875-C, 797-B 

Mention and give the chief facts concerning the speakers 

of the house from Colfax to Clark 556-B, 494-C, 

757-H, 848-K, 755-A, 531-A, 850-F, 569-B, 701-J, 529-C, 548-G 

Sketch briefly the lives and public services of thirteen secre- 
taries of state 872-P, 912-B, 626-B, 615-H, 

494-C, 640-F, 477-1, 633-1, 677-A, 875-D, 582-F, 698-C, 762-A 

Name and give achievements of five noted secretaries of the 

treasury 875-D, 677-A, 531-A, 646-F, 564-C 

Military Leaders. In what kind of warfare was Custer 

chiefly engaged? Sketch briefly his last battle 574 

Describe the military services of Brooke; Miles; Chaffee; 

Corbin; Greene; F. D. Grant 513, 805, 539, 562, 675, 672 

Sketch briefly Funston's early career. What notable exploit 
ended the war in the Philippines? What expedition 
did Funston command in 1916? 645 

Who led the Philippine insurrection? When was he cap- 
tured? Give proof of his submission 444-E 

Naval Commanders. In what naval battle did Dewey win 
distinction? Give reasons for considering this battle 
the greatest since Trafalgar 588 

Of what relief expedition was Schley in command? What 

service did he render at Valparaiso? Off Santiago? 867 

How did Mahan serve in the Spanish-American war? Speak 

of his rank as an authority on naval affairs 792 

What achievement brought Sampson fame? Sketch briefly 

his naval career 865 

Describe the naval services of C. E. Clark 548 

With what event is Sigsbee's name associated? 876 

Who was called "Fighting Bob?" Why? Outline his naval 

career and services 615-F 

Relate the exploit by which Hobson won distinction 713 



READING AND REFERENCE: Haworth, Reconstruction and 
Union; Sparks, National Development; Johnson, Century of 
Expansion; Bryce, American Commonwealth; Andrews, Our 
Own Time; Brady, Indian Fights and Fighters; Bullock, 
Monetary History; Ida M. Tarbell, The Tariff in Our Times, 
Ringwalt, Development of Transportation Systems; Blaine 
Twenty Years of Congress; Ely, Labor Movement in America 3 
Hough, Settlement of the West; Grady, New South; Washing- 
ton, Negro Problem; McVey, Populist Movement; Smythe 
Conquest of Arid America; Maclain, Alaska and the Klon 
dike; Chadwick, Spa?iish- American War; Davis, Our Con 
quests in the Pacific; Barrows, Philippines ; Arias, Panama 
Canal; Jenks, The Trust Problem; Van Hise, Concentration 
and Control; Munro, Initiative, Referendum, and Recall; 
White, The Old Order Chang eth; Van Hise, Conservation of 
Natural Resources; Latane, America as a World Power. 

The War of the Nations and the Struggle for World Peace 

State the substance and the result of Wilson's epoch-making 

address of April 2, 1917 924-C 

To what important commission was Root appointed during 

the world war? 858 

What position did Bryan occupy in Wilson's first cabinet?. . 517 
What opportunity for service was offered Taft during the 

war of the nations? 890 

Of what important government department was Daniels 

made the head during Wilson's administration? 577 

What was McAdoo's position in the industrial world? To 

what office was he appointed by Wilson? 786 

Name two national undertakings advocated by Lane 768 

Upon what five commissions was the United States repre- 
sented by Lansing? At what critical period was he 

appointed secretary of state? 769 

Sketch the public career of Hiram Johnson 746 

When was Kitchin made floor leader in congress? 760 

What qualities brought Lenroot into political prominence?. . 773 
For what work did Brand Whitlock become widely known?. . 918 

At what date was Baker made secretary of war? 468-C 

Military Leaders. What redivision of the United States army 
was made in 1917? Name the men appointed to com- 
mand the departments. 474-H, 482-D, 606-A, 775-G, 835-E, 927-B 
Who led the first American troops to France? Sketch briefly 

his previous military career 835-E 

243 



READING AND REFERENCE: Adlerj The World Crisis and 
Its Meaning; Baldwin, France and the War; Beveridge, What 
Is Back of the War; Hall Oaine, Scenes in the Great War; 
Harrison, The German Peril; Hillls, Studies of the Great 
War; Kipling, France at War; Roosevelt, America and the 
World War; Thayer, German]/ vs. Civilization; Wells, What 
is Coming?; Edith Wharton, Fighting France from Bunker que 
to Belfort; Wister, Pentecost of Calamity; Zangwill, The War 
for the World; Gerard, My Four Years in Germany; Simonds, 
The Great War; Fisher, The War: Its Causes and Issues. 

SOCIAL SCIENCE 

GENERAL READING AND REFERENCE: Spencer, Principles 
of Sociology; Giddings, Sociology; Howard, General Soci- 
ology; Wright, Practical Sociology; Ward, Dynamic Sociol- 
ogy; Cabot, Every Day Ethics; Griggs, Moral Education; 
Royce, The World and the Individual; Kidd, Social Evolu- 
tion; Scott, Social Education; Seager, Social Insurance; 
Maurice, Social Morality; Ross, Social Psychology ; Bagehot, 
Physics and Politics; Ely, Socialism; Bliss, New Encyclopedia 
of Social Reform. 

Philanthropy 

Describe from ancient history a conspicuous exemplar of 

philanthropic purpose 462-H 

In what philanthropic work was John Howard engaged? 

Account for this interest and state the results. 721 

Sketch the philanthropic career of Oberlin 821 

Who first attempted to organize anti-slave trade opinion? 

Give the result of his later work 919-G 

What directed Elizabeth Fry's attention to prison reform? 

Name improvements secured by her efforts 644 

What Indian merchant is noted for his unsectarian phi- 
lanthropy? Speak briefly of his work 740-G 

Give an example of a large fortune devoted to woman's edu- 
cational advancement 905-D 

How did George Peabody aid the cause of education, in 

America and abroad? How has his name been honored? 831 

What English philanthropist greatly improved working con- 
ditions for women and boys? 873-C 

Name an English worker interested in the "ragged" school 

movement. Outline her career 532-B 

Discuss the nature and extent of Pearson's benefactions 832 

244 



Mention different classes of workers who benefited by the 

efforts of Baroness Burdett-Coutts 520 

What famous nurse drew the world's attention to the need 

of organized service in war-times? Sketch her career. .819-C 
Outline Dunant's work in establishing the Red Cross society. 599 
Name the founder of the national Red Cross society in the 
United States. Sketch her career. Mention calamities 

in which this society has provided aid 475-G 

What benefactions are associated with Margaret Sage? Name 

another woman who aided education 863, 699-G 

How did Barrows advance the cause of prison reform? 474-F 

Sketch the philanthropic activities of Helen Gould 670 

READING AND REFERENCE: Gray, History of English Phi- 
lanthropy; Woods, Philanthropy and Social Progress; Dunant, 
Origin of the Red Cross; Barton, The Red Cross; Wines, 
Punishment and Reformation; Henderson, Modern Prison 
Systems; Potts, Some Practical Problems of Prison Reform; 
Osborne, Within Prison Walls; Lee, Constructive and Pre- 
ventive Philanthropy. 

Social Reform 

How is the name of Saint-Simon connected with social ad- 
vance? 864 

With what endeavors was Robert Owen associated? 826 

Name the founder of modern communism in its best form. .525-B 

Briefly sketch Sir Rowland Hill's efforts in reform 711 

Outline John Brown's connection with the slavery question. 514 
In what movement was Neal Dow engaged? Sketch his career. 595 
To what great cause did Garrison devote his energies? Out- 
line his career 651 

Who was called "the learned blacksmith?" What made him 

best known to the world? 523-D 

Name the greatest anti-slavery orator. With whom did he 

work? What other causes did he champion? 837-G 

Who was Frederick Douglass? Sketch his achievements... 595 

Name a very effective temperance lecturer 670-C 

Give four reforms in which Julia Ward Howe was active. 
By what poem is she universally known? How was she 

honored? , 722 

What alienist promoted many reforms in the treatment of 

criminal classes? Sketch his career 780-A 

To what cause did Frances Willard devote her notable gifts? 

How did she serve the movement? 921 

245 



Sketch the life of Judith Ellen Foster 634 

To what field did Comstock devote his efforts? Give some 

of his writings 557-F 

Upon what social problems do the writings of Gilman touch?. 662-F 
Name a worker in the playgrounds movement. In what 

other reforms was he interested? 854-H 

Who made Chicago Commons widely known? Sketch his 

career 891-H 

Speak briefly of the reform work of Chafin 539 

Name four of Henderson's sociological works 701-1 

What made Benjamin Kidd prominent? Sketch his career . . 758 

Illustrate by works Ellis's chief lines of research 609 

Name the foremost social settlement leader in America. 
Give a resume of her work as social reformer and as 

author 442-E 

To what special social problems is Steiner devoted? 883 

State ways in which Zueblin has aided social advance 936 

Give an appreciation of the social service of Devine 587 

Name an international authority on juvenile delinquency. 

Of what works is he the author? 776-G 

Name three noted literary productions inspired by the slav- 
ery question 823-D, 885-H, 923-G 

READING AND REFERENCE: Addams, Democracy and Social 
Ethics; Towns, Habits that Handicap; Samuelson, History of 
Drink; Sterns, Temperance of All Nations; Fernald, Eco- 
nomics of Prohibition; Billings, Editor, Physiological Aspects 
of the Liquor Problem; Koren, Economic Aspects of the 
Liquor Problem; Pereira, Intemperance; Burns, Labor and 
Drink; Barker, The Saloon Problem and Social Reform; 
Lydston, Diseases of Society; Riis, The Battle with the Slum; 
Ward, The Social Center; Addams, Twenty Years at Hull 
House; Conyngton, How to Help; Lee, Constructive and Pre- 
ventive Charity; Mangold, Child Problems; Lindsey, Prob- 
lems of the Children; Barrows, Children's Courts in the 
United States; Morrison, Juvenile Offenders; Eliot, The' 
Juvenile Court and the Community; Ellis, The Criminal; 
Ferri, Criminal Sociology ; Parsons, Responsibility for Crime; 
Hart, Slavery and Abolition; Devine, The Spirit of Social 
Work. 

Woman Suffrage 

What English philosopher advocated the woman's rights 

movement? Mention a work proving his position 805-G 

246 



Give Lucretia Mott's experience at the world's anti-slavery 
convention in London, 1840. Outline her service to the 

suffrage movement 812 

Give LINCOLN'S attitude toward suffrage. Quote him 428 

Name four great causes championed by Wendell Phillips 837 

Why is Seneca Falls, N. Y., 1848, significant in the suffrage 
movement? Name the first president of the national 

association. Sketch her career 882-C 

How did Lucy Blackwell Stone serve the suffrage cause? 885 

Discuss the reform work of Susan B. Anthony 455 

Name two of Caroline Ball's representative works 575 

Who wrote Common Sense About Women? 709-1 

What Spanish orator advocated universal suffrage? 535-L 

State Henry Fawcett's position on the suffrage question 620 

How did Lillie Devereux Blake serve the movement? 494 

With what movements for women is Millicent Fawcett asso- 
ciated? 620 

What woman has been a notable figure in the suffrage move- 
ment for a third of a century? Outline her career. 

Mention some of her services 873-1 

W T hat Swedish writer holds radical views on woman's prob- 
lems? 757-1 

Sketch the career and service of Carrie Chapman Catt 537 

What important positions did Sarah Piatt Decker hold? 

Quote a prophecy made by her in 1912 583 

What lectures made Charlotte Perkins Gilman widely 

known? Name some of her works 662 

In what special way does the name of Jeannette Rankin 

stand out among suffrage workers? Sketch her career. . 849 
READING AND REFERENCE: Child, History of Woman; Mill, 
The Subjection of Women; Swiney, The Awakening of 
Women; Buckle, The Influence of Women; Ostrogorski, The 
Rights of Women; Hecker, Woman's Rights; Higginson, 
Common Sense About Women; Ball, Woman's Rights Under 
the Law; Cassidy, Legal Status of Women; Allen, Woman's 
Part in Government; Addams, Why Women Should Vote; 
Fawcett, Woman Suffrage; Mathew, Woman Suffrage; Wil- 
son, Woman Suffrage; Key, The Woman Movement; Blake, 
Woman's Place Today; Gilman, Woman and Economics; De 
Varigny, Women of the United States; Blackwell, Pioneer 
Work for Women; Shaw, The Story of a Pioneer; Stanton, 
Anthony, and Gage, History of Woman Suffrage. 



247 



INDEX 



The page numbers indicate where the Question Group on a given subject may be 
found. Reference Lists relating to the entire field of an extensive subject,' such as his- 
tory, science, or literature, will be found at the beginning of its set of Question Groups. 
Reference Lists devoted to particular fields will be found at the end of their respective 
Question Groups. 



Aeronautics 49-50 

Agriculture 48-49 

American History 227-244 

American Literature 77-94 

Biography 86-87 

Criticism 79-81 

Drama 77-79 

Essays 79-81 

Fiction 81-84 

History 86-87 

Humor 85 

Journalism 88-90 

Juvenile Writing 90-91 

Poetry 91-94 

Satire 85 

Ancient History 192-199 

Assyria 193-194 

Babylonia 193-194 

Egypt 193 

Greece .194-196 

Media 193-194 

Persia 193-194 

Rome 196-199 

Architecture, American 140-141 

Arts, Fine 140-183 

Architecture 140-141 

Illustration 142 

Music 143-156 

Painting 157-173 

Sculpture 174-179 

Stage 179-183 

Arts, Useful 46-60 

Aeronautics 49-50 

Agriculture 48-49 

Engineering 46-48 

Invention 50-56 

Medicine 56-60 

Assyria, History 193-194 

Astronomy 11-15 

Austria, History 218-221 

Babylonia, History 193-194 

Balkan States 225-226 

Belgium 224-225 

Botany 15-18 

British Empire, History 204-213 

Bulgaria. See Balkan States. 

Canada, Dominion of 212-213 

Chemistry 19-23 

China, Modern 226-227 

Commerce 60-65 



Conducting, Orchestral: 

American 144-145 

World 155-156 

Denmark. See Scandinavia. 

Discovery 65-68 

Drama: 

American 77-79 

English 95-98 

French 114-115 

German 116-117 

Greek 111-112 

Italian 112-113 

Latin 112 

Russian 118 

Scandinavian 117-118 

Spanish 113 

World 111-118 

Dramatic Art: 

American 179-181 

European 181-183 

Dutch Painting 166 

Education. 69-76 

American 74-76 

Ancient 69-71 

Defective Classes . . . '. 73-74 

Medieval 71-72 

Modern 72-74 

Egypt, History 193 

Engineering 46-48 

England: 

History, Medieval 199-201 

History, Modern 204-212 

Literature 94-110 

Music 151-152 

Painting 172-173 

English Literature 94-110 

Biography 103-105 

Criticism 98-100 

Drama 95-98 

Essays 98-100 

Fiction 100-103 

History 103-105 

Humor 105-106 

Poetry 106-110 

Satire 105-106 

Exploration 65-68 

Fiction: 

American 81-84 

English 100-103 

World 121-126 



248 



Finance 60-61 

Fine Arts 140-183 

Flemish Painting 165-166 

France: 

Drama 114-115 

Fiction 121-123 

History, Medieval 201-202 

History, Modern .- . .213-217 

Music 152-153 

Painting 169-171 

Poetry 133-134 

Geography 23-25 

Geology 25-27 

Germany: 

Drama 116-117 

Fiction 123-124 

History, Medieval 201-202 

History, Modern 218-221 

Music 148-151 

Painting 167-168 

Poetry 134-135 

Greece: 

Drama 111-112 

History, Ancient 194-196 

History, Modern 225-226 

Literature 126-127 

Poetry 129-130 

History 192-244 

American 227-244 

Ancient . 192-199 

Medieval 199-204 

Modern 204-227 

Hungary: 

Fiction 126 

Illustration, American 142 

Industry 60-65 

Invention 50-56 

American . . .- 53-56 

World..- 50-53 

Italy: 

Drama 112-113 

Fiction 125 

History, Modern 225 

Music 146-148 

Painting 162-165 

Poetry 131-132 

Japan, Modern 226-227 

Journalism, American 88-89 

Juvenile Writing: 

American . 90-91 

World 128-129 

Literature 77-136 

American 77-94 

English 94-110 

World 110-136 

Manufacturing 62-63 

Mathematics 27-29 

Media, History 193-194 

Medicine 56-60 

American 58-60 

World 56-58 



Medieval History 199-204 

England 199-201 

European Countries 203 

France 201-202 

Germany 201-202 

Oriental Nations 203-204 

Scotland 199-201 

Merchandising 63-64 

Modern History 204-244 

Austria 218-221 

Balkan States 225-226 

Belgium 224-225 

British Empire 204-213 

Canada, Dominion of 212-213 

China 226-227 

France 213-217 

Germany 218-221 

Greece 225-226 

Italy 225 

Japan 226-227 

Netherlands 224-225 

Portugal 222-223 

Russia 221-222 

Scandinavia 223-224 

Spain 222-223 

Turkey 225-226 

United States 227-244 

Montenegro. See Balkan States. 

Music 143-156 

American 143-145 

Early 146 

English 151-152 

French 152-153 

German 148-151 

Italian 146-148 

Russian 154 

Scandinavian 154-155 

World 145-156 

Musical Art: 

American 144-145 

World 155-156 

Musical Composition: 

American 143-144 

World 145-156 

Netherlands, History 224-225 

Norway. See Scandinavia. 

Oratory 136-140 

I American 138-140 

; Ancient 136-137 

Modern 137-138 

Oriental Nations, Medieval His- 
tory 203-204 

Oriental Poetry 131 

Painting 157-173 

American 157-161 

Ancient 161 

British 172-173 

Dutch 166 

Flemish 165-166 

French 169-171 

German 167-168 



249 



Painting — Continued 

Italian 162-165 

Spanish 168-169 

World 161-173 

Paleontology 29-30 

Persia: 

History 193-194 

Poetry 131 

Philanthropy 244-245 

Physics 30-36 

Physiology 36-38 

Psychology 38-40 

Piano Playing: 

American 144-145 

World 155-156 

Poetry: 

American 91-94 

English 106-110 

World 129-136 

Poland: 

Fiction 126 

Portugal: 

History 222-223 

Poetry 132-133 

Railway Development 64-65 

Religion 183-192 

Christianity 187-190 

Judaism, Ancient 186-187 

Oriental 183-186 

Protestantism 190-192 

Rome: 

Drama 112 

History 196-199 

Literature 126-127 

Poetry 130-131 

Rumania. See Balkan States. 

Russia: 

Drama 118 

Fiction 125 

History 221-222 

Music 154 

Poetry 136 

Scandinavia: 

Drama 117-118 

Fiction 124-125 

History 223-224 

Music 154-155 

Poetry 135-136 

Science 11-45 

Astronomy 11-15 

Botany 15-18 



S ci ence — Continued 

Chemistry 19-23 

Geography 23-25 

Geology 25-27 

Mathematics 27-29 

Paleontology 29-30 

Physics 30-36 

Physiology 36-38 

Psychology 38-40 

Zoology 40-45 

Scotland, Medieval 199-201 

Sculpture 174-179 

American 177-179 

Ancient 174-175 

Modern 175-177 

Servia. See Balkan States. 

Singing: 

American 144-145 

World 155-156 

Social Reform 245-246 

Social Science 244-247 

Philanthropy 244-245 

Social Reform 245-246 

Woman Suffrage 246-247 

Spain: 

Drama 113 

Fiction 121 

History 222-223 

Painting 168-169 

Poetry 132-133 

Stage, The 179-183 

American 179-181 

European 181-183 

Sweden. See Scandinavia. 

Turkey, Modern 225-226 

United States History 227-244 

Useful Arts 46-60 

Violin Playing: 

American 144-145 

World 155-156 

Woman Suffrage 246-247 

World Literature 110-136 

Biography 126-128 

Criticism, Modern 119-120 

Drama 111-118 

Essays, Modern 119-120 

Fiction 121-126 

History 126-128 

Juvenile Writing 128-129 

Poetry 129-136 

Zoology 40-45 



250 



Incomparably the Best Educational Reference Work for the Home, 
School, Study, Shop, or Office 

Just as the Telephone 

connects you with the people of your own town, with 
like certainty and speed 

The 
Standard Dictionary of Facts 

will put you instantly in touch with a world of 

Up-to-date, Useful Knowledge 

Contains the cream of all reference works, carefully condensed and 
arranged in ONE convenient volume, beautifully illustrated and 
amply indexed. Invaluable for the grade pupil, high school student, 
busy parent, teacher, or business man. Will settle authoritatively 
thousands of important points that arise almost daily concerning: 



Correct English 
Punctuation 
Misused Words 
Composition 
Letter Writing 
Pronunciation 
Synonyms 
American History 
Presidents, U. S. 
World History 



Short Methods 

in Arithmetic 
Geography 
Business Law 
Government 
Citizenship 
Woman Suffrage 
Invention 
Discovery 
Commerce 



Literature 
Literary Plots 
Mythology 
Names in Fiction 
Books and Authors 
Famous Poems 
Name Origins 
Science 

Natural History 
Education 



Gives readily accessible information bearing upon hundreds of 

Live Questions of the Day 

The Gist of History — Growth of Government — Conquests of Com- 
merce — Triumphs of Invention — Marvels of Science — Mas- 
terpieces of Literature — Essentials of Education 



For further information regarding America's most effective fact 
furnisher, question answerer, argument settler, and time saver address 

The Frontier Press Company 

Buffalo, N. Y. 

251 



A SUGGESTION 



TO make a great and useful book is to render a noble 
service. To place that book before the general public 

who need it and appreciate it is to render a service 
more noble still. It is carrying the "Message to Garcia " 

Hundreds of the more ambitious school principals, 
cergymen lawyers, physicians, teachers, and college 
students who appreciate the foregoing idea have been and 
are successfully handling our publications as salesmen and 
saleswomen They find the work healthful, instructive, 
and financially profitable. We teach them how to do the 
work m our twentieth century school of salesmanship, p nd 
we pay them liberally for the services rendered 

We are usually in a position to add extra workers to 
our sales force. The more capable the applicant the greater 
are his opportunities in this field. 

address^ 1316 * 6 inf ° rmation on this sub -> ect ma y be had by 

The Frontier Press Company 
810 Mutual Life Building 
Buffalo, N. Y. 



^2.1 74 ^| 



252 



r oK 



^ 




^O* 




r oK 








